Dosage Forms And Routes Of Admin Flashcards
Dosage form
system or device for delivering the drug to the body
additives
additional formulation aids that may be necessary for a successful preparation of the dosage form
diluents
additives used to increase the bulk weight or volume of a dosage from so that the dose of the active drug is more easily handled by the patient
excipients
inactive substances used as a carrier for the active ingredients of a medication
preservatives
substances that retard, minimize, or prevent the growth of bacteria or other microorganism in the dosage form
size of capsules from largest to smallest
range from,000 (largest) to 5 (smallest)
Chewable tablets
designed to be chewed before swallowing
Enteric-coated (EC) tablets
tablets coated with a substance to prevent dissolution in the acid environment of the stomach, designed to dissolve in the intestine
Sublingual tablets
tablets designed to dissolve quickly under the tongue so the active ingredient is rapidly absorbed
Buccal tablets
designed to be placed between the cheek and gum where the drug dissolves slowly
Film-coated tablets
tablets coated with a thin layer of water-soluble that dissolves rapidly in the stomach
Effervescent tablets
tablets contain sodium bicarbonate and citric/tartaric acid so that when placed in liquid, an acid-base reaction causes carbon dioxide gas bubbles and releases the active drug
Pellet tablets
small, cylinder-shaped tablets meant for implantation beneath the skin
Vaginal tablets
designed to be inserted into the vagina, where it dissolves and the active drug is absorbed through the vaginal lining
Lozenges
hard, oval, or discoid solid dosage forms with a drug contained in a flavored sugar base
Suppositories
designed for insertion into the rectum, vaginal cavity, or urethral tract
Powders
finely ground mixtures of dry drugs and inactive ingredients which are sprinkled or dusted on the area to be treated
Granules
powders that are wetted, dried, and ground into course, irregular pieces
Douches
directed into a body cavity to remove debris or disinfect
Irrigations
used to wash eyes urinary bladder or open wounds
Enemas
introduced into the rectum to empty the bowel or treat disease
Gargles
solutions that treat diseases of the throat; not swallowed
Washes
used to cleanse or bathe a body part, such as eyes or mouth; not swallowed
Sprays
solutions delivered as a mist against the mucous membranes of the nose or mouth
Injection
sterile drug solution introduced beneath the skin, into the muscle or into the bloodstream
Syrups
concentrated mixture of sugar (or artificial sweetener) and drug; often used in pediatrics
Mucilages
thick, adhesive liquids containing pulpy components of vegetable matter
Hydro-alcoholic solutions include what solutions?
elixirs and tinctures
Elixirs
elixirs are sweetened with a pleasant taste, have good relative stability, and are easy to prepare; concentration of alcohol is usually 3-25%
Tinctures
tinctures are prepared from vegetable, animal, or chemical materials and have higher alcohol content than elixirs
Alcoholic solutions
contain no water because the drug is dissolved directly in ethyl alcohol
Emulsion
one liquid is broken into small particles and evenly scattered throughout the other
internal phase in emulsions
liquid present in small particles
external, or continuous, phase in emulsions
the liquid that was not broken into small particles
Suspensions
mixtures of very fine particles of an insoluble solid distributed through a gas, liquid, or solid
extended release forms
forms that deliver medication in a slow, controlled, and consistent manner, reducing risk of drug side effects
CD
controlled diffusion
CR
controlled (or continuous) release
CRT
controlled release tablet
LA
Long acting
SA
sustained action
SR
sustained (or slow) release
TD
Time delay
TR
time release
XL
extra long
XR
extended release
ointments
semisolid preparations used for external application to the skin or mucous membranes
creams
semisolid emulsions containing suspensions or solutions of drugs intended for external application
pastes
ointment-like preparations for external application that are usually stiffer, less greasy, and more hydrophilic than onitments
gels
two-phase system consisting of a solid internal phase diffused throughout a viscous liquid phase
Inhalers
contain solutions or suspensions of solid or liquid particles in gas or air
aerosols
suspensions of very fine liquid or solid drug particles in a gas propellant and packaged under pressure
intramuscular
injected into a large muscle, most common sites are the upper arm, thigh, or buttock
intradermal (ID)
into the top layer of skin
intra-arterial (IA)
into an artery
intra-articular
into a joint
Intracardiac (IC)
into the heart
intraperitoneal
into the abdominal cavity
intrapleural
into the sac surrounding the lung
intraventricular
into the cavities of the brain
intrathecal
into the space around the spinal cord
intravaginal
into the vagina
intraocular
into the eye
topical route of administration
refers to the application of a drug to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes
rectal route
provides access through the anus into the rectum; abbreviated PR (per rectum)
otic route
drugs administered through the ear canal; abbreviated by AD (right ear), AS (left ear), AU (both ears)
ophthalmic route
administration of the drug through the eye; abbreviated OD (right eye), OS (left eye), OU (both eyes)
