Doping Flashcards
What is doping?
use and abuse of substances to increase performance
why are drugs used? (8)
- stimulants
- build muscle + bones
- recovery
- relaxants (beta-blockers)
- mask drug used (diuretics)
- reduce weight (diuretics)
- oxygen delivery
- mask pain
what are the effect of moderate caffeine intake?
increases mood and cardiovascular system (increases BP)
what are the side effects of caffeine?
insomnia, irritability, nervousness, tachycardia, arrhythmias, death
What is the mechanism of caffeine?
it increases cAMP through GPCR
=> translocation of Ca = neuromuscular availability
what is the chemical structure of caffeine?
it is a methylxanthine = purine metabolites
why beta-blockers are used?
it blocks the beta-receptors in heart = decreased BP and cardiac arrhythmia = reduces anxiety, jitters and slows the heart rate
What is the indirect and direct way for GH doping?
indirect = stimulating GH axis by GnRH and vasopressin direct = GH or IGF recombinant
why GH doping is used?
growth, dev of energy system, bone and muscle
can GH be tested?
no because hard to differentiate endogenous from exogenous GH
what is epo?
a hormone released by kidneys that stimulates RBC synthesis in bone marrow when low hematocrit
why EPO tx is used in the medical field?
to treat anemia
why EPO is used in sports?
to increase oxygen-carrying capacity
what is blood doping?
blood is taken out of athlete to increase RBC synthesis and froze then transfuse to increase oxygen carrying capacity
what are the use of hormone replacement?
treat menopause, TH, insulin for diabetes, GH
