Donor Eligibility

Question 1

whatWhich of the blood donors listed below is acceptable to donate allogeneic whole blood?

a. 15 year old male, Weight 110 lbs, HCT 36%, Oral Temp 38C
b. 45 year old female, pregnancy 12 months prior, HCT 38%, Oral Temp 37.2C
c. 60 year old male, weight 185 lbs, HCT 32%, Oral Temp 37C
d. 25 year old female, last WB Wb donation 6 weeks ago, HCT 39%, Oral Temp 37C

Answer 1

Correct Response is : B 45 year old female, pregnancy 12 months prior, HCT 38%, Oral Temp 37.2C

Donor 1 is deferred because he is too young

Donor 3 has a HCT below the minimum range of 38%

Donor 4 has not waited long enough before donating. Whole Blood donations should be at least 8 weeks apart.

Age, vital signs, HCT, pregnancy history are all quesions designed to protect the DONOR

Question 2

What is the deferral period for a potential blood donor who received the Rubella vaccine?

a. 48 hours
b. 2 weeks
c. 4 weeks
d. 1 year

Answer 2

The correct answer is 4 weeks.

There can be some confusion between Rubella and Rubeola vaccines. Rubeola is the “ordinary measles” and the deferral period is only 2 weeks.

For Rubella (German Measles), the deferral period is 4 weeks because the vaccine incorporations an attenuated live virus (attenuated means a chemically weakend form of the virus).

Many donors will not know the difference, so if there is a question, just go with the 4 week deferral. In addition, it is more common to vaccinate using the MMR vaccine (measles, mumps, rubella) which is a 4 week deferral.

On the SBB exam, be sure to know the difference between Rubeola and Rubella.

Question 3

Rubella vs Rubeola

Answer 3

Rubella = German Measles
- Four week deferral after vaccination

Rubeola = Measles
- Two week deferral after vaccination

Question 4

What is the defferal period for a potential donor who obtained a tattoo?

a. 48 hours
b. 2 weeks
c. 4 weeks
d. 12 months

Answer 4

The corrrect answer is 12 months. The reason for the deferral is that there is a risk of contracting and transmitting Hepatitis from receiving tattoos.Waiting 12 affords us the opportunity to detect viral markers for Hepatitis, if the individual contracted it during the tattoo procedure. . See the chart below for timelines of viral marker emergence. We will study Hepatitis more in the viral marker session, but I include this just for more complete picture of what is happening.

Question 5

A potential donor states that he had malaria, and now has been asymptomatic for 2 years. Is this an acceptable donor?

a. Yes
b. No-deferred for 3 years after he is asymptomatic
c. No-deferred for 5 years after he is asymptomatic
d. No-permanently deferred

Answer 5

Correct answer: Deferred for 3 years.

Donors who have had Malaria are deferred for 3 years AFTER they become asymptomatic. This is not the same as 3 years after being diagnosed.

Question 6

A 35-year-old female is being interviewed for suitability as a whole blood donor, and states that she ingested aspirin 4 days ago. What should the phlebotomist do?

a. Defer the donor
b. Accept the donor, but tell the component production lab NOT to make platelets from this donation.
c. Accept the donor, but tell the component production lab to label the platelets as “not for single use”
d. Accept the donor and make components as usual. No special labeling is required

Answer 6

Correct answer is to accept the donor and make components as usual.

The rational here is that aspirin and aspirin containing compounds can have an adverse effect on platelet function, by preventing the release of pro-coagulant compounds. It does not totally incapacitate the platelets, but we don’t want to use the platelets as a single unit transfusion. It would be fine to use affected platelets in a pool of platelets, or if multiple units are being transfused simultaneously, but not as a “sole source” of platelets.

So for whole blood donors, individuals who have ingested aspirin or aspirin containing compounds within the past 48 hours are acceptable to donate, but if platelets are prepared, the unit must be labeled “Not For Single Use Transfusion” or similar verbiage.

Some facilities may opt not to make platelets at all from these donors to reduce the chance of labeling and transfusion errors.

Platelets Pheresis donors would of course be deferred if the ingestion was in the past 48 hours.

Question 7

Females who have had recent pregnancy are deferred for:

a. 4 weeks from the end of the pregnancy
b. 6 weeks from the end of the pregnancy
c. 8 weeks from the end of the pregnancy
d. 6 months from the end of the pregnancy

Answer 7

Female donors are deferred for 6 weeks after the pregnancy ends. This is for the protection of the donor.

Question 8

45-year-old male attempts to donate as an allogeneic donor and states that he donated a unit of double red cells by apheresis 8 weeks ago. What should the phlebotomist do?

a. Accept the donor.
b. Defer the donor for 2 more weeks
c. Defer the donor for 8 more weeks
d. Defer the donor for 11 more months

Answer 8

Correct: Defer the donor for 8 more weeks

Blood donors who give WB, plateletspheresis or plasmapheresis are deferred for 8 weeks. Donors who give a double red cell via aphersis are deferred for 16 weeks. This is to protect the donor against excessive blood loss. The rationale is that giving one unit of blood would defer the person for 8 weeks, so giving two units of blood would defer the person for 16 weeks. The “8 week” guideline was chosen because the average adult human replenishes the pint lost in donation in an 8 week period.

Question 9

You are a phlebotomist and notice that during the whole blood donation, your whole blood donor is pale, sweating, and appears nervous. According to the AABB, which of the following is the most appropriate action to take?

a. Stop the donation
b. Begin talking to the donor to engage him in conversation.
c. Have him begin taking TUMS orally for calcium replenishment
d. Have him inhale smelling salts.

Answer 9

Correct: STOP THE DONATION

The AABB Technical Manual states “In the case of a vasovagal reaction, phlebotomy should be stopped….”

Some facilities may opt to continue in the case of an autologous donor. These are the signs of a mild donor reaction. Most of the donor reactions we observe are mild in nature, and are caused by anxiety over the blood donation process. Engaging the donor in conversation, and lying him back and elevating his feet are typically enough to calm the donor and allow the donation to proceed. If you see that your donor is anxious even before the donation begins, make it a point to pay special attention to him and talk to him to keep him calm. If you opt to do this, be sure to have an SOP and a medical director approval for the donation.

Question 10

A blood donor states that he is recently divorced because he found out that his wife was working as a prostitute. You should:

a. Defer the donor permanently
b. Defer the donor for 12 months from the date of his last sexual contact with his ex-wife
c. Accept the donor-he is no longer married
d. Defer the donor for 3 years

Answer 10

Defer the donor for 12 months from the date of his last sexual contact with his ex-wife

High risk behaviors put the donor at risk for transmitting viral diseases. The current recommendations are that the donor is deferred for 12 months from the last date of sexual contact with the high risk individual. The rational is that by the 12 month time, viral markers will be detectable in the serum of infected individuals.

Question 11

Review the donor criteria below. Select the question that is asked in order to protect the donor from being harmed by the donation process.

a. Has the donor received Hepatitis B Immune Globulin?
b. Has the donor had any chest pains or shortness of breath?
c. Has the donor traveled out of the country?
d. Has the donor lived in Africa?

Answer 11

Correct: Has the donor had any chest pains or shortness of breath?

The other questions are designed to protect the RECIPIENT. HBIg suggests that a blood exposure occurred and should be evaluated to determine the deferral period. Travelling out of the county may involve visits to areas where Malaria or other infectious diseases are present. Living in or visiting Africa may put the donor at risk for HIV O

Question 12

With the addition of pilot tubes, donors who weigh 110 lbs (50kg) may donate the following maximum amount of whole blood

With the addition of pilot tubes, donors who weigh 110 lbs (50kg) may donate the following maximum amount of whole blood

a. 400ml
b. 450ml
c. 500ml
d. 525ml

Answer 12

Correct: 525ml.

Blood Collection volume is determine by what is safe for the donor to give, the ratio of blood to antiboagulant, and the size of the collection bag

standard 5.4.1A permits collection of 10.5 mL of blood/kg of the donor’s weight for each donation including the blood unit and all samples for testing.

Thus, a donor weight 110lbs (the minimum weight requirement) would be calculated below…

1kg= 2.2lbs

110lb x 1kg/2.2lbs = 50 kg x 10.5 mL/kg= 525mL the max allowable volume to be collected from a whole blood donor

Question 13

A donor is giving whole blood and loses consciousness. Which of the actions below should be taken in this event?
  a. Stop the donation
  b. Elevate the donor's feet
  c  Document the reaction
  d. All of the above

Answer 13

Correct: All of the above

This is considered a severe reaction to donation, and the process must be immediately stopped and the donor cared for. If you can’t revive the donor, then emergency medical help must be obtained. The donor reaction must be documented on the donor record. If the blood collection was adequate (either a minimum of 405ml or 450ml, depending on the blood bag used, then the unit may be used). The alternative name for this type of reaction is VASOVAGAL.

Question 14

To ensure trackability and traceability of a collected unit, a unique identifying number should be applied to:
 a.  donor history record
  b. primary collection bag
  c. all pilot tubes
  d  all of the above

Answer 14

Correct: ALL OF THE ABOVE

Blood Units must be labeled in a way so that every step of the production is identified. The purpose of labeling all these items is to provide both trackability and traceablily. Trackability means that you can follow the path of production. In this case, the path of production would be the donor, the interview, the collection, the component production, the testing, the labeling and the storage. Traceability means that you can identify all the materials and reagents used to produce the blood components.

For example,I acheive trackability when I label the tubes for the samples for testing with the blood donor ID number. This affords me the ability to see which tests were done and link those tests to the donor record and ultimately to the components produced. I achieve traceability when I am able to identify which instruments were used for testing, the lot numbers of reagents used, the date the testing was done, the QC of the testing batch, etc.

Question 15

A 35-year-old nurse received Hepatitis B Immune Globulin, one week ago after a needlestick. He is eligible to donate blood;

a. today
b. in three more weeks
c. 6 months from date of injection
d. 12 months from date of injection

Answer 15

12 months from date of injection

HBIG is associated with risk of viral marker transmission. Waiting 12 months will allow any viral markers present to rise to detectable levels

Question 16

A donor states that he had jaundice when he was a baby. What is the correct deferral period for this donor?

a. 12 months
b. indefinite deferral
c. 10 years from date of last positive Hepatitis test
d. none-the donor is acceptable

Answer 16

none-the donor is acceptable

Neonatal jaundice is not cause for deferral. If you ask the donor if they have ever had Hepatitis, and they have had it after their 11th birthday, then they are deferred.

Question 17

Which statement below reflects the AABB requirement for informed consent for blood donation?

a. informed consent is recommended, not required
b. informed consent may be given orally
c. Written informed consent may be obtained after the donation is completed
d. Written informed consent is obtained prior to phlebotomy

Answer 17

Correct: Written informed consent is obtained prior to phlebotomy

Like any other medical procedure, informed consent must be documented BEFORE the donation takes place.

Question 18

A 25 year old woman is admitted to the hospital for a procedure and she recruited directed donors to provide blood for her. Of the statements below, which one is true concerning directed donors?

a. Directed donors screening is abbreviated compared to routine allogeneic donor interviews and testing, but the labeling is the same.
b. Directed donors screening is the same as that of Autologous donors.
c. For this particular patient, the BEST donor would be her husband.
d. Directed donors are screened and tested in the same fashion as routine allogeneic donors.

Answer 18

Correct: Directed donors are screened and tested in the same fashion as routine allogeneic donors.

Directed donors must be screened, questioned and tested according to all of the requirements and procedures that apply to routine volunteer allogeneic donors. This is because the units may be released and used for other patients if the intended recipient does not need them.

Question 19

The FDA has established absolute minimum and maximum requirements for blood donors to qualify for donation. Match the appropriate value to each category which apply to ALLOGENEIC donation only.

Minimum donor weight (lbs):
Minimum blood pressure (systolic):
Maximum blood pressure (diastolic):
Maximum temperature (degrees Celcius):
Minimum hematocrit (%) -female

Answer 19

min weight-110

min systolic bp-90

max diastolic bp-100

max temp (C)-37.5

min hct-38

Question 20

A person who takes a week-long vacation to a country where malaria is present is deferred from donating blood for how long?

a. 1 year if the person took anti-malaria prophylaxis
b. 1 year if the person had symptoms of malaria
c. 1 year regardless of symptoms or prophylaxis
d. 3 years if the person is bitten by mosquitos
e. no defferal unless in a high risk area for more than 24 hours

Answer 20

no defferal unless in a high risk area for more than 24 hours

This is the correct answer! Being in a country where malaria is present is not enough to cause a deferral, unless the person is actually in the area of the country where the CDC defines a high risk for malaria for more than 24 hours.

Question 21

According to Dr. Mary Townsend in this week’s podcast, higher concern with attenuated vaccines are primarily because:

a. these types of vaccines are living organisms which have lost potency
b. these types of vaccines pose a CJD risk
c. these types of vaccines are not FDA approved

Answer 21

answer: these types of vaccines are living organisms which have lost potency

the attenuated vaccines in general do not pose a risk of CJD and are most often FDA approved. THe main concern is that the organism is living.

Question 22

Females who have had recent pregnancy are deferred for:
a. 4 weeks from the end of pregnancy
b. 6 weeks from the end of pregnancy
c. 8 weeks from the end of pregnancy
d. 6 months weeks from the end of pregnancy

Answer 22

6 weeks from the end of pregnancy

Question 23

A donor reveals during the private interview that they have a history of Psoriasis and use Soriatane as a treatment. How long would this donor be deferred from donating blood products?

Answer 23

3 years

Question 24

A new college student presents to donate blood and annotates they received vaccinations recently. upon investigation during the private interview process, it was discovered that the donor received the varicella-zoster vaccination on August 3rd. Today is September 11th. How long is the donor deferred?

Answer 24

No deferral

Question 25

Of the inquiries related to blood donation, which of the questions below are asked to protect the donor? a. Have you ever received a dura mater graft or xenotransplantation product? b. in the past 8 weeks have you had vaccinations or any shots? c. Have you ever had any problems with your heart or lungs? d. In the past 12 months have you received a blood transfusion?

Answer 25

Have you ever had any problems with your heart or lungs?

Question 26

24 units of whole blood are collected at a mobile blood drive. They are placed into an igloo cooler, and transported to the component production laboratory for RBC production. When the units arrive, the igloo temperature is 18C. Which statement below represents the BEST course of action for these components? a. make RBCs b. quarantine all blood products and contact the supervisor c. make platelets d. discard all the whole blood units

Answer 26

Correct: Make RBCs. AABB standards require a validated method to cool blood continuously toward 1-10C if transported from collection site. While there is no mandated temperature with which the components should be deemed acceptable upon arrival, an inspector of a blood collection facility would be more concerned with asking questions such as How is blood stored and transported to ensure the integrity of the components to be manufactured? What components does your facility make from whole blood units? What is the process for qualifying the containers in use? Take note that there are also requirements in place to cool products to a certain temperature within a particular time frame (for example, RBCs must be refrigerated between 1-6C within 8 hrs of collection) Thus, the above scenario, assuming all approved standard operating procedures of the facility are met, would allow for the production of RBCs. There is no evidence to suggest the whole blood was handled or processed inappropriately.

Question 27

Jane Doe and John Doe are married by law. Jane is a 65 year old retired nurse and requires a preoperative transfusion of RBCs . Jane has selected John to donate a directed blood product. During the initial questioning stage of the donation, Jane claims John is 'compatible' with her. During the donor interview process John states he has had 4 male sex partners in the past 12 months and that his wife is informed and accepting of his lifestyle choices. Jane also brings a consent form to the donor interview with a written statement indicating that she is aware of her husband's sexual partners. This consent is also signed by the patient's physician. Select the statement below that represents the best course of action for this situation. a. defer the donor b. accept the donor since there is documented consent from the wife and the physician c. obtain approval from the collection facility medical director and, while waiting, draw the donor d.consult with the risk management department of the collection facility

Answer 27

Correct: defer the donor Remember that directed donors are allogeneic donors and as such have to meet all established criteria for routine volunteer whole blood donors. It does not matter if the patient is insistent and will accept her husband as a donor, we are prohibited by the FDA from drawing his unit for use as an allogeneic donation. When we study autologous donors in an upcoming session you will see that we can make exceptions to the routine donor suitability rules because the patient is receiving her own blood. The last two options are to consult the MD and/or risk management dept. While these two steps could be feasible, they are not the best and correct answer. Our first consult would be the FDA and/or AABB standards which would direct you to the provided answer.

Question 28

Which of the blood donors below is acceptable to donate as a volunteer allogeneic blood donor? a. donor 1: 35 year old female, No previous pregnancies HCT = 37%, Oral Temp = 37C, Meds= oral birth control pills, Received measles vaccine 5 weeks ago. b. donor 2: 60 year old male, Hgb = 13.5 g/dl, received a tattoo during a spiritual ceremony while traveling in Thailand 10 months ago, last sexual contact with another male 2 years ago. c. donor 3: 28 year old male police officer who states he arrested an offender 8 months ago who spit blood in the donor's mouth. Donor states he received the Hepatitis B Immune globulin as a precaution right after the event and that his HBsAg test is currently negative. d. donor 4: 25 year old female, Hct = 38%, oral temp = 37.2C, miscarriage 10 weeks ago

Answer 28

Correct: 25 year old female, Hct = 38%, oral temp = 37.2C, miscarriage 10 weeks ago The best way to approach these problems are to go through each description and rule out. 1. The min age for donating is 16, there is no max.. all donors meet age requirements 2. HGB/HCT... male acceptable >13 g/dL--> Hct= Hgbx3 --> >39% female>12.5 g/dL--> Hct= Hgbx3 --> >37.5% donor 1 eliminated 3. Key concerns with remaining donors donor 2 tattoo less than 12 months ago in facility with unknown needle safety precautions. donor 3 Hep B immunoglobulin recipients deferred for 12 months. donor 3 eliminated donor 4 miscarriage? In the past 6 weeks, have you been pregnant or are you pregnant now? Female donors should be temporarily deferred or 6 weeks following termination of pregnancy [including delivery of newborn]. Exceptions can be made by the blood bank medical director for an autologous donation if complications are anticipated or delivery. A first-trimester or second- trimester abortion or miscarriage is not cause for deferral. A 12 month deferral would apply if the woman received a transfusion during her pregnancy.

Question 29

Based on the initial screening requirements for allogeneic whole blood donation, which person below is eligible to donate? a. Jerry- 34 y/o male, feeling well, BP 160/85, pulse 80, 200 lbs, temp 99.7 F, Hbg 14.5 g/dL b. Elaine- 50 y/o female, feeling well, BP 90/45, pulse 65, 140 lbs, temp 98.9 F, Hgb 12.5 g/dL c. George- 85 y/o male, feeling well, BP 125/80, pulse 55, 160 lbs, temp 99.2 F, Hgb 12.5 g/dL d. Susan- 72 y/o female, feeling well, BP 120/75, pulse 50, 132 lbs, temp 98.8 F, Hgb 13.0 g/dL

Answer 29

Correct: Susan- 72 y/o female, feeling well, BP 120/75, pulse 50, 132 lbs, temp 98.8 F, Hgb 13.0 g/dL Incorrect (see bolded): Jerry- 34 y/o male, feeling well, BP 160/85, pulse 80, 200 lbs, temp 99.7 F, Hbg 14.5 g/dL Elaine- 50 y/o female, feeling well, BP 90/45, pulse 65, 140 lbs, temp 98.9 F, Hgb 12.5 g/dL George- 85 y/o male, feeling well, BP 125/80, pulse 55, 160 lbs, temp 99.2 F, Hgb 12.5 g/dL Age acceptable range: 16- no max General condition of donor: must feel well at time of donation pulse acceptable range: 50-100 BP acceptable range: 90-180/50-100 Weight acceptable range: 110- no max Temp acceptable range: max 37.5 C (99.5F) Hgb acceptable range: min 12.5 F and 13 for M

Question 30

What is the deferral period for a potential blood donor who received the Varicella Zoster vaccine? a. 48 hours b. 2 weeks c. 4 weeks d. 1 year

Answer 30

b. 2 weeks

Question 31

What is the deferral period for a potential blood donor who received the Typhoid vaccine? a. 48 hours b. 2 weeks c. 4 weeks d. 1 year

Answer 31

b. 2 weeks

Question 32

What is the deferral period for a potential blood donor who received the Yellow fever vaccine? a. 48 hours b. 2 weeks c. 4 weeks d. 1 year

Answer 32

b. 2 weeks

Question 33

Which of the following donors is eligible to donate whole blood? a. a 40 year old female, blood pressure 175/101 mmHg, pulse 86 bpm, hemoglobin 13 g/dL, temperature 36 C. b. A 25 year old male, blood pressure 190/99 mmHg, pulse 100 bpm, hematocrit 45%, temperature 36.7 C. c. An 82 year old female, blood pressure 120/40 mmHg, pulse 72 bpm, henoglobin 12.5 g/dL, temperature 37.2 C. d. An 18 year old female, blood pressure 150/80 mmHg, pulse 80 bpm, hemoglobin 11 g/dL, temperature 37 C. e. A 16 year old male, blood pressure 130/70 mmHg, pulse 90 bpm, hematocrit 42%, temperature 37.7 C

Answer 33

c. An 82 year old female, blood pressure 120/40 mmHg, pulse 72 bpm, henoglobin 12.5 g/dL, temperature 37.2 C.

Question 34

What is the deferral period for someone who has received a blood transfusion? a. 12 months b. 6 months c. 3 months d. 9 months

Answer 34

a. 12 months

Question 35

Where does AABB stand on pregnancy and blood donation? a. a woman is deferred if pregnant past 6 weeks b. a pregnant woman may donate c. a pregnant woman is deferred is pregnant in the past month.

Answer 35

a. a woman is deferred if pregnant past 6 weeks

Question 36

What is the deferral period if a donor received the varicella zoster vaccine (live attenuated? a. 4 weeks b. 1 week c. 2 weeks d. no deferral

Answer 36

a. 4 weeks

Question 37

What is the deferral period for a whole blood donor who received the yellow fever live vaccine? a. 3 days b. 2 weeks c. 12 months d. 4 weeks

Answer 37

b. 2 weeks

Question 38

What is the deferral period for someone being treated for syphilis? a. indefinite b. 12 months from completion of therapy c. permanent d. 12 months from diagnosis

Answer 38

b. 12 months from completion of therapy

Question 39

A potential blood donor spent 7 years in Germany from 1995 to 2002. Are they eligible to donate whole blood? a. yes b. yes, but the unit must be tagged that he spent time in Germany c. no, he is permanently deferred d. no, he is indefinitely deferred

Answer 39

d. no, he is indefinitely deferred

Question 40

CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease) may be transmitted by all of the following except: a. neurosurgical instruments b. human dura mater grafts c. pituitary derived human growth hormone. d. stem cells

Answer 40

d. stem cells

Question 41

Which of the following should be indefinitely deferred? a. a donor diagnosed with malaria b. a donor who has been incarcerated c. a pregnant woman d. a donor who tests positive for HBV NAT

Answer 41

d. a donor who tests positive for HBV NAT

Question 42

A donor diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia is: a. Ok to donate plasma b. indefinitely deferred c. permanently deferred d. deferred for 12 months

Answer 42

b. indefinitely deferred

Question 43

A potential whole blood male donor presents with he following upon physical exams: hgb 13 g/dL, hct 39%, pulse 75, temperature 99.4 F. Can they donate a unit of allogeneic whole blood? a. no, hgb is too low b. no, pulse is too high c. yes d. no, temperature is too high

Answer 43

c. yes

Question 44

A donor who ingests aspirin is deferred for 48 hours because aspirin interferes with: a. platelet adhesion b. platelet degranulation c. platelet refractiveness d. platelet aggrregation

Answer 44

d. platelet aggrregation

Question 45

A donor who has had a positive test for AIDS/HIV virus is: a. permanently deferred b. deferred for 12 months c. ok to donate d. indefinitely deferred

Answer 45

d. indefinitely deferred

Question 46

What is the interval between allogeneic blood donation? a. 45 days b. 3 days c. 3 months d. 56 days

Answer 46

d. 56 days

Question 47

What is the deferral period for an apheresis donor who wishes to donate whole blood? a. 56 days b. 48 hours c. 5 weeks d. 3 months

Answer 47

b. 48 hours

Question 48

In this type of autologous donation, blood is collected just before the start of surgery so that blood shed during surgery has a lower concentration of red cells. a. normovolemic hemodilution b. postoperative blood salvage c. preoperative collection d. intraoperative collection

Answer 48

a. normovolemic hemodilution

Question 49

In double red cell pheresis, the interval between donation is: a. 5 weeks b. 3 months c. 16 weeks d. 8 weeks

Answer 49

c. 16 weeks

Question 50

A potential allogeneic whole blood donor was incarcerated for 5 years. He was granted parole and wished to contribute to his community by donating blood. Can he donate blood given his history? a. yes, but there is a 12 month deferral period from the date he left prison. b. no c. yes, but there is a 3 month deferral period from the time he left prison d. yes, but there is a 6 month deferral period from the time he left prison

Answer 50

a. yes, but there is a 12 month deferral period from the date he left prison.

Question 51

What special considerations should be given to directed donations? a. blood must be tested for CMV b. blood need not be tested for hepatitis and other viral markers c. blood must be leukoreduced d. blood must be irradiated if from a blood relative

Answer 51

d. blood must be irradiated if from a blood relative

Question 52

A minipool of 16 donor samples was analyzed for HCV RNA. The test was positive. Which of the following courses of actions would be followed? a. test each of the 16 samples individually b. test a smaller pool c. discard all respective units d. two of the above

Answer 52

d. two of the above

Question 53

What test is required for HPC donors, but not allogeneic whole blood donors? a. ZIKV b. CMV c. HTLV d. syphilis

Answer 53

b. CMV

Question 54

What purpose does irradiation serve? a. destroys leukocytes b. destroys platelets c. destroys T lymphocytes d. destroys dendritic cells

Answer 54

c. destroys T lymphocytes

Question 55

An 18 year old girl contracted Babesia after a two-week camping trip in northeast Pennsylvania. A blood drive was scheduled at her school 6 months later. Should she donate blood? a. yes b. no, indefinite deferral c. no, permanent deferral d. yes, after antibiotic therapy

Answer 55

b. no, indefinite deferral

Question 56

What is the deferral period for donating allogeneic whole blood after an accidental needle stick? a. 12 months b. 1 month c. 6 months d. 24 hours

Answer 56

a. 12 months

Question 57

A Peace Corp worker spent 2 years in Nigeria. After having been there for only 3 months he was diagnosed with malaria. When may this worker be eligible for blood donation? a. 3 years after leaving Nigeria b. 3 years after becoming asymptomatic c. 5 years after leaving Nigeria d 5 years after becoming asymptomatic

Answer 57

b. 3 years after becoming asymptomatic

Question 58

A male donor comes to donate whole blood at his local community blood center. When the potential donors sat in front of the tech the tech noticed track marks up and down his right arm. What action should be taken? a. call the local police b. document a indefinite deferral in donor record c. document a permanent deferral in donor record d. proceed with the donation

Answer 58

b. document a indefinite deferral in donor record

Question 59

What is the deferral period for receiving the recombinant HPV vaccine? a. there is no deferral b. 12 months c. 6 months d. 3 days

Answer 59

a. there is no deferral

Question 60

What is the deferral period for a patient on Plavix? a. 14 days after last dose b. 10 days after last dose c. 5 days after last dose d. 24 to 48 hours after last dose

Answer 60

a. 14 days after last dose

Question 61

A phlebotomist received Hepatitis B Immune globulin after receiving prophylactic therapy for an accidental needle stick. Is there a deferral period? a. yes, 6 months b. no c. yes, 12 months d. yes, 1 week

Answer 61

c. yes, 12 months

Question 62

It is possible for a donor in the US to donate a unit of allogeneic whole blood at 16 years of age. a. True b. False

Answer 62

a. True

Question 63

A pheresis donor donated plasma one day ago. When can this donor give a unit of whole blood? a. in 24 hours b. today c. in 8 hours d. there is no restriction

Answer 63

a. in 24 hours

Question 64

Which hepatitis virus is most associated with a chronic phase? a. hepatitis C b. hepatitis A c. hepatitis E d. hepatitis G

Answer 64

a. hepatitis C

Question 65

What viral marker is associated with immunity to hepatitis B? a. anti-HBs b. HBsAg c. anti-HBc d. anti-HBe

Answer 65

a. anti-HBs

Question 66

What is the first marker to appear in hepatitis B infection? a. HBsAg b. anti-HBs c. anti-HBc d. anti-HBe

Answer 66

a. HBsAg

Question 67

Which hepatitis virus is associated with the fecal oral route of transmission? a. hepatitis A b. hepatitis B c. hepatitis C d. hepatitis D

Answer 67

a. hepatitis A

Question 68

Which hepatitis pair reflects a dependent relationship? a. hepatitis A and B b. hepatitis B and D c. hepatitis A and E d. hepatitis C and D

Answer 68

b. hepatitis B and D

Question 69

Hemoglobin is tested for allogenic whole blood donation using copper sulfate at a specific gravity of 1.053. After 15 seconds the drop of blood from the ring finger sinks to the bottom of the container which contains copper sulfate solution. Is this donor ok to donate? a. yes b. no

Answer 69

a. yes

Question 70

A platelet apheresis donor exhibits signs of citrate toxicity. What is the appropriate course of action? a. administer calcium gluconate b. have donor breathe into paper bag c. administer normal saline d. administer oxygen

Answer 70

a. administer calcium gluconate

Question 71

What is an acceptable collection time for allogeneic whole blood unit? a. 25 minutes b. 9 minutes c. 20 minutes d. 30 minutes

Answer 71

b. 9 minutes

Question 72

Which of the following is representative of the viral tests required on donor blood? a. HBsAg, anti-HBe, anti-HBc, anti-WNV, syphillis, anti-HBs b. HBsAge, anti-HBc, anti-HCV, HCV RNA, anti-HIV, HIV-1 RNA, anti-HTLV I/II, WNV RNA, syphilis, T Cruzi, ZIKV RNA c. anti-HBc, T Cruzi, HCV RNA, anti-HTLV I/II, anti-HIV, syphills, SARS, WNV RNA d. HBsAg, anti-HBc, alt, anti-HCV, anti-HTLV I/II, syphillis, T cruzi, WNV RNA, HIV-1 RNA

Answer 72

b. HBsAge, anti-HBc, anti-HCV, HCV RNA, anti-HIV, HIV-1 RNA, anti-HTLV I/II, WNV RNA, syphilis, T Cruzi, ZIKV RNA

Question 73

What is the minimum hemoglobin and infectious disease testing interval for autologous donors? a. 12 g/dL and 15 days b. 11 g/dL and 30 days c. 10 g/dL and 45 days d. 9 g/dL and each unit is tested for viral markers

Answer 73

b. 11 g/dL and 30 days

Question 74

For an autologous unit the recipient name, DIN, name of facility where patient is transfused must be on the label for which of the following? a. collected unit b. final unit c. pooled unit d. all of the above

Answer 74

d. all of the above

Question 75

What are the labeling requirements for an allogeneic WB donor who is CMV positive? a. collected unit, final unit, and pooled unit must be labeled CMV positive b. final unit and pooled unit must be labeled CMV positive c. final unit and not pooled unit must be labeled CMV positive d. collected unit and pooled unit labeled CMV positive

Answer 75

b. final unit and pooled unit must be labeled CMV positive

Question 76

The anticoagulant/preservative must be present on the label of the which of the following? a. collected unit and final component, not pooled unit b. collected unit, final component, pooled unit c. only final component d. only collected unit

Answer 76

b. collected unit, final component, pooled unit

Question 77

A 35 year old male allogeneic donor made a donation in August. All required viral markers were non-reactive using standard testing. He made another donation the following January. The MP and ID NAT and EIA was repeat reactive for HIV-1 and anti-HIV I/II. In what circumstance could this donor be considered for re-entry. a. Donor is not eligible for re-entry b. If in 8 weeks NAT-HIV is non-reactive c. If in 8 weeks NAT-HIV is reactive and EIA is negative d. If in 8 weeks NAT HIV is non-reactive, EIA is repeat reactive but Western Blot is indeterminate

Answer 77

a. Donor is not eligible for re-entry

Question 78

A platelet donor tested positive for anti-HCV however the NAT HCV was non-reactive RIBA was indeterminate. The anti-HCV by EIA was repeated and also positve. On follow up testing the NAT HCV was reactive and anti-HCV was negative. The donor should be: a. indefinitely deferred b. tested again in 6 months c. permanently deferred d. allowed to donate

Answer 78

c. permanently deferred

Question 79

Which of the following would defer a potential whole blood donor regarding Zika virus? a. A 45-year old male lived in Switzerland for two years b. A 23-year old gay male whose partner lived in Estonia for six months c. A 54 year old female who was recently diagnosed with Zika d. A 32 year old female who gave birth two months ago to an infant with microcephaly

Answer 79

c. A 54 year old female who was recently diagnosed with Zika

Question 80

Which of the following circumstances would a donor be deferred? a. normal flora was found in an apheresis platelet b. E. coli was found in an apheresis platelet c. Klebsiella was found in an apheresis platelet and in donor bloodstream d. all of the above

Answer 80

c. Klebsiella was found in an apheresis platelet and in donor bloodstream

Question 81

A patient with Hairy Cell Leukemia has consistently receievd products that have been labeled leukoreduced to minimize febrile reactions. What product should not be leukoreduced? a. Packed RBCs b. HPCs c. Apheresis Platelets d. Random Donor Platelets

Answer 81

b. HPCs

Question 82

Which of the following histories represents an acceptable whole blood donor? a. Hct = 39 BP = 110/70 Temp = 99.8 Pulse = 75 b. Hct = 40 BP = 135/85 Temp = 98.6 Pulse = 80 c. Hct = 41 BP = 190/50 Temp = 99.4 Pulse = 65 d. Hct = 39 BP = 115/80 Temp = 98.6 Pulse = 102

Answer 82

b. Hct = 40 BP = 135/85 Temp = 98.6 Pulse = 80 Limits for HCT must be 38% or greater. Limit for oral temperature must be less than 99.5 F Limit for BP systolic = 180 Limit for BP diastolic = 100

Question 83

How long after donating whole blood must a person be deferred before donating plateletpheresis? a. 24 hours b. 48 hours c. 72 hours d. 8 weeks

Answer 83

d. 8 weeks 8 weeks after giving whole blood, a donor is deferred for 48 hours after giving plateletpheresis.

Question 84

A donor who experiences tetany while donating blood should be treated: a. with calcium gluconate b. with epinephrine c. by administering oxygen d. by rebreathing from a paper bag

Answer 84

d. by rebreathing from a paper bag By rebreathing from a paper bag tetany can signal the beginning of hyperventilation. To prevent the condition from progressing, have the donor re-breathe air from a paper bag, to increase the amount of CO2, to make the respiration go back to normal.

Question 85

Which of the following would be the best source of platelets for transfusion in the case of alloimmune neonatal thrombocytopenia? a. Father b. Mother c. Pooled platelet rich plasma d. A platelet donor who is HPA-1 negative

Answer 85

Mother in this case, the Mom will have the platelets that are negative for antigen which corresponds to the specificity of the anti-platelet antibody. The HPA-1 negative platelets are not the BEST answer, since we don't know that the NAIT is due to anti-HPA-1.

Question 86

Which of the following donors is eligible to donate? a. Donor has tested repeatedly reactive for HTLV-I/II on a single previous donation b. Donor has tested repeatedly reactive for anti-HBc on two previous donations c. Donor has a repeatedly reactive RPR and a positive FTA d. Donor has tested repeatedly reactive for HBsAg which was neutralizable

Answer 86

a. Donor has tested repeatedly reactive for HTLV-I/II on a single previous donation Donor has tested repeatedly reactive for HTLV-I/II on a single previous donation is permanantly deferred when he has a second repeatedly reactive HTLV-I/II EIA. The first RR result is not deferring. All other situations listed are permanent deferred donors.

Question 87

A potential donor states that he had Rubella vaccine 3 weeks ago. The most appropriate course of action to take with this donor is: a. accept the donor b. defer the donor for 4 weeks from the date of vaccination c. defer the donor for 1 year from date of vaccination d. defer the donor permanently

Answer 87

b. defer the donor for 4 weeks from the date of vaccination Rubella (german measles) is a 4 week deferral from date that vaccine is received. I remember it this way: My friend Rubella lives in Germany, and it would take me 4 weeks to sail across the ocean to see her.

Question 88

Which of the donors below is eligible to donate whole blood? a. Donor who had two previous repeat reactive results for anti-HBc b. Donor had unexplained jaundice at age 9 c. Confirmed positive HBsAg test at age 12 d. Donor lives with husband who had hepatitis C infection

Answer 88

b. Donor had unexplained jaundice at age 9 AABB standards state that viral Hepatitis and/or jaundice before age 11 is not deferring. Two positive anti-HBC results confer indefinite deferral. Confirmed positive HBsAg test confrers permanent deferral. Sexual contanct with person who has active Hepatitis infection is deferring for 12 months from last date of contact.

Question 89

Which of the following employees should be offered the Hepatitis B vaccine upon hire? a. Blood Bank Technologist b. Lab assistant who accessions samples c. Driver who packs and delivers blood components d. all of the above

Answer 89

d. all of the above

Question 90

Which of the following donors is eligible to donate? a. Wife of a patient with active Hepatitis; they are living tegether; last sexual contact was 18 months ago. b. Former prostitute; married with no high-risk behavior for 10 years. c. Male who had sex with another male 11 months ago. d. Male jailed for 7 days, 15 months ago.

Answer 90

d. Male jailed for 7 days, 15 months ago. AABB standards (32nd ed): Incarceration for more than 72 consecutive hours defers the donor for 12 months from the date of release. Because this donor was released 15 months ago, he is eligible. A person living with an individual with active Hepatitis is deferred. There would also be deferral for 12 months from the date of the last sexual contact. Once the infection is no longer present the donor is eligible 12 months from the date the spouse's infection is deemed as no longer present. Potential donors who have taken money or drugs for sex since 1977 are indefinitely deferred. Males who have had sexual relations with other males are deferred for 12 months after the last date of sexual contact.

Question 91

Which of the following statements is true regarding the donation of red blood cells by automated methods? a. The deferral period after the donation of a combination of a single unit of red cells and a single unit of platelets by apheresis is 16 weeks. b. The copper sulfate method of determining hematocrit cannot be used to qualify a donor for for double red cell donation. c. Donor weight and donor hematocrit requirements for double red cell donation are the same as those for whole blood donation. d. Double red cell donation is associated with a higher frequency of reactions compared to whole blood.

Answer 91

b. The copper sulfate method of determining hematocrit cannot be used to qualify a donor for for double red cell donation. AABB requires a quantitative method for determining hemoglobin/HCT, with minimum Hematocrit of 40% from both genders of donors. "The deferral period after the donation of a combination of a single unit of red cells and a single unit of platelets by apheresis is 16 weeks" is a false statement. If a single unit of RBCs is collected, then we treat it the same as a routine WB donation, so the deferral period is 8 weeks. "Donor weight and donor hematocrit requirements for double red cell donation are the same as those for whole blood donation" is also a false statement. WB donors have no height requirement-only a minimum weight requirement of 110 pounds. RBC apheresis donors have minimum weight and height requirements based on gender. Males minimum height is 5'1'' and a minimum weight of 130 pounds. Females have a minimum height of 5'5'' and a weight of 150 pounds. "Double red cell donation is associated with a higher frequency of reactions compared to whole blood" There is no evidence to support this statement. In fact, the opposite is true. Apheresis donors are typically selected from donors who have had multiple donations, so are more prepared for the effects of blood donation. Even in first time apheresis donors, the rates of donor reactions are not higher than with WB donors.

Question 92

Which of the following autologous donors is donors is eligible to donate? a. A 75 year old male with prostate cancer whose hemoglobin is 10 g/dL. He is otherwise healthy and is scheduled for a prostatectomy in 3 weeks. b. A 35 year old male paraplegic with infected decubitus ulcers over the sacrum, hemoglobin 13 g/dL, debridement and skin grafting in 14 days. c. A 16 year old with chronic tonsillitis, hemoglobin 15 g/dL, tonsillectomy in 2 weeks. There is no physician order, but the patient's mother gives approval and insists upon donation. d. A 86 year old female with degenerative joint disease. Her hemoglobin is 12 g/dL. She will have a right hip replacement in 4 days.

Answer 92

d. A 86 year old female with degenerative joint disease. Her hemoglobin is 12 g/dL. She will have a right hip replacement in 4 days. This donor has a high enough Hgb, is more than 72 hours from her scheduled surgery, and has no conditions which can result in harm to her after transfusion. The other donors are deferred for the following reasons: A 75 year old male with prostate cancer whose hemoglobin is 10 g/dL. He is otherwise healthy and is scheduled for a prostatectomy in 3 weeks. - This donor has a hemoglobin below th eminimum for autologous donors, which is 11 g/dL. A 35 year old male paraplegic with infected decubitus ulcers over the sacrum, hemoglobin 13 g/dL, debridement and skin grafting in 14 days. - This donor has an active infection, so we would not want to collect blood from him. This would put him at risk for transfusion transmitted bacterial infection. A 16 year old with chronic tonsillitis, hemoglobin 15 g/dL, tonsillectomy in 2 weeks. There is no physician order, but the patient's mother gives approval and insists upon donation. - Not only does this donor have a current infection, but there is NO physician order. All autologous donations require a physician order, which would state that the donor is healthy enough to donate and also that the risks have been explained.