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GI- Week 1 > Downing: Histology of the Oral Cavity and Esophagus > Flashcards

Downing: Histology of the Oral Cavity and Esophagus Flashcards

1
Q

What forms the inner lining of tubular organs?

A

Mucosa

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2
Q

What are the four components of the mucosa?

A

Epithelium
BM
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosa

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3
Q

What is the muscularis mucosa composed of?

A

Smooth muscle (can lack or be replaced by elastic fibers)

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4
Q

What composes the submucosa?

A

Loose connective tissue
Glands
Large blood vessels
Submucosal nerve plexus

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5
Q

What composes the supporting wall?

A

Smooth or skeletal muscle, bone or cartilage (muscle is several different oriented layers)

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6
Q

What composes the adventitia?

A

Lose CT

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7
Q

What are the surface features of the lip?

A
  1. Cutaneous area- stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium (sweat glands, hair)
  2. Red area- stratified squamous non-keratinizing (papilla)
  3. Oral mucosa- stratified squamousn on-keratinizing (glands)
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8
Q

What does the submucosa of the lip contain?

A

not distinguishable b/c blends w/ the mucosa

mixed glands

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9
Q

What does the supporting wall of the lip contain?

A

skeletal muscle of the orbicularis oris

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10
Q

Describe the structure of the cheek.

A
  1. Mucosa and submucosa- like hte lip, ELASTIC tissue in submucosa
  2. Supporting wall- BUCCINATOR
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11
Q

Describe the structure of the hard palate.

A
  1. Mucosa- st. sq. keratinizing, LP (papilla w/ vascular core)
  2. Submucosa- absent in midline, anterior 1/2 FAT, posterior 2/3 mucus glands
  3. Supporting wall- BONE
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12
Q

Describe the structure of the soft palate.

A
  1. Mucosa- st. sq. keratinizing (oral) and pseudostratified columnar ciliated (nasal) + LP
  2. Submucosa- mixed glands
  3. Supporting wall- skeletal muscle and connective tissue
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13
Q

What is on the ventral surface of the tongue?

A

stratified sq. non-keratinizing

mixed glands beneath epithelium

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14
Q

What is on the dorsal surface of the tongue?

A
  1. Mucosa- st. sq. keratinizing, LP forms papillae
  2. Skeletal muscle in three planes
  3. Nerve supply
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15
Q

Where are serous glands found in the mucosa of the tongue?

A

below the circumvallate papillae

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16
Q

Where are mucous glands found in the tongue?

A

tonsillar crypts

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17
Q

What supplies the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

CN V and VII

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18
Q

What supplies the posterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

IX and X

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19
Q

What are the most numerous papillae of the tongue?

A

Filiform
PARALLEL rows across tongue
keratinization most obvious near apical portion

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20
Q

What are the fewest papillae of the tongue and where are they located?

A

fungiform

TIP of tongue

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21
Q

What shape do the fungiform papillae have?

A

CLUB shaped

Appear as RED structures

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22
Q

Where are taste buds on the tongue found?

A

In the epithelium–NOT numerous

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23
Q

What nerve supplies the taste buds?

A

7th

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24
Q

What papillae are found adjacent to the sulcus temrinalis?

A

Circumvallate papillae

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25
Why are circumvallate papillae like a turreted castle?
Each are surrounded by a moat or trench
26
What are found on the sides of circumvallate papillae? What CN supplies them?
taste buds CN 9
27
What are the glands of von ebner? What do
Serous glands in the LP of the circumvallate papillae EMPTY into the trench and wash out the area
28
What are the foliate papillae?
poorly developed in humans, taste buds associated w/ the epithelium of hte circumvallate papillae
29
What are the three types of cells that make up the taste buds?
1. Sustentacular- long, thin, project into taste pore 2. Taste receptor cells- long thin, project into taste poor 3. Basal cells- give rise to the first two!
30
What do taste buds do?
perceive taste (salt sweet sour bitter)
31
How long do your taste buds last?
Constant turn over sectioning of nerves in taste buds > degeneration and disappearance of taste buds> buds regenerate in 10 days when nerve is reconnected and nerve fibers are regenerated
32
What produces enamel and what does it consist of?
Ameloblasts | 3% protein and 97% mineral
33
What produces dentin?
odontoblasts 30% organic matter 70% mineral
34
What produces cementum? What does it do?
cementoblasts | Anchors tooth to peridontal ligament
35
What produces the peridontal ligament? What does it do?
fibroblasts | Anchors tooth to alveolar bone
36
What is the origin of the dental lamina?
ectodermal (NCC)
37
What does the dental lamina give rise to?
enamel (primary teeth)
38
What is the origin of the dental papilla?
mesodermal
39
What gives rise to cells which form dentin?
Dental papilla (primary teetch)
40
What separates the lip and cheek from developing gums and teeth?
labial lamina
41
What do the tooth germs for permanent tooth develop from?
dental lamina on lingual side of primary teeth
42
What is the difference between ameloblasts and odontoblasts?
Ameloblasts: develop from dental lamina, produce enamel during tooth growth, but are lost w/ tooth development Odontoblasts: develop from dental papilla, produce dentin during tooth growth and some throughout life
43
What are hte major salivary glands?
parotid submandibular sublingual
44
What are the minor salivary glands?
mucous serous glands in lamina propria and submucosa of oral cavity
45
How much saliva do humans produce?
1000-1500 ml saliva/day
46
What are the functions of saliva?
lubrication and moistening WASHES mouth of debris MOISTENS food for easy swallowing and tasting ENZYMES initiate digestion
47
What is the morphology of salivary glands?
CT capsule (esp parotid) Divided into lobes and lobules
48
Excretory duct
Interlobar/interlobular areas supported by CT Stratifed sq non-keritenizing epithelium in oral cavity but most is SIMPLE COLUMNAR w/ some stratified columanr/cuboidal
49
Striated duct
Lobule simple columnar or high cuboidal STRIATIONS ARE EOSINOPHILIC
50
Intercalated duct
lobule cuboidal or low cuboidal no striations narrow lumen
51
What is the difference between mucous and serous alveolus?
both are cuboidal or columnar mucous- nuclei compressed near base of cell serous- distinct nuclei
52
What are the myoepithelial cells?
Specialized smooth muscle cells BETWEN serous and mucous cells help to PUSH PRODUCT into the duct system
53
What are demilunes?
Secretory units that contain both serous and mucous cells formed by SEROUS secreting cells occupy the BLIND END of the secretory unit
54
What are characteristics of the parotid gland?
Well defined capsule w/ CT btween FATTY TISSUE Striated and intercalated are prominent Acini: almost 100% SEROUS
55
What are the characteristics of the submandibular gland?
CT present but not as well defined as parotid STRIATED DUCTS well defined but not intercalated Acini: 10-25% mucous (capped by demilunes), but majority SEROUS
56
What are the characteristics of the sublingual gland?
Indistinct capsule Excretory ducts prominent Striated ducts not prevalent in tissue w/ no intercalated ducts Acini are 75% MUCOUS CELLS w/ majority serous demilunes
57
Describe the mucosa of the esophagus.
Stratified sq. non-keratinizing (replaced every 2-3 days) LP (mucous glands) Muscularis mucosa (smooth muscle fibers)
58
Mucous glands in the lamina propria of the mucosa are prominent in what parts of the esophagus?
cardiac glands in the UPPER and LOWER thirds
59
Where are the mucous secreting glands in the submucos? What plexus is found there?
MIDDLE THIRD Submucosal nerve plexus
60
How does the muscularis externa differ in the upper, middle and lower parts of the esophagus?
Upper- skeletal middle- smooth w/ some skeletal lower- smooth muscle
61
Where is the myenteric nerve plexus located?
Outer and inner layer

GI- Week 1 (12 decks)

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