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Physics > Dosimetry > Flashcards

Dosimetry Flashcards

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1
Q

Two types of damage caused by ionising radiation

A

Direct DNA damage
Indirect damage via free radicals

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2
Q

Two historical radiation incidents

A

Chernobyl
Hiroshima

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3
Q

What is dosimetry?

A

The quantification of radiation absorbed by human tissue

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4
Q

Why is dosimetry important?

A

It assesses risk, informs ALARA, and optimises dose monitoring

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5
Q

What is absorbed dose, and its SI unit?

A

The energy absorbed per unit mass of tissue, measured in Gray (Gy)

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6
Q

What is a Dose Area Product (DAP) meter?

A

A device measuring absorbed dose multiplied by the irradiated area

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7
Q

Two advantages of measuring absorbed dose

A

Quick results
Standardisation for dose optimisation

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8
Q

Two disadvantages of measuring absorbed dose

A

It doesn’t account for tissue radiosensitivity or different radiation types

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9
Q

What is equivalent dose?

A

Absorbed dose multiplied by a radiation weighting factor, measured in Sieverts (Sv)

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10
Q

What is the weighting factor for X-rays?

A

1

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11
Q

How is effective dose calculated?

A

By multiplying an organ’s equivalent dose by its tissue weighting factor, summing for all exposed organs

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12
Q

Why is effective dose important?

A

It accounts for radiation type, output, and tissue sensitivity

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13
Q

What is the effective dose of a CT head scan compared to natural background radiation?

A

Equivalent to 1 year of background radiation.

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14
Q

What is the additional lifetime cancer risk of a CT abdomen/pelvis scan?

A

1 in 2000

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15
Q

What are the 5 steps to managing ionising radiation risk?

A

Identify hazards
Assess likelihood
Evaluate severity
Manage exposure
Optimise safety measures

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16
Q

Name two risk management strategies in dosimetry

A

Shielding and dose optimisation

17
Q

What is accidental radiation exposure?

A

Exposure received in error when no radiation was intended

18
Q

What is unintended radiation exposure?

A

Intended exposure significantly greater than planned

19
Q

Why is explaining radiation risk important in consent?

A

It helps patients understand the relative risks and benefits, especially in the context of misinformation

20
Q

What role does dosimetry play in consent?

A

It provides clear metrics to explain and justify risks

21
Q

What are the three main types of radiation doses?

A

Absorbed dose (Gy)
Equivalent dose (Sv)
Effective dose (Sv).

22
Q

What principle guides minimising radiation exposure?

A

ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable).

Physics (3 decks)

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