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GI- Week 1 > Downing: Histology of the Oral Cavity and Esophagus > Flashcards

Downing: Histology of the Oral Cavity and Esophagus Flashcards

1
Q

What forms the inner lining of tubular organs?

A

Mucosa

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2
Q

What are the four components of the mucosa?

A

Epithelium
BM
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosa

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3
Q

What is the muscularis mucosa composed of?

A

Smooth muscle (can lack or be replaced by elastic fibers)

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4
Q

What composes the submucosa?

A

Loose connective tissue
Glands
Large blood vessels
Submucosal nerve plexus

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5
Q

What composes the supporting wall?

A

Smooth or skeletal muscle, bone or cartilage (muscle is several different oriented layers)

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6
Q

What composes the adventitia?

A

Lose CT

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7
Q

What are the surface features of the lip?

A
  1. Cutaneous area- stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium (sweat glands, hair)
  2. Red area- stratified squamous non-keratinizing (papilla)
  3. Oral mucosa- stratified squamousn on-keratinizing (glands)
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8
Q

What does the submucosa of the lip contain?

A

not distinguishable b/c blends w/ the mucosa

mixed glands

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9
Q

What does the supporting wall of the lip contain?

A

skeletal muscle of the orbicularis oris

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10
Q

Describe the structure of the cheek.

A
  1. Mucosa and submucosa- like hte lip, ELASTIC tissue in submucosa
  2. Supporting wall- BUCCINATOR
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11
Q

Describe the structure of the hard palate.

A
  1. Mucosa- st. sq. keratinizing, LP (papilla w/ vascular core)
  2. Submucosa- absent in midline, anterior 1/2 FAT, posterior 2/3 mucus glands
  3. Supporting wall- BONE
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12
Q

Describe the structure of the soft palate.

A
  1. Mucosa- st. sq. keratinizing (oral) and pseudostratified columnar ciliated (nasal) + LP
  2. Submucosa- mixed glands
  3. Supporting wall- skeletal muscle and connective tissue
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13
Q

What is on the ventral surface of the tongue?

A

stratified sq. non-keratinizing

mixed glands beneath epithelium

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14
Q

What is on the dorsal surface of the tongue?

A
  1. Mucosa- st. sq. keratinizing, LP forms papillae
  2. Skeletal muscle in three planes
  3. Nerve supply
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15
Q

Where are serous glands found in the mucosa of the tongue?

A

below the circumvallate papillae

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16
Q

Where are mucous glands found in the tongue?

A

tonsillar crypts

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17
Q

What supplies the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

CN V and VII

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18
Q

What supplies the posterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

IX and X

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19
Q

What are the most numerous papillae of the tongue?

A

Filiform
PARALLEL rows across tongue
keratinization most obvious near apical portion

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20
Q

What are the fewest papillae of the tongue and where are they located?

A

fungiform

TIP of tongue

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21
Q

What shape do the fungiform papillae have?

A

CLUB shaped

Appear as RED structures

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22
Q

Where are taste buds on the tongue found?

A

In the epithelium–NOT numerous

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23
Q

What nerve supplies the taste buds?

A

7th

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24
Q

What papillae are found adjacent to the sulcus temrinalis?

A

Circumvallate papillae

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25
Q

Why are circumvallate papillae like a turreted castle?

A

Each are surrounded by a moat or trench

26
Q

What are found on the sides of circumvallate papillae? What CN supplies them?

A

taste buds

CN 9

27
Q

What are the glands of von ebner? What do

A

Serous glands in the LP of the circumvallate papillae EMPTY into the trench and wash out the area

28
Q

What are the foliate papillae?

A

poorly developed in humans, taste buds associated w/ the epithelium of hte circumvallate papillae

29
Q

What are the three types of cells that make up the taste buds?

A
  1. Sustentacular- long, thin, project into taste pore
  2. Taste receptor cells- long thin, project into taste poor
  3. Basal cells- give rise to the first two!
30
Q

What do taste buds do?

A

perceive taste (salt sweet sour bitter)

31
Q

How long do your taste buds last?

A

Constant turn over

sectioning of nerves in taste buds > degeneration and disappearance of taste buds> buds regenerate in 10 days when nerve is reconnected and nerve fibers are regenerated

32
Q

What produces enamel and what does it consist of?

A

Ameloblasts

3% protein and 97% mineral

33
Q

What produces dentin?

A

odontoblasts
30% organic matter
70% mineral

34
Q

What produces cementum? What does it do?

A

cementoblasts

Anchors tooth to peridontal ligament

35
Q

What produces the peridontal ligament? What does it do?

A

fibroblasts

Anchors tooth to alveolar bone

36
Q

What is the origin of the dental lamina?

A

ectodermal (NCC)

37
Q

What does the dental lamina give rise to?

A

enamel (primary teeth)

38
Q

What is the origin of the dental papilla?

A

mesodermal

39
Q

What gives rise to cells which form dentin?

A

Dental papilla (primary teetch)

40
Q

What separates the lip and cheek from developing gums and teeth?

A

labial lamina

41
Q

What do the tooth germs for permanent tooth develop from?

A

dental lamina on lingual side of primary teeth

42
Q

What is the difference between ameloblasts and odontoblasts?

A

Ameloblasts: develop from dental lamina, produce enamel during tooth growth, but are lost w/ tooth development

Odontoblasts: develop from dental papilla, produce dentin during tooth growth and some throughout life

43
Q

What are hte major salivary glands?

A

parotid
submandibular
sublingual

44
Q

What are the minor salivary glands?

A

mucous serous glands in lamina propria and submucosa of oral cavity

45
Q

How much saliva do humans produce?

A

1000-1500 ml saliva/day

46
Q

What are the functions of saliva?

A

lubrication and moistening

WASHES mouth of debris

MOISTENS food for easy swallowing and tasting

ENZYMES initiate digestion

47
Q

What is the morphology of salivary glands?

A

CT capsule (esp parotid)

Divided into lobes and lobules

48
Q

Excretory duct

A

Interlobar/interlobular areas supported by CT

Stratifed sq non-keritenizing epithelium in oral cavity but most is SIMPLE COLUMNAR w/ some stratified columanr/cuboidal

49
Q

Striated duct

A

Lobule

simple columnar or high cuboidal

STRIATIONS ARE EOSINOPHILIC

50
Q

Intercalated duct

A

lobule

cuboidal or low cuboidal

no striations

narrow lumen

51
Q

What is the difference between mucous and serous alveolus?

A

both are cuboidal or columnar

mucous- nuclei compressed near base of cell

serous- distinct nuclei

52
Q

What are the myoepithelial cells?

A

Specialized smooth muscle cells BETWEN serous and mucous cells

help to PUSH PRODUCT into the duct system

53
Q

What are demilunes?

A

Secretory units that contain both serous and mucous cells

formed by SEROUS secreting cells

occupy the BLIND END of the secretory unit

54
Q

What are characteristics of the parotid gland?

A

Well defined capsule w/ CT btween

FATTY TISSUE

Striated and intercalated are prominent

Acini: almost 100% SEROUS

55
Q

What are the characteristics of the submandibular gland?

A

CT present but not as well defined as parotid

STRIATED DUCTS well defined but not intercalated

Acini: 10-25% mucous (capped by demilunes), but majority SEROUS

56
Q

What are the characteristics of the sublingual gland?

A

Indistinct capsule

Excretory ducts prominent

Striated ducts not prevalent in tissue w/ no intercalated ducts

Acini are 75% MUCOUS CELLS w/ majority serous demilunes

57
Q

Describe the mucosa of the esophagus.

A

Stratified sq. non-keratinizing (replaced every 2-3 days)

LP (mucous glands)

Muscularis mucosa (smooth muscle fibers)

58
Q

Mucous glands in the lamina propria of the mucosa are prominent in what parts of the esophagus?

A

cardiac glands in the UPPER and LOWER thirds

59
Q

Where are the mucous secreting glands in the submucos? What plexus is found there?

A

MIDDLE THIRD

Submucosal nerve plexus

60
Q

How does the muscularis externa differ in the upper, middle and lower parts of the esophagus?

A

Upper- skeletal
middle- smooth w/ some skeletal
lower- smooth muscle

61
Q

Where is the myenteric nerve plexus located?

A

Outer and inner layer

GI- Week 1 (12 decks)

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