DOSAGE FORMS (LIQUIDS pg 24-53) Flashcards
These are liquid preparations, that contain one or more chemical substances dissolved in a suitable solvent or mixture of mutually miscible solvents
SOLUTIONS
Advantages of solution dosage forms
- COMPLETELY HOMOGENOUS DOSES
- IMMEDIATE AVAILABILITY FOR ABSORPTION AND DISTRIBUTION
- PROVIDES A FLEXIBLE DOSAGE FORM
Solutions are mixture of mutually _________
MISCIBLE SOLVENT
Monophasic liquid dosage forms are represent by _____
TRUE OR COLLOIDAL SOLUTION
The component of the solution which is present in a large quantity is known as the
SOLVENT
It is the component present in small quantity
SOLUTE
List the descriptive terms of solubility
VERY SOLUBLE <1
FREELY SOLUBLE 1-10
SOLUBLE 10-30
SPARINGLY SOLUBLE 30-100
SLIGHTLY SOLUBLE 100-1000
VERY SLIGHTLY SOLUBLE 1000-10000
PRACTICALLY INSOLUBLE >10000
Types of solutions
- NON-STERILE SOLUTIONS
- STERILE SOLUTIONS
Types of non-sterile solutions
- SYRUPS
- ELIXIRS
- SPIRITS OR ESSENCES
- TINCTURES
- FLUIDEXTRACTS
- AROMATIC WATERS
- GARGLES & MOUTHWASH
- TOPICAL SOLUTIONS
- ENEMAS
- DOUCHES
- LINIMENTS
- COLLODIONS
Types of sterile solutions
- NASAL SOLUTION
- OTIC SOLUTION
- OPTHALMIC SOLUTION
- IRRIGATING SOLUTION
These are solutions containing high concentration of sucrose or other sugars
SYRUPS
Example of syrups
- CHERRY SYRUP (47%)
- COCOA SYRUP
- ORANGE SYRUP
- RASPBERRY SYRUP
A nearly saturated aqueous solution of sucrose (85% w/v)
SYRUP, NATIONAL FORMULARY (SIMPLE SYRUP)
They are inherently stable and resistant to the growth or microorganisms when properly prepared and maintained
SYRUP, NATIONAL FORMULARY (SIMPLE SYRUP)
Methods of preparing syrups
- SOLUTION WITH THE AID OF HEAT
- PERCOLATION
- RECONSTITUTION
- ADDITION OF SUCROSE TO MEDICATED OR FLAVORED LIQUID
- SOLUTION BY AGITATION WITHOUT THE AID OF HEAT
Importance of syrups
- IT RETARDS OXIDATION BECAUSE IT IS PARTLY HYDROLYZED INTO REDUCING SUGAR
- IT PREVENT DECOMPOSITION OF MANY VEGETABLE SUBSTANCE BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH OSMOTIC PRESSURE WHICH PREVENT THE GROWTH OF BACTERIA
- THEY ARE PALATABLE DUE TO SWEET TASTE
These are clear, pleasantly flavored sweetened hydroalcoholic solutions intended for oral use
ELIXIRS
Alcohol content of elixirs
5-40%
Aromatic elixir, National formulary ____% alc.
22%
Methods of preparing elixirs
- SOLUTION WITH AGITATION
- ADMIXTURE OF 2 OR MORE LIQUID INGREDIENT
These are alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of volatile substances
SPIRITS OR ESSENCES
Uses of spirits or essences
- FLAVORING AGENTS
- VEHICLE
Storage of spirits or essences
TIGHT, LIGHT-RESISTANT CONTAINERS
Alcohol content of spirits or essences
GENERALLY OVER 60%
These are alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions prepared from vegetable materials or from chemical substances
TINCTURES
Alcohol content of tinctures
15-80%
Preparation of tinctures
- MACERATION - PROCESS M
- PERCOLATION - PROCESS P
Examples of tinctures
- IODINE TINCTURE
- OPIUM TINCTURE
These are liquid preparations of vegetable drugs containing alcohol as solvent, preservative or both and so made that unless otherwise specified in an individual monograph
FLUIDEXTRACTS
Fluidextracts: each __ml contains __g of the standard drug
EACH 2 ML CONTAINS 1G OF THE STANDARD DRUG
Preparation of fluidextracts
PROCESS A, B/D, E
These are clear, aqueous solution saturated with volatile oils or other aromatic or volatile substances
AROMATIC WATERS
Aromatic waters are also known as
MEDICATED WATERS
Uses of aromatic waters
- FLAVORED VEHICLE FOR WATER SOLUBLE DRUGS
- AQUEOUS PHASE IN SOME EMULSIONS OR SUSPENSIONS
Storage of aromatic waters
TIGHT, LIGHT-RESISTANT BOTTLES
Methods of preparing aromatic waters
- SOLUTION OF THE AROMATIC SUBSTANCES WITH OR WITHOUT USE OF DISPERSING AGENT
- DISTILLATION
These are aqueous solution used for treating the pharynx and nasopharynx by forcing air from the lungs through the gargle which is held in the throat
GARGLE
These are aqueous solutions used for its deodorant, refreshing or antiseptic effect or for control of plaque
MOUTHWASH
Intended for topical application to the skin or mucous membranes
TOPICAL SOLUTIONS
Types of topical solutions
- SPRAYS
- ASTRINGENT
- TOPICAL ANTI-INFECTIVE
Locally applied solutions that constrict pores and precipitate proteins
ASTRINGENT
Examples of astringent
- ALUMINUM ACETATE
- ALUMINUM SUBACETATE
- CALCIUM HYDROXIDE