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HIT 241 PHARMACOLOGY > Dosage Forms, Abbreviations, Route of Administration > Flashcards

Dosage Forms, Abbreviations, Route of Administration Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 major categories of dosage forms?

A
  • solids
  • semisolids
  • liquids
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2
Q

Most tablets contain some type of filler. T/F

A

True

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3
Q

Fillers are inert substances (no active ingredients) that bind and . . .

A

fill space or cover the tablet with a sugar coating.

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4
Q

Tablets can be given in what 2 ways?

A
  • sublingually

- vaginally

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5
Q

Why are some tablets scored?

A

To cut the dosage in half, sometimes quarters.

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6
Q

What is enteric-coated aspirin?

A
  • will not upset the stomach (enteric)
  • won’t break down in the stomach (small intestine)
  • EC is not meant to be broken in two
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7
Q

Capsules and caplets are in a . . .

A
  • gelatin container
  • smooth and easier to swallow than tablets
  • hard or soft outer shell
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8
Q

A hard outer shell is made of . . .

A

gelatin, sugar, and water

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9
Q

A spansule is a capsule that can be pulled apart and

A

sprinkled on food for children

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10
Q

Implants are . . .

A
  • a type of capsule
  • set of 6 (progestin)
  • can be left in place for 5 years
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11
Q

Transdermal patches . . .

A
  • attached to the skin
  • releases medicine into the skin over time
  • eliminates stomach upset
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12
Q

Lozenges are . . .

A
  • meant to dissolve in the mouth (not swallowed)

- releases medicine slowly

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13
Q

Liquids can be administered by all routes. T/F

A

True

Ex: enemas, eye/ear products, topical skin solutions, and syrups

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14
Q

Syrups are . . .

A
  • in a sugar-based solution to improve medicine taste

- thicker than water

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15
Q

Elixirs are . . .

A
  • medicine dissolved in water or alcohol base
  • alcohol covers up the medicine taste
  • same consistency as water (Dimetapp DM)
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16
Q

Semisolids are usually . . .

A

topical.

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17
Q

Creams are . . .

A
  • base is part oil and part water
  • can be used topically, vaginally, or rectally
    Ex: Hydrocortisone 1% (OTC)
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18
Q

Lotions are . . .

A
  • thinner than creams
  • base has more water
    Ex: Jergens Lotion
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19
Q

Ointments are . . .

A
  • oil or petroleum-based
  • can be used topically, rectally, ophthalmically
    Ex: Preparation H (OTC) Hydrocortisone 2.5% (Rx)
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20
Q

Gels contain . . .

A

medication in a thick liquid.

Ex: Bullfrog Gel & Oragel (OTC)

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21
Q

Pastes are . . .

A

more solid than liquid.

Ex: Zinc Oxide paste (Rx)

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22
Q

Suppositories . . .

A
  • rectally and vaginally
  • fast-acting
  • don’t upset the stomach
    Ex: Miconazole
23
Q

Name the 6 routes of administration:

A
  • by mouth or oral
  • sublingual tablet
  • buccal tablet
  • rectal
  • topical
  • parenteral
24
Q

The oral route of administration is . . .

A

convenient.

25
Q

To use the sublingual route of administration you . . .

A

place the tablet under the tongue (nitro) where it is very quickly absorbed.

26
Q

To use the buccal route of administration you . . .

A

place the medication between the cheek and gum, where it is released quickly.

27
Q

Regarding the rectal route of administration . . .

A
  • fast-acting

- most people are not comfortable taking suppositories

28
Q

The topical route of administration . . .

A
  • treats rashes

- can also be used systemically with transdermal patches (hormonal, smoking cessation)

29
Q

The parenteral route of administration involves what 3 types?

A
  • IV - intravenous
  • IM - intramuscular
  • subq - subcutaneous
  • IV is the most common.
30
Q

Parenteral means . . .

A

“outside of intestine” - not given by mouth.

Ex: insulin

31
Q

What is a disadvantage for parenterals?

A

Increased risk of infection

32
Q

Are inhalants very effective?

A

Yes, if used properly and shaken before use.

33
Q

Some doctors use eye solutions to treat ear conditions does that mean that ear solutions can be used to treat eye conditions?

A

No. Because the eye is sterile, ear solutions cannot be used to treat eye conditions.

34
Q

p.o.

A

by mouth (per os)

35
Q

IV

A

intravenous

36
Q

IM

A

intramuscular

37
Q

o.s.

A

left eye

38
Q

o.d.

A

right eye

39
Q

o.u.

A

each eye

40
Q

a.s.

A

left ear

41
Q

a.d.

A

right ear

42
Q

a.u.

A

each ear

43
Q

p.r.n.

A

when necessary/as needed

44
Q

b.i.d.

A

twice daily

45
Q

t.i.d.

A

three times daily

46
Q

q.i.d.

A

four times daily

47
Q

h.s.

A

at bedtime (hour of sleep)

48
Q

q.

A

every

49
Q

q.o.d.

A

every other day

50
Q

mg

A

milligrams

51
Q

mcg

A

micrograms (funny backwards u)

52
Q

n.p.o.

A

nothing by mouth (nothing per os)

53
Q

o.d.

A

once daily —- usually q.d. every day

54
Q

mEq

A

milliequivalent

HIT 241 PHARMACOLOGY (1 decks)

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