DP 1

Question 1

Active transport

Answer 1

The active net moment of a substance from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration through a membrane via a carrier protein

Question 2

Aquaporins

Answer 2

Aquaporins are integral membrane proteins from a larger family of major intrinsic proteins (MIP) that form pores in the membrane of cells

Question 3

Carrier proteins

Answer 3

A type of protein found on the plasma membrane that is involved in facilitated diffusion and active transport

Question 4

Cell membrane (plasma membrane)

Answer 4

The semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell

Question 5

Cell surface markers

Answer 5

A surface protein, glycoprotein, or group of proteins that distinguish a cell or subset of cells from another defined subset of cells

Question 6

Channel proteins

Answer 6

A type of protein found on the plasma membrane that is involved in facilitated diffusion and active transport

Question 7

Endocytosis

Answer 7

The process in which the cell takes in a substance or particle from outside the cell by engulfing it within the plasma membrane to form a vesicle, bringing it into the cell

Question 8

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 8

A network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane

Question 9

Eukaryotes

Answer 9

An organism with cells that contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles e.g. people

Question 10

Exocytosis

Answer 10

The movement of materials out of a cell via a vesicle. The vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane, and the vesicle contents are released out of the cell

Question 11

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 11

The passive net movement of a substance from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration, through a membrane via a specific protein channel

Question 12

Glycoprotein

Answer 12

Any of a class of proteins which have carbohydrate groups attached to the polypeptide chain.

Question 13

Golgi complex

Answer 13

An organelle composed of a stack of cisternae in which proteins are assembled and then packaged in vesicles for exocytosis

Question 14

Hydrophilic

Answer 14

Polar ions and molecules that dissolve easily in water; means ‘water loving’

Question 15

Hydrophobic

Answer 15

Non-polar molecules that are relatively insoluble in water: means ‘ water fearing’

Question 16

Hypertonic

Answer 16

Having a higher osmotic pressure in a fluid relative to another fluid

Question 17

Hypotonic

Answer 17

Having a lower osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically a body fluid or intracellular fluid

Question 18

Fluid mosaic model

Answer 18

Describes the structure of the plasma membrane in which phospholipids and unanchored proteins are free moving, giving the membrane fluidity. Anchored proteins are scattered throughout, giving the membrane a matrix pattern

Question 19

Integral proteins

Answer 19

An integral membrane protein (IMP) is a type of membrane protein that is permanently attached to the biological membrane

Question 20

Lysosome

Answer 20

An organelle vesicle containing digestive enzymes used in the digestion of waste an foreign material

Question 21

Nuclear envelope

Answer 21

The two layered membrane that encases the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, which separates the nucleus from other cell organelles

Question 22

Osmosis

Answer 22

The net diffusion of free water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration

Question 23

Peripheral proteins

Answer 23

A type of protein attached to the outer surface of the phospholipids or the integral proteins in the plasma membrane. They do not penetrate the hydrophobic centre of the plasma membrane

Question 24

Phagocytosis

Answer 24

The engulfment of solid materials in which the plasma membrane surrounds the material, forming a vacuole (phagosome) and allowing the substance into the cell

Question 25

Phospholipids

Answer 25

Essential component of the plasma membrane, comprised of a hydrophilic phosphate head and a hydrophobic fatty acid tail

Question 26

Pinocytosis

Answer 26

The engulfment of a liquid substances, in which the plasma membrane surrounds the substance, forming a vesicle and allowing the substance into the cell

Question 27

Prokaryotes

Answer 27

A type of organism with a simple cellular structure, lacking a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles; for example, bacteria

Question 28

Prokaryotic

Answer 28

A microscopic single-celled organism which has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles, including the bacteria and cyanobacteria

Question 29

Protein pumps

Answer 29

A kind of protein that is capable of pumping out compounds that could pose a threat to the cell

Question 30

Receptors

Answer 30

A molecule in a cell membrane that binds and responds to specific molecules such as hormones such as hormones and neurotransmitters, triggering a response

Question 31

Ribosomes

Answer 31

A non-membrane bound organelle, made of RNA and protein, which acts as the site of translation in the process of protein synthesis

Question 32

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 32

A large organelle comprised of layers of cistern with ribosomes studding the surface. It is the site of protein synthesis and modification

Question 33

Semipermeable

Answer 33

Allowing certain substances to pass through it but not others, especially allowing the passage of a solvent but not of certain solutes

Question 34

Simple diffusion

Answer 34

The passive net movement of a substance from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration

Question 35

Trans-membrane

Answer 35

A functional protein often composed of more than one polypeptide molecule, which spans the entire thickness foo the plasma membrane. Hydrophilic hormone receptors ion channels and ion pumps are all examples of transmembrane proteins

Question 36

Vesicle

Answer 36

A small fluid-filled bladder, sac, cyst, or vacuole within the body