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PIPH FIN > DOSAGE FORMS (LIQUIDS pg 24-53) > Flashcards

DOSAGE FORMS (LIQUIDS pg 24-53) Flashcards

1
Q

These are liquid preparations, that contain one or more chemical substances dissolved in a suitable solvent or mixture of mutually miscible solvents

A

SOLUTIONS

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2
Q

Advantages of solution dosage forms

A
  • COMPLETELY HOMOGENOUS DOSES
  • IMMEDIATE AVAILABILITY FOR ABSORPTION AND DISTRIBUTION
  • PROVIDES A FLEXIBLE DOSAGE FORM
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3
Q

Solutions are mixture of mutually _________

A

MISCIBLE SOLVENT

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4
Q

Monophasic liquid dosage forms are represent by _____

A

TRUE OR COLLOIDAL SOLUTION

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5
Q

The component of the solution which is present in a large quantity is known as the

A

SOLVENT

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6
Q

It is the component present in small quantity

A

SOLUTE

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7
Q

List the descriptive terms of solubility

A

VERY SOLUBLE <1
FREELY SOLUBLE 1-10
SOLUBLE 10-30
SPARINGLY SOLUBLE 30-100
SLIGHTLY SOLUBLE 100-1000
VERY SLIGHTLY SOLUBLE 1000-10000
PRACTICALLY INSOLUBLE >10000

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8
Q

Types of solutions

A
  • NON-STERILE SOLUTIONS
  • STERILE SOLUTIONS
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9
Q

Types of non-sterile solutions

A
  • SYRUPS
  • ELIXIRS
  • SPIRITS OR ESSENCES
  • TINCTURES
  • FLUIDEXTRACTS
  • AROMATIC WATERS
  • GARGLES & MOUTHWASH
  • TOPICAL SOLUTIONS
  • ENEMAS
  • DOUCHES
  • LINIMENTS
  • COLLODIONS
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10
Q

Types of sterile solutions

A
  • NASAL SOLUTION
  • OTIC SOLUTION
  • OPTHALMIC SOLUTION
  • IRRIGATING SOLUTION
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11
Q

These are solutions containing high concentration of sucrose or other sugars

A

SYRUPS

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12
Q

Example of syrups

A
  • CHERRY SYRUP (47%)
  • COCOA SYRUP
  • ORANGE SYRUP
  • RASPBERRY SYRUP
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13
Q

A nearly saturated aqueous solution of sucrose (85% w/v)

A

SYRUP, NATIONAL FORMULARY (SIMPLE SYRUP)

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14
Q

They are inherently stable and resistant to the growth or microorganisms when properly prepared and maintained

A

SYRUP, NATIONAL FORMULARY (SIMPLE SYRUP)

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15
Q

Methods of preparing syrups

A
  • SOLUTION WITH THE AID OF HEAT
  • PERCOLATION
  • RECONSTITUTION
  • ADDITION OF SUCROSE TO MEDICATED OR FLAVORED LIQUID
  • SOLUTION BY AGITATION WITHOUT THE AID OF HEAT
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16
Q

Importance of syrups

A
  • IT RETARDS OXIDATION BECAUSE IT IS PARTLY HYDROLYZED INTO REDUCING SUGAR
  • IT PREVENT DECOMPOSITION OF MANY VEGETABLE SUBSTANCE BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH OSMOTIC PRESSURE WHICH PREVENT THE GROWTH OF BACTERIA
  • THEY ARE PALATABLE DUE TO SWEET TASTE
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17
Q

These are clear, pleasantly flavored sweetened hydroalcoholic solutions intended for oral use

A

ELIXIRS

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18
Q

Alcohol content of elixirs

A

5-40%

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19
Q

Aromatic elixir, National formulary ____% alc.

A

22%

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20
Q

Methods of preparing elixirs

A
  • SOLUTION WITH AGITATION
  • ADMIXTURE OF 2 OR MORE LIQUID INGREDIENT
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21
Q

These are alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of volatile substances

A

SPIRITS OR ESSENCES

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22
Q

Uses of spirits or essences

A
  • FLAVORING AGENTS
  • VEHICLE
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23
Q

Storage of spirits or essences

A

TIGHT, LIGHT-RESISTANT CONTAINERS

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24
Q

Alcohol content of spirits or essences

A

GENERALLY OVER 60%

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25
Q

These are alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions prepared from vegetable materials or from chemical substances

A

TINCTURES

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26
Q

Alcohol content of tinctures

A

15-80%

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27
Q

Preparation of tinctures

A
  • MACERATION - PROCESS M
  • PERCOLATION - PROCESS P
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28
Q

Examples of tinctures

A
  • IODINE TINCTURE
  • OPIUM TINCTURE
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29
Q

These are liquid preparations of vegetable drugs containing alcohol as solvent, preservative or both and so made that unless otherwise specified in an individual monograph

A

FLUIDEXTRACTS

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30
Q

Fluidextracts: each __ml contains __g of the standard drug

A

EACH 2 ML CONTAINS 1G OF THE STANDARD DRUG

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31
Q

Preparation of fluidextracts

A

PROCESS A, B/D, E

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32
Q

These are clear, aqueous solution saturated with volatile oils or other aromatic or volatile substances

A

AROMATIC WATERS

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33
Q

Aromatic waters are also known as

A

MEDICATED WATERS

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34
Q

Uses of aromatic waters

A
  • FLAVORED VEHICLE FOR WATER SOLUBLE DRUGS
  • AQUEOUS PHASE IN SOME EMULSIONS OR SUSPENSIONS
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35
Q

Storage of aromatic waters

A

TIGHT, LIGHT-RESISTANT BOTTLES

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36
Q

Methods of preparing aromatic waters

A
  • SOLUTION OF THE AROMATIC SUBSTANCES WITH OR WITHOUT USE OF DISPERSING AGENT
  • DISTILLATION
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37
Q

These are aqueous solution used for treating the pharynx and nasopharynx by forcing air from the lungs through the gargle which is held in the throat

A

GARGLE

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38
Q

These are aqueous solutions used for its deodorant, refreshing or antiseptic effect or for control of plaque

A

MOUTHWASH

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39
Q

Intended for topical application to the skin or mucous membranes

A

TOPICAL SOLUTIONS

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40
Q

Types of topical solutions

A
  • SPRAYS
  • ASTRINGENT
  • TOPICAL ANTI-INFECTIVE
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41
Q

Locally applied solutions that constrict pores and precipitate proteins

A

ASTRINGENT

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42
Q

Examples of astringent

A
  • ALUMINUM ACETATE
  • ALUMINUM SUBACETATE
  • CALCIUM HYDROXIDE
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43
Q

They are used to kill microorganisms when applied to the skin or mucus membranes

A

TOPICAL ANTI-INFECTIVE

44
Q

Examples of topical anti-infective

A
  • POVIDONE-IODINE
  • THIMEROSAL
  • HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
45
Q

These are solid dosage fors intended for insertion into body orifices where they melt, soften, or dissolve and exert local or systemic effects

A

SUPPOSITORIES

46
Q

Criteria for satisfactory suppository base

A
  • SHOULD BE INERT, NONIRRITATING AND NONSENSITIZING
  • SHOULD BE FIRM AND SHOULD NOT MELT AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
  • SHOULD DISSOLVE RAPIDLY IN THE CAVITY FLUID
47
Q

These are plastic masses containing gelatin, glycerin, water and an added medicinal substance such as zinc oxide

A

GLYCEROGELATINS

48
Q

Percentage of gelatin, glycerin, water, medicinal substance in glycerogelatins

A
  • GELATIN 15%
  • GLYCERIN 40%
  • WATER 35%
  • MEDICINAL SUBSTANCE 10%
49
Q

Example of glycerogelatins

A

ZINC GELATIN BOOT

50
Q

Glycerogelatin for varicose ulcer

A

ZINC GELATIN BOOT

51
Q

These are wounds that are thought to occur due to improper functioning of venous valves, usually of the legs

A

VARICOSE ULCERS

52
Q

Are semisolid preparations intended for application to the skin, and generally contain a larger proportion of solid material than ointments and therefor are stiffer

A

PASTES

53
Q

Example of pastes

A

ZINC OXIDE PASTE/LASSAR’S PLAIN ZINC PASTE

54
Q

Are semisolid preparation containing one or more medicinal agents dissolved or dispersed in either a W/O emulsion or an O/W emulsion or in another type of water-washable bases

A

CREAMS

55
Q

Example of creams

A

VANISHING CREAM

56
Q

It is an oil-in-water emulsion containing large percentage of water and stearic acid or other oleaginous component

A

VANISHING CREAM

57
Q

Are semisolid preparations intended for external application to the skin or mucous membranes

A

OINTMENTS

58
Q

Other names for ointments

A
  • UNGUENTS
  • CHRISMA
  • OCCULENTUM
59
Q

Uses of ointments

A
  • EMOLLIENTS - MAKE THE SKIN MORE PLIABLE
  • PROTECTIVE BARRIERS
  • VEHICLES - IN WHICH TO INCORPORATE MEDICATION
60
Q

Liquid dosage forms containing finely divided drug particles distributed somewhat uniformly throughout a vehicle in which the drug exhibits a minimum degree of solubility

A

SUSPENSIONS

61
Q

Suspensions particles have diameters for the most part ____

A

GREATER THAN 0.1 CM

62
Q

Purpose of suspension

A
  • SUSTAINING EFFECT
  • STABILITY
  • TASTE
63
Q

Is sometimes used for suspension in aqueous vehicles intended for oral

A

MILK

64
Q

Often used to describe suspensions or inorganic acids such as clay in water

A

MAGMA

65
Q

Are semisolid systems consisting of dispersions of small or large molecules in an aqueous liquid vehicle rendered jelly-like by the addition of a gelling-agent

A

GELS

66
Q

Are generally suspensions of solid materials in an aqueous vehicle

A

LOTION

67
Q

Is a biphasic liquid preparations containing two immiscible liquid

A

EMULSIONS

68
Q

Two immiscible liquids

A
  • CONTINUOUS PHASE
  • DISPERSED PHASE
69
Q

It is the liquid converted into minute globules

A

DISPERSED PHASE

70
Q

It is the liquid in which the globules are dispersed is called the

A

CONTINUOUS PHASE

71
Q

Other name for dispersed phase

A

INTERNAL PHASE

72
Q

Other name for continuous phase

A

EXTERNAL PHASE

73
Q

Rectal solution employed to evacuate the bowel influence the general system by absorption or to affect locally the site of disease

A

ENEMA

74
Q

Are aqueous solutions directed against a part or into a cavity of te body

A

DOUCHE

75
Q

It functions as a cleansing or antiseptic agents

A

DOUCHE

76
Q

Are frequently dispensed in the form o a powder with the directions for dissolving in a specified quantity of warm water

A

DOUCHE

77
Q

Other name for liniments

A

EMBROCATIONS

78
Q

These are nonaqueous alcoholic or oleaginous solutions of various medicinal substances intended to be rubbed on the skin

A

LINIMENTS

79
Q

Rubefacient, counterirritant or penetrating action

A

LINIMENT

80
Q

Are liquid preparations composed of pyroxylin dissolved in a nonaqueous solvent mixture usually composed of alcohol and ether

A

COLLODIONS

81
Q

AKA soluble gun cotton

A

PYROXYLIN

82
Q

It is produced through the action if nitric acid and sulfuric acid (3:1) on purified cotton

A

PYROXYLIN

83
Q

It is prepared by the addition of castor oil (3%) (for flexibility) and camphor (for water-proofing) (2%) to collodion

A

FLEXIBLE COLLODION

84
Q
  • are aqueous solutions designed to be administered to the nasal passages in drops or sprays
  • vehicle used is usually water, but a co-solvent system may be used
  • may contain preservatives, buffer, antioxidant, surfactant
A

NASAL SOLUTION

85
Q
  • are intended for installation into the ear
  • vehicle: water or glycerin, or co-solvent
  • may contain preservatives, buffer, antioxidants, viscosity agents and surfactants
A

OTIC SOLUTIONS

86
Q
  • sterile solutions used to wash or bathe surgical incisions, wounds or body tissues
  • should be labeled “Not for Injection” and “For Irrigation Only”
  • pH and isotonicity must be considered
A

IRRIGATING SOLUTION

87
Q
  • are sterile, pyrogen-free and particle-free solutions, suitably compounded and packaged for instillation into the eye
  • contains water, preservatives, buffer, antioxidants, tonicity adjustors, viscosity enhancers
  • pH = 7.4 or pH = 6.5 to 8.5
A

OPTHALMIC SOLUTION

88
Q

Injected through the skin or directly into the blood vessel, muscle, organ or tissue.

A

PARENTERAL SOLUTIONS

89
Q

Must conforms with strict requirements for microbiological impurity, particulate matter and
pyrogenicity

A

PARENTERAL SOLUTIONS

90
Q

____ and ____ must be given specially consideration in parenteral solutions

A

pH AND ISOTONICITY

91
Q

Routes of administration

A
  • Intradermal (ID) or Intracutaneous
  • Subcutaneous (SC or SQ)
  • Intramuscular (IM)
  • Intravenous (IV)
  • Intra-arterial
  • Intral-thecal
  • Intra-spinal
  • Epidural
92
Q

The liquid which consist of two phases are known as a

A

BIPHASIC LIQUID DOSAGE FORMS

93
Q

Biphasic liquid dosage forms are sub categorized into two different forms namely as

A
  • EMULSION
  • SUSPENSION
94
Q

Both phases are available in liquid

A

EMULSION

95
Q

Finely divided solid particles are suspended in liquid medium

A

SUSPENSION

96
Q

Tyoes of emulsion

A
  • OIL-IN-WATER (O/W)
  • WATER-IN-OIL (W/O)
  • MULTIPLE EMULSIONS
  • MICROEMULSIONS
97
Q
  • Oil is dispersed as droplets in an aqueous medium
  • Oral products and external, washable products
A

OIL-IN-WATER

98
Q
  • Water is dispersed as droplets in an oil or oleaginous medium
    -Used for external preparations when emollient, lubricating, or protective properties are desired
A

WATER-IN-OIL

99
Q

It appear translucent or transparent and have droplet diameter in the nanometer size range

A

MICROEMULSIONS

100
Q

Wet gum method

A
  • (WATER+EMULSIFIER) + OIL (SLOWLY)
  • O/W
101
Q

Dry gum method

A
  • (OIL+EMULSIFIER) + WATER (RAPIDLY)
  • 4:2:1 OIL + WATER +SURFACTANTS
102
Q

Bottle method

A
  • O:W:E (3,2,1) (2,1,1)
  • FOR VOLATILE OIL
103
Q

Nascent soap method

A
  • ALKALI + FA (50:30)
  • SOAP FORM AS EMULSIFIER
104
Q
A
105
Q
A

PIPH FIN (5 decks)

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