Dorset

Question 1

Populations (4)

Answer 1

B = 1200
H = 1400
SP = 650
W = 1200

Question 2

What’s the area liked (2)

Answer 2

Low lying = vulnerable to flooding
Rural area with small settlements

Question 3

Where is it located

Answer 3

East coast of Norfolk on the North Sea

Question 4

Rate of erosion (2)

Answer 4

2m a year
250m lost 1500-1850

Question 5

Coastal flooding effect

Answer 5

1953 flood claimed 53 lives

Question 6

Coastal processes (3)

Answer 6

Erosion = hydraulic action + Corrasion
Weathering + mass M + landslides
Longshore drift = southward

Question 7

Future impacts on coast

Answer 7

Rising sea levels + increased intensity of storms = increased erosion

Question 8

Geology (3+)

Answer 8

Cliffs formed from layers of soft unconsolidated sedimentary rocks = boulder clay
Cliffs undercut by wave action
Cliffs very vulnerable to cliff slumping

Question 9

Traditional coastal management (2+)

Answer 9

1950s = groynes, riprap and wooden revetments = protect cliffs from erosion at H
Since the 1990s most of these have not been maintained

Question 10

SMP6 how more sustainable (5+)

Answer 10

Environmentally sustainable
Economically justifiable
Socially acceptable
Holistic and integrated
Covers the next 100 years – taking into account rising costs

Question 11

Why traditional preach unsustainable (4+)

Answer 11

The cost of maintaining the defences would have been too high given:
Geology of the coast – the glacial till cliffs were rapidly eroding.
The sizable fetch and North Sea storms = large destructive waves = erosion
Frequent storm surges + rising sea levels led to an increased flood risk

Question 12

Main stakeholders in SMP6 (3+)

Answer 12

The Environment Agency
North Norfolk District Council
Local councils + Regional Coastal groups

Question 13

Outline and explain the current management strategy for Bacton (3+)

Answer 13

Hold the line through hard engineering strategies
The gas terminal is of national and international importance and the soft rocks make it vulnerable to erosion
The sea walls will be maintained, and new riprap and groynes will be installed

Question 14

How will the strategy at Bacton impact other areas along the coast?

Answer 14

Trapping sediment at Bacton will increase the rate of erosion further south

Question 15

Outline and explain the current management strategy for Happisburgh (3-)

Answer 15

Managed retreat
Flood risk is minimal given the higher relief here
Although rates of erosion are high population is relatively low + value of the farmland is low

Question 16

Outline the impact of managed retreat on residents (4)

Answer 16

Financial loss
Plummeting house prices
Loss of land + property
Distress

Question 17

What support has been offered to residents in Happisburgh? (3)

Answer 17

Legal advice
Redevelopment funds
Planning + architectural services

Question 18

Outline and explain the current management strategy for Sea Palling (3)

Answer 18

Hold the line in the short and medium term
Managed retreat in the longer term
Monitor the extent and impact of saltwater intrusion on Broadland

Question 19

Initial plan for sea palling (2+)

Answer 19

Advance the line with 9 offshore reefs = abandoned due to the high cost = 16 million
Also starved other areas = winterton

Question 20

Figures that illustrate the economic importance of Broadland/Norfolk Broads to the local economy

Answer 20

Over 7 million tourists visitors a year contributing £400 million to the local economy

Question 21

Outline and explain the current management strategy for Winterton (3+)

Answer 21

Do nothing
Additional offshore barriers at Sea Palling were cancelled due to the increased erosion at Winterton
The sand dunes are an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) and A Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI).

Question 22

Outline limitations of SMP6 (4+)

Answer 22

Ill feeling amongst coastal communities = left to fend for themselves
Some environmentally valuable areas such as the sand dunes at Winterton have been protected although their economic benefits are not obvious to locals
SMP6 does not factor in compensation to local people
The plan does not consider inland areas that are intrinsically linked to the coast

Question 23

How much of the Environment Agency’s budget is allocated to coastal defences?

Answer 23

5%