Dosage forms of drugs

Question 1

It is any preparation with one more substance dissolved in liquid solvent.

Answer 1

Solutions

Question 2

Ideal, it should be chemically stable, non irritating, brilliantly clear and free from microorganisms.

Answer 2

solution

Question 3

Examples of solutions

Answer 3

topical
parenteral
ophthalmic solutions

Question 4

Alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of drugs made by extraction of crude drugs, solution of chemicals or dilution of fluid extract.

Answer 4

Tinctures

Question 5

Example of Tincture

Answer 5

Tincture of iodine

Question 6

These are liquid preparations where the solute is not dissolved in the vehicle but is suspended throughout the vehicle by the use of suspending agent which usually increases the viscosity of the vehicle.

Answer 6

Suspensions

Question 7

It must never be given intravenously.

Answer 7

suspension

Question 8

Oftentimes this term is loosely applied to mixtures.

Answer 8

Suspension

Question 9

Suspensions must not be given through what kind of method or route of administration?

Answer 9

Intravenously

Question 10

It can be solutions, suspensions or emulsions and are nearly always applied topically to the skin and occasionally to the eye. ______________ hastens its drying and cooling effect while __________ keeps the skin moist for a considerable time.

Answer 10

Lotions
Inclusion of alcohol
inclusion of glycerin

Question 11

It is an oily or greasy solution mixtures or various substances intended for external applications. Much benefit is derived from massage during application.

Answer 11

Liniments

Question 12

These are liquid preparations intended for application to the skin of mucus surfaces possessing antiseptic, astringent, caustic or analgesic properties.

Answer 12

Paints

Question 13

Such as ___________ used by some equine practitioners for the astringent and counter irritant effects.

Answer 13

log paints

Question 14

Preparations intended for dilution with water to make an insecticidal wash in which animals may be completely immersed in order to kill ectoparasites or to prevent reinfestation.

Answer 14

Dips

Question 15

Suspensions of a powder dispersed in water and administered orally.

Answer 15

Drenches

Question 16

Example of Drench

Answer 16

Phenothiazine drench

Question 17

Dispersion of liquid droplets in a second immiscible liquid brought about by adding an emulsifying agent.

Answer 17

Emulsions

Question 18

Example of Emulsion

Answer 18

soaps
cholesterol egg yolk

Question 19

solutions carrying medicament intended for ophthalmic or otic administration

Answer 19

Drops

Question 20

These are usually topically applied aerosols elsewhere the medicament is forced out with a propellant mixture of gases.

Answer 20

Sprays

Question 21

It is usually sterile suspensions in fluid or semi fluid vehicle. Strict adherence to label instructions and withdrawal times is essential.

Answer 21

Intramammary injections

Question 22

These are semi-solid emulsions of polyethylene glycols, water miscible and are indicated on weeping lesions.

Answer 22

Cream

Question 23

Sterile pharmaceutal liquids or suspensions intended for parenteral administration by various routes.

Answer 23

Injections

Question 24

Advantages of injection

Answer 24

• provide shorter onset of action
• provide better control of the patient
• provide a means of administration of rapidly biotrasformed drug ( epinephrine ) or poorly soluble drugs ( streptomycin ) in the GIT.

Question 25

Disadvantages of injection

Answer 25

*expensive *painful *animal must be returned for medication *must be free from pyrogens, pH near blood if possible (7.4) *oils should be of vegetable origin and bacteriostatic agent is usually required in multiple dose containers

Question 26

These are concentrated aqueous solutions of sugar with flavoring only (for use as vehicle) or with flavoring and medicinal ingredients, They have never been to practical use except for medication in dogs.

Answer 26

Syrups

Question 27

These are often used interchangeably with creams, immiscible with water, emollient in action by forming an occlusive film which prevents escape of moisture from the skin to the environment and are indicated for dry lessons.

Answer 27

Ointments

Question 28

It is a semisolid preparation used topically to carry medicaments intended to alleviate and inflamed area, supplying any or of the following: drugs, heat, and moisture.

Answer 28

Poultices (cataplasms)

Question 29

These are semisolid medications melting or softening at body temperature for insertion into a certain body orifices of the body (rectal, urethreal, etc.)

Answer 29

Suppositories

Question 30

It is a mixtures of drugs in dry powder form intended for internal or external use.

Answer 30

Powders

Question 31

These are generally defined as medicated solid masses of various sizes and shapes.

Answer 31

Tablets

Question 32

The are large tablets intended for oral or intrauterine administration.

Answer 32

Boluses

Question 33

These are gelatin shells which may be filled with solids (hard shells) or liquids (soft shells) drugs.

Answer 33

Capsules

Question 34

Most convenient form for oral administration.

Answer 34

Capsules

Question 35

Meant for continuous absorption of medical substances by the body and for this the pellets are implanted inside the body e.g hormone implants.

Answer 35

Implants

Question 36

Example of implants

Answer 36

Hormone implants

Question 37

It is sometimes called pellets are a modification of powders which have been lumped together to improved solubility or mask unpleasant taste.

Answer 37

Granules

Question 38

Is is a solid dosage form in which an active ingredient, such as a coccidiostat, production enhancer, or nutritional supplement is formulated with excipients.

Answer 38

Premix

Question 39

This is mixed homogeneously with feed at rates that range from a few milligrams to 200 g/ton of feed.

Answer 39

Premix

Question 40

A compressed feed material that contains an active ingredient such as anthelmintic, surfactant (for bloat prevention), or a nutritional supplement and is commonly packaged in a cardboard box.

Answer 40

Medicated block

Question 41

Intravaginal delivery systems

Answer 41

1. Controlled internal drug release ( CIDR) devices 2. Progesterone releasing intravaginal devices (PRID) 3. Vaginal sponges

Question 42

These systems are used for estrus synchronization in sheep, goats and cattle.

Answer 42

Intravaginal delivery systems

Question 43

It is used in the manufacture of T- shaped CIDR device and the coiled shaped PRID.

Answer 43

Silicone

Question 44

Intravaginal sponges are made from what?

Answer 44

polyurethane

Question 45

26 Dosage forms of drugs

Answer 45

Boluses Capsules Cream Dips Drops Drenches Emulsions Granules Intramammary injections Injections Implants Lotions Liniments Ointments Powders Premix Paints Poultices Solutions Suspensions Sprays Syrups Suppositories Tinctures Tablets Medicated Block