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PHARMACOLOGY > Dosage forms of drugs > Flashcards

Dosage forms of drugs Flashcards

1
Q

It is any preparation with one more substance dissolved in liquid solvent.

A

Solutions

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2
Q

Ideal, it should be chemically stable, non irritating, brilliantly clear and free from microorganisms.

A

solution

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3
Q

Examples of solutions

A

topical
parenteral
ophthalmic solutions

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4
Q

Alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of drugs made by extraction of crude drugs, solution of chemicals or dilution of fluid extract.

A

Tinctures

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5
Q

Example of Tincture

A

Tincture of iodine

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6
Q

These are liquid preparations where the solute is not dissolved in the vehicle but is suspended throughout the vehicle by the use of suspending agent which usually increases the viscosity of the vehicle.

A

Suspensions

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7
Q

It must never be given intravenously.

A

suspension

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8
Q

Oftentimes this term is loosely applied to mixtures.

A

Suspension

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9
Q

Suspensions must not be given through what kind of method or route of administration?

A

Intravenously

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10
Q

It can be solutions, suspensions or emulsions and are nearly always applied topically to the skin and occasionally to the eye. ______________ hastens its drying and cooling effect while __________ keeps the skin moist for a considerable time.

A

Lotions
Inclusion of alcohol
inclusion of glycerin

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11
Q

It is an oily or greasy solution mixtures or various substances intended for external applications. Much benefit is derived from massage during application.

A

Liniments

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12
Q

These are liquid preparations intended for application to the skin of mucus surfaces possessing antiseptic, astringent, caustic or analgesic properties.

A

Paints

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13
Q

Such as ___________ used by some equine practitioners for the astringent and counter irritant effects.

A

log paints

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14
Q

Preparations intended for dilution with water to make an insecticidal wash in which animals may be completely immersed in order to kill ectoparasites or to prevent reinfestation.

A

Dips

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15
Q

Suspensions of a powder dispersed in water and administered orally.

A

Drenches

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16
Q

Example of Drench

A

Phenothiazine drench

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17
Q

Dispersion of liquid droplets in a second immiscible liquid brought about by adding an emulsifying agent.

A

Emulsions

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18
Q

Example of Emulsion

A

soaps
cholesterol egg yolk

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19
Q

solutions carrying medicament intended for ophthalmic or otic administration

A

Drops

20
Q

These are usually topically applied aerosols elsewhere the medicament is forced out with a propellant mixture of gases.

A

Sprays

21
Q

It is usually sterile suspensions in fluid or semi fluid vehicle. Strict adherence to label instructions and withdrawal times is essential.

A

Intramammary injections

22
Q

These are semi-solid emulsions of polyethylene glycols, water miscible and are indicated on weeping lesions.

A

Cream

23
Q

Sterile pharmaceutal liquids or suspensions intended for parenteral administration by various routes.

A

Injections

24
Q

Advantages of injection

A
  • provide shorter onset of action
  • provide better control of the patient
  • provide a means of administration of rapidly biotrasformed drug ( epinephrine ) or poorly soluble drugs ( streptomycin ) in the GIT.
25
Q

Disadvantages of injection

A

*expensive
*painful
*animal must be returned for medication
*must be free from pyrogens, pH near blood if possible (7.4)
*oils should be of vegetable origin and bacteriostatic agent is usually required in multiple dose containers

26
Q

These are concentrated aqueous solutions of sugar with flavoring only (for use as vehicle) or with flavoring and medicinal ingredients, They have never been to practical use except for medication in dogs.

A

Syrups

27
Q

These are often used interchangeably with creams, immiscible with water, emollient in action by forming an occlusive film which prevents escape of moisture from the skin to the environment and are indicated for dry lessons.

A

Ointments

28
Q

It is a semisolid preparation used topically to carry medicaments intended to alleviate and inflamed area, supplying any or of the following: drugs, heat, and moisture.

A

Poultices (cataplasms)

29
Q

These are semisolid medications melting or softening at body temperature for insertion into a certain body orifices of the body (rectal, urethreal, etc.)

A

Suppositories

30
Q

It is a mixtures of drugs in dry powder form intended for internal or external use.

A

Powders

31
Q

These are generally defined as medicated solid masses of various sizes and shapes.

A

Tablets

32
Q

The are large tablets intended for oral or intrauterine administration.

A

Boluses

33
Q

These are gelatin shells which may be filled with solids (hard shells) or liquids (soft shells) drugs.

A

Capsules

34
Q

Most convenient form for oral administration.

A

Capsules

35
Q

Meant for continuous absorption of medical substances by the body and for this the pellets are implanted inside the body e.g hormone implants.

A

Implants

36
Q

Example of implants

A

Hormone implants

37
Q

It is sometimes called pellets are a modification of powders which have been lumped together to improved solubility or mask unpleasant taste.

A

Granules

38
Q

Is is a solid dosage form in which an active ingredient, such as a coccidiostat, production enhancer, or nutritional supplement is formulated with excipients.

A

Premix

39
Q

This is mixed homogeneously with feed at rates that range from a few milligrams to 200 g/ton of feed.

A

Premix

40
Q

A compressed feed material that contains an active ingredient such as anthelmintic, surfactant (for bloat prevention), or a nutritional supplement and is commonly packaged in a cardboard box.

A

Medicated block

41
Q

Intravaginal delivery systems

A
  1. Controlled internal drug release ( CIDR) devices
  2. Progesterone releasing intravaginal devices (PRID)
  3. Vaginal sponges
42
Q

These systems are used for estrus synchronization in sheep, goats and cattle.

A

Intravaginal delivery systems

43
Q

It is used in the manufacture of T- shaped CIDR device and the coiled shaped PRID.

A

Silicone

44
Q

Intravaginal sponges are made from what?

A

polyurethane

45
Q

26 Dosage forms of drugs

A

Boluses
Capsules
Cream
Dips
Drops
Drenches
Emulsions
Granules
Intramammary injections
Injections
Implants
Lotions
Liniments
Ointments
Powders
Premix
Paints
Poultices
Solutions
Suspensions
Sprays
Syrups
Suppositories
Tinctures
Tablets
Medicated Block

PHARMACOLOGY (5 decks)

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