Dosage Forms

Question 1

Powder (solid)

Answer 1

mixture of drugs packed in packets or sachets.

Question 2

Tablet (solid)

Answer 2

active drug combined with a binder and excipient.

mixture compressed into tablets by machine.

Question 3

Enteric-coated tablets

Answer 3

irritant tablets that are destroyed by gastric acid that are coated with salol or other substances.

Insoluble in stomach acid but dissolve in alkaline small intestine.

Question 4

Pill (solid)

Answer 4

mixture of drugs and a sticky binder in the form of ovoid or spherical mass, which is provided by glazed sugar coating.

Question 5

Capsule (solid)

Answer 5

is a container made of mixture of gelatin and glycerin ands is suitable for drugs in powdered form and certain liquid drugs.

Question 6

Bolus (solid)

Answer 6

Large and cylindrical in shape. It is used for horses and cattle.

Question 7

Mixture (liquid)

Answer 7

is an aqueous solution or suspension intended for oral administration.

Aromatic water (aqueous solution of a volatile oil such as peppermint or cinnamon) is added to prevent contamination with bacteria or mold.

Question 8

Pessary (solid)

Answer 8

conical solid preparation for intravaginal use in humans.

Question 9

Suppository

Answer 9

is a conical solid preparation given intrarectally for systemic effect in humans.

It melts and releases its active ingredients after being introduced into the body.

Question 10

Paste (semisolid)

Answer 10

semisolid preparation for either external use (on the skin) or internal use.

Question 11

Electuary (semisolid)

Answer 11

semisolid preparation, often sweetened for palatability with honey or other sugary substances.

Can be applied into the mouth or in the back of the tongue for systemic effect.

Question 12

Tincture (liquid)

Answer 12

is an alcoholic preparation of a nonvolatile substance either for external or internal use.

Question 13

Spirit (liquid)

Answer 13

an alcoholic preparation of a volatile substance.

Question 14

Suspension

Answer 14

aqueous suspension of solids and usually contains a dispersing agent to delay settling.

The bottle should contain the phrase “shake well before us”

Question 15

Syrup

Answer 15

is a solution of medicinal agents, flavoring and coloring agents in an 85% sucrose solution (more than 50% sucrose)

Question 16

Elixir

Answer 16

hydroalcoholic solution of medicinal agents that have been sweetened and flavored.

It has a better keeping quality than a mixture because of high alcohol content.

Question 17

Emulsion

Answer 17

consist of oily substance dispersed in an aqueous medium with an emulsifying or a dispersing agent (gum acacia or methylcelullose)

Question 18

Extract

Answer 18

obtained by passing the solvent over the dried plant material (percolation) then evaporation of the solvent, or placing the crude material in the solvent until the active substances are extracted (maceration).

If cold or warm water is used it is called infusion.

If boiling water is used it is called decoction.

Question 19

Injections

Answer 19

sterile solutions or suspensions in an aqueous (sometimes an oil vehicle).

They are heat sterilized or filtered through Millipore filters.

Also can be packed in aseptic vials and reconstituted with sterile water immediately before injecting.

Question 20

Liniment (liquid or semisolid)

Answer 20

liquid or semisolid preparation to be applied on the skin with friction (rubbing); this generally contains counterirritants used in the chronic inflammation of muscles and tendons.

Question 21

Lotion

Answer 21

solution or suspension of soothing substances to be applied on the skin in acute inflammation to relieve pain.

Question 22

Ointment (semisolid)

Answer 22

semisolid greasy preparation in which the drug is dissolved or dispensed in a suitable base.

Question 23

Cream

Answer 23

incorporates a drug in water-oil emulsion; water will evaporate following application, leaving the drug and a thin film of oil on the skin.

Question 24

Dusting powder

Answer 24

is a mixture of drugs in powder form for external use such as talc or starch as adsorbents.

Question 25

Aerosol (gas or vapor)

Answer 25

a drug incorporated in a suitable solvent and packed under pressure with a propellant such as fluorinated hydrocarbon or nitrogen.