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Endo/Repro: Week 2 > Downing: Adrenal and Pancreas Histology > Flashcards

Downing: Adrenal and Pancreas Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the adrenal cortex derived from?

A

Mesoderm

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2
Q

What is the medulla derived from?

A

NCC

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3
Q

What innervates the adrenal glands?

A

SNS

*majority of fibers end in the medulla on medullary cells

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4
Q

What are the three layers of the cortex?

A

Zona G
Zona F
Zona R

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5
Q

What does the Zona G produce?

A

Mineralocorticoids:
Aldosterone
Deoxycorticosterone

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6
Q

Where is the Zona G located?

A

Outer, narrow zone

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7
Q

What is the broadest zone of hte cortex?

A

Zona F

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8
Q

What does the Zona F produce?

A

Glucocortiocids:
Cortisol
Hydrocortisone
(some androgens)

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9
Q

What does the Zona R produce?

A

Sex Steroid production (androgens)

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10
Q

What type of cells make up the medulla?

A

Chromaffin cells

Ganglion cells

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11
Q

What hormones are STORED in the medulla?

A

Epi and NE

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12
Q

What is Chromogranin?

A

ATP and soluble proteins that can sequester catecholamines into vesicles

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13
Q

What is the origin of chromaffin cells?

A

NCC

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14
Q

What are chromaffin cells innervated by?

A

PREgang SNS

*secrete directly into capillaries

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15
Q

What gives rise to pheochromocytomas?

A

Chromaffin cells

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16
Q

What forms the subcapsular plexus that supplies the adrenal gland?

A

Capsular plexus–> empties viens of capsules

Cortical sinusoidal–> drain into veins of medulla

Medullary capillaries: empty into medullary venules

17
Q

What forms the medullary (central) vein?

A

Medullary venules

18
Q

What are the paraganglia (aortic chromaffin bodies)?

A

similar to cells of the adrenal medulla
secrete Epi
largely retroperitoneal

19
Q

Where are alpha cells of hte pancreas located and what do they produce?

A

Periphery

Glucagon

20
Q

What does glucagon do?

A

raises blood sugar levels

21
Q

Where are Beta cells located and what do they produce?

A

towards center of islet

insulin

22
Q

What does insulin do?

A

lowers blood sugar levels

23
Q

What is the diff in structure between glucagon and insulin

A

glucagon- polypeptide

insulin- protein

24
Q

What happens in diabetes mellitus?

A

destruction of B cells

25
Q

What cells produce somatostatin?

A

D cells

26
Q

What does somatostatin do?

A

polypeptide

suppresses secretion of insulin and glucagon

27
Q

What are F cells (PP) and what do they do?

A

Produce pancreatic polypeptide that RELAXES gallbladder–> decreased bile secretion

28
Q

What cells can inhibit enzyme secretions from the exocrine pancrease?

A

PP cells

29
Q

What innervates the pancreatic islets?

A

SNS and PNS

Endo/Repro: Week 2 (11 decks)

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