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ENCOR 2024 > Done Virtualization technologies > Flashcards

Done Virtualization technologies Flashcards

1
Q
A

Cloud:
Highly agile
easy to scale the capacity up and down

On premises:
Infrastructure requires large and regular investments
highly customizable

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2
Q

A server running Linux is providing support for virtual machines along with DNS and DHCP services for a small business. Which technology does this represent?

A. container
B. Type 1 hypervisor
C. Type 2 hypervisor
D. hardware pass-thru

A

C. Type 2 hypervisor

Type 2 hypervisor (or hosted hypervisor) runs on top of an operating system and not the physical hardware directly.

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3
Q

AMP4E, Cisco EDR

Which features does Cisco EDR use to provide threat detection and response protection?

A. containment, threat intelligence, and machine learning
B. firewalling and intrusion prevention
C. container-based agents
D. cloud analysis and endpoint firewall controls

A

A. containment, threat intelligence, and machine learning

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4
Q

Cisco DNA - WLC

A customer deploys a new wireless network to perform location-based services using Cisco DNA Spaces. The customer has a single WLC located on-premises in a secure data center. The security team does not want to expose the WLC to the public Internet. Which solution allows the customer to securely send RSSI updates to Cisco DNA Spaces?

A. Deploy a Cisco DNA Spaces connector as a VM
B. Perform tethering with Cisco DNA Center
C. Replace the WLC with a cloud-based controller
D. Implement Cisco Mobility Services Engine

A

A. Deploy a Cisco DNA Spaces connector as a VM

A Cisco DNA Spaces connector is a software application that can be deployed on a virtual machine (VM) in the customer’s on-premises network. The connector acts as a secure intermediary between the WLC and Cisco DNA Spaces. It encrypts all traffic between the WLC and Cisco DNA Spaces, and it can be configured to use a variety of authentication and authorization mechanisms.

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5
Q

Cloud - On premise
DRAG DROP
-

Drag and drop the characteristics from the left onto the deployment models on the right.

A
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6
Q

Cloud - On premise
DRAG DROP
-

Drag and drop the characteristics from the left onto the deployment models on the right. Not all options are used.

A

Cloud:
Shared ownership and accessibility
Quick and scalable deployment

On-Prem:
Longer depolyment cycle
Complete control and accessibility

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7
Q

Cloud / On-Prem
DRAG DROP
-

Drag and drop the characteristics from the left onto the deployment models on the right.

A

Cloud:
Remote access requires an internet connection only
This model is cost-effective

On-Prem:
Remote access must be arranged via third-party solutions
This model is high-maintenance and has high operating cost

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8
Q

On Premise - Cloud

Drag and drop the characteristics from the left onto the deployment types on the right.

A

ON PREMISE:
- Scalability requires time and effort
- It is responsible for hardware maintenance

CLOUD ENVIRONMENT:
- It provides on-demand scalability
- Maintenance is handled by a third party

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9
Q

DRAG DROP

A

OVA- zip file connecting a virtual machine configuration file and a virtual disk

VMDK- file containig a virtual machine disk file

VMX-configuration file containing settings for a virtual machine such as guest OS

vNIC- component of a virtual machine responsabile for sending packets to the hypervisor

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10
Q

DRAG DROP

On Premisses
customizable hardware, purpose build systems
more suitable for companies with specific regulatory or security requirements
resources can be over or underutilized as requirements vary

Cloud
easy to scale and upgrade
requires a strong and stable internet connection
build-in, automated data backups and recovery

A

On Premisses
customizable hardware, purpose build systems
more suitable for companies with specific regulatory or security requirements
resources can be over or underutilized as requirements vary

Cloud
easy to scale and upgrade
requires a strong and stable internet connection
build-in, automated data backups and recovery

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11
Q

DRAG DROP

On Premisses
enterprise owns the hardware
slow upgrade lifecycle
high capital expenditure

Cloud-Hosted
low capital expenditure
provider maintains the infrastructure
fast upgrade lifecycle

A

On Premisses
enterprise owns the hardware
slow upgrade lifecycle
high capital expenditure

Cloud-Hosted
low capital expenditure
provider maintains the infrastructure
fast upgrade lifecycle

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12
Q

DRAG DROP

On-Premisses
significant initial investiment but lower reoccuring costs
company has control over the physical security of equipment

Cloud
pay-as-you-go model
physical location of data can be defined in contract with provider
very scalable and fast delivery or changes in scale

A

On-Premisses
significant initial investiment but lower reoccuring costs
company has control over the physical security of equipment

Cloud
pay-as-you-go model
physical location of data can be defined in contract with provider
very scalable and fast delivery or changes in scale

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13
Q

How do cloud deployments compare to on-premises deployments?

A. Cloud deployments provide a better user experience across world regions, whereas on-premises deployments depend upon region-specific conditions.
B. Cloud deployments mandate a secure architecture, whereas on-premises deployments are inherently unsecure.
C. Cloud deployments must include automation infrastructure, whereas on-premises deployments often lack the ability for automation.
D. Cloud deployments are inherently unsecure, whereas a secure architecture is mandatory for on-premises deployments.

A

A. Cloud deployments provide a better user experience across world regions, whereas on-premises deployments depend upon region-specific conditions.

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14
Q

How do cloud deployments differ from on-premises deployments?

A. Cloud deployments require longer implementation times than on-premises deployments.
B. Cloud deployments are more customizable than on-premises deployments.
C. Cloud deployments have lower upfront costs than on-premises deployments.
D. Cloud deployments require less frequent upgrades than on-premises deployments.

A

C. Cloud deployments have lower upfront costs than on-premises deployments.

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15
Q

How does a Type 2 hypervisor function?

A. It runs on a virtual server and includes its own operating system.
B. It runs directly on a physical server and includes its own operating system.
C. It is installed as an application on an already installed operating system.
D. It enables other operating systems to run on it.

A

C. It is installed as an application on an already installed operating system.

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16
Q

On premise - Cloud

How does an on-premises infrastructure compare to a cloud infrastructure?

A. On-premises offers faster deployment than cloud.
B. On-premises requires less power and cooling resources than cloud.
C. On-premises offers lower latency for physically adjacent systems than cloud.
D. On-premises can increase compute power faster than cloud.

A

C. On-premises offers lower latency for physically adjacent systems than cloud.

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17
Q

Please select the correct option that shows the correct combination for the Type 1 Hypervisor.

A. Hardware; Hypervisor; Guest OS
B. Hardware; Host OS; Hypervisor; Guest OS
C. Host OS; Hypervisor; Guest OS
D. Hardware; Host OS; Guest OS

A

A. Hardware; Hypervisor; Guest OS

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18
Q

What are two reasons a company would choose a cloud deployment over an on-prem deployment? (Choose two.)

A. Cloud costs adjust up or down depending on the amount of resources consumed. On-prem costs for hardware, power, and space are on-going regardless of usage.
B. Cloud resources scale automatically to an increase in demand. On-prem requires additional capital expenditure.
C. In a cloud environment, the company is in full control of access to their data. On-prem risks access to data due to service provider outages.
D. In a cloud environment, the company controls technical issues. On-prem environments rely on the service provider to resolve technical issues.
E. Cloud deployments require long implementation times due to capital expenditure processes. On-prem deployments can be accomplished quickly using operational expenditure processes.

A

A. Cloud costs adjust up or down depending on the amount of resources consumed. On-prem costs for hardware, power, and space are on-going regardless of usage.

B. Cloud resources scale automatically to an increase in demand. On-prem requires additional capital expenditure.

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19
Q

What are two reasons why broadcast radiation is caused in the virtual machine environment? (Choose two.)

A. vSwitch must interrupt the server CPU to process the broadcast packet.
B. The Layer 2 domain can be large in virtual machine environments.
C. Virtual machines communicate primarily through broadcast mode.
D. Communication between vSwitch and network switch is broadcast based.
E. Communication between vSwitch and network switch is multicast based.

A

The two reasons why broadcast radiation is caused in the virtual machine environment are:

B. The Layer 2 domain can be large in virtual machine environments: In a physical network, broadcast traffic is typically limited to a single LAN segment, which can be controlled through the use of routers or VLANs. However, in a virtual machine environment, multiple VMs can be connected to the same virtual switch, which creates a larger Layer 2 broadcast domain.

C. Virtual machines communicate primarily through broadcast mode: In a traditional physical network, communication between devices typically occurs through unicast or multicast traffic. However, in a virtual machine environment, communication between VMs often relies on broadcast traffic, which can be less efficient and create more network traffic than necessary. This is due to the fact that virtual machines are often configured to use broadcast traffic for tasks such as address resolution or service discovery.

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20
Q

What is a benefit of a virtual machine when compared with a physical server?

A. Multiple virtual servers can be deployed on the same physical server without having to buy additional hardware.
B. Virtual machines increase server processing performance.
C. The CPU and RAM resources on a virtual machine cannot be affected by other virtual machines.
D. Deploying a virtual machine is technically less complex than deploying a physical server.

A

A. Multiple virtual servers can be deployed on the same physical server without having to buy additional hardware.

CPU and RAM resources of a virtual machine can be affected by other virtual machines. When multiple virtual machines share the same physical host, the CPU and RAM resources are divided among them. If a virtual machine uses a significant amount of CPU or RAM resources, it can affect the performance of other virtual machines running on the same physical host 123.

To prevent this from happening, it is important to monitor the resource usage of virtual machines and adjust resource allocation as necessary. It may also be useful to implement resource isolation techniques, such as allocating dedicated resources to a specific virtual machine or limiting resource usage by a virtual machine.

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21
Q

What is a benefit of deploying an on-premises infrastructure versus a cloud infrastructure deployment?

A. ability to quickly increase compute power without the need to install additional hardware
B. less power and cooling resources needed to run infrastructure on-premises
C. faster deployment times because additional infrastructure does not need to be purchased
D. lower latency between systems that are physically located near each other

A

D. lower latency between systems that are physically located near each other

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22
Q

What is a benefit of using a Type 2 hypervisor instead of a Type 1 hypervisor?

A. better application performance
B. improved security because the underlying OS is eliminated
C. improved density and scalability
D. ability to operate on hardware that is running other OSs

A

D. ability to operate on hardware that is running other OSs

Key Features of Type 1:
- Performance: Direct access to physical hardware results in better performance.
- Isolation: Each VM runs entirely isolated, ensuring that one VM’s malfunction doesn’t affect others.
- Security: The smaller footprint means a reduced attack surface compared to traditional OS.

Advantages:
- Optimal for high-density or high-performance situations, like data centers.
- Better suited for enterprise environments where performance, scalability, and stability are paramount.

23
Q

What is a characteristic of a Type 1 hypervisor?

A. It is referred to as a hosted hypervisor.
B. It is completely independent of the operating system.
C. Problems in the base operating system can affect the entire system.
D. It is installed on an operating system and supports other operating systems above it.

A

B. It is completely independent of the operating system.

24
Q

What is a characteristic of a type 2 hypervisor?

A. complicated deployment
B. ideal for data center
C. referred to as bare-metal
D. ideal for client/end-user system

A

D. ideal for client/end-user system

25
Q

What is a characteristic of a Type 2 hypervisor?

A. It eliminates the need for an underlying operating system.
B. Problems in the base operating system can affect the entire system.
C. Its main task is to manage hardware resources between different operating systems.
D. It is completely independent of the operating system.

A

B. Problems in the base operating system can affect the entire system.

26
Q

What is a characteristic of a Type 2 hypervisor?

A. It is completely independent of the operating system.
B. It is installed on an operating system and supports other operating systems. Most Voted
C. It eliminates the need for an underlying operating system.
D. Its main task is to manage hardware resources between different operating systems.

A

B. It is installed on an operating system and supports other operating systems.

27
Q

What is a characteristic of a virtual machine?

A. It is more resource efficient than a container.
B. It provides an environment completely isolated from the host OS.
C. It is more lightweight than a container.
D. It shares the host OS kernel, binaries, and libraries.

A

B. It provides an environment completely isolated from the host OS.

28
Q

What is a characteristic of a virtual machine?

A. It must run the same operating system as its host.
B. It is deployable without a hypervisor to host it.
C. It must be aware of other virtual machines, in order to allocate physical resources for them.
D. It relies on hypervisors to allocate computing resources for it.

A

D. It relies on hypervisors to allocate computing resources for it.

29
Q

What is a characteristic of para-virtualization?

A. Para-virtualization allows the host hardware to be directly accessed.
B. Para-virtualization guest servers are unaware of one another.
C. Para-virtualization lacks support for containers.
D. Para-virtualization allows direct access between the guest OS and the hypervisor.

A

D. Para-virtualization allows direct access between the guest OS and the hypervisor.

Paravirtualization is a type of virtualization where software instructions from the guest operating system running inside a virtual machine can use “hypercalls” that communicate directly with the hypervisor. This provides an interface very similar to software running natively on the host hardware.

The main benefits of paravirtualization are where instructions are not compatible with full virtualization or where more immediate access to underlying hardware is required for performance reasons. For timing-critical functions, paravirtualization can provide the speed of native code alongside some of the benefits of virtualization, such as sharing hardware between multiple operating systems.

30
Q

What is a Type 1 hypervisor?

A. runs directly on a physical server and depends on a previously installed operating system
B. runs directly on a physical server and includes its own operating system
C. runs on a virtual server and depends on an already installed operating system
D. runs on a virtual server and includes its own operating system

A

B. runs directly on a physical server and includes its own operating system

31
Q

What is a Type 2 hypervisor?

A. installed as an application on an already installed operating system
B. also referred to as a “bare metal hypervisor” because it sits directly on the physical server
C. runs directly on a physical server and includes its own operating system
D. supports over-allocation of physical resources

A

A. installed as an application on an already installed operating system

32
Q

What is an emulated machine that has dedicated compute, memory, and storage resources and a fully installed operating system?

A. mainframe
B. host
C. virtual machine
D. container

A

C. virtual machine

33
Q

What is an OVF?

A. a package that is similar to an IMG and that contains an OVA file used to build a virtual machine
B. an alternative form of an ISO that is used to install the base operating system of a virtual machine
C. the third step in a P2V migration
D. a package of files that is used to describe a virtual machine or virtual appliance

A

D. a package of files that is used to describe a virtual machine or virtual appliance

OVF stands for Open Virtualization Format. It is a standard for packaging and distributing virtual appliances or more generally, software to be run in virtual machines. OVF is a format that describes the metadata about the virtual machine and its components, including details like the virtual hardware configuration, disk images, and other necessary information. It is used to enable portability and easy distribution of virtual machines across different virtualization platforms.

34
Q

What is required for a virtual machine to run?

A. a Type 1 hypervisor and a host operating system
B. a hypervisor and physical server hardware
C. only a Type 1 hypervisor
D. only a Type 2 hypervisor

A

B. a hypervisor and physical server hardware

35
Q

What is the process for moving a virtual machine from one host machine to another with no downtime?

A. high availability
B. disaster recovery
C. live migration
D. multisite replication

A

C. live migration

Live migration refers to the process of moving a running VM or application between different physical machines without disconnecting the client or application.

36
Q

Which benefit is offered by a cloud infrastructure deployment but is lacking in an on-premises deployment?

A. virtualization
B. supported systems
C. storage capacity
D. efficient scalability

A

D. efficient scalability

Efficient scalability refers to the ability of a system to quickly and easily increase its capacity in response to changing demand. In a cloud infrastructure deployment, this is achieved through the use of elastic resources, which can be automatically provisioned and deprovisioned in response to changes in workload. This allows cloud users to easily scale up or down their infrastructure as needed, without having to worry about the cost and complexity of purchasing and configuring new hardware.

In contrast, an on-premises deployment typically requires organizations to purchase and install new hardware to scale their infrastructure. This process can be time-consuming and expensive, and may not be feasible for organizations with limited resources or a rapidly-changing workload.

37
Q

Which capability does a distributed virtual switch have?

A. use floating static routes
B. provide configuration consistency across the hosts
C. run dynamic routing protocols
D. use advanced IPsec encryption algorithms

A

B. provide configuration consistency across the hosts

These are some of the benefits of distributed switch:

Centralized management of vSwitch configuration for multiple hosts in a cluster,
which simplifies administration.

Migration of networking statistics and policies with virtual machines
during a live VM migration.

Configuration consistency across all the hosts
that are part of the distributed switch.

resource: ENCOR 350-401 Official Cert Guide.
Page: 798

38
Q

Which element enables communication between guest VMs within a virtualized environment?

A. hypervisor
B. virtual router
C. vSwitch
D. pNIC

A

C. vSwitch

Each VM is provided with a virtual NIC (vNIC) that is connected to the virtual switch. Multiple vNICs can connect to a single vSwitch, allowing VMs on a physical host to communicate with one another at layer 2 without having to go out to a physical switch.

39
Q

Which element is unique to a Type 2 hypervisor?

A. host hardware
B. memory
C. host OS
D. VM OS

A

C. host OS

40
Q

Which entity is a Type 1 hypervisor?

A. Oracle VM VirtualBox
B. Citrix XenServer
C. VMware server
D. Microsoft Virtual PC

A

B. Citrix XenServer

Type I Virtualizaton

  • Citrix Hypervisor (formerly known as Xen Server)
  • Oracle VM
  • Microsoft Hyper-V
  • ⁠⁠⁠⁠KVM (Kernel-Based Virtual Machine)
  • ⁠VMware vSphere with ESX/ESXi
41
Q

Which function does a virtual switch provide?

A. RAID storage for virtual machines
B. connectivity between virtual machines
C. CPU context switching for multitasking between virtual machines
D. emulation of power for virtual machines

A

B. connectivity between virtual machines

42
Q

Which hypervisor requires a host OS to run and is not allowed to directly access the hosts hardware and resources?

A. native
B. bare metal
C. type 1
D. type 2

A

D. type 2

To make it easy, native and bare metal are another name of type 1, so the answer should be type 2.

43
Q

Which of the following are benefits from implementing the use of VXLAN’s in a network? (Choose two)

A. Increased scalability since VXLAN extends the IF field to 24 bits, providing up to 16 million unique ID values.
B. Makes the implementation of Spanning Tree more efficient.
C. Can be used to replace layer 3 routing protocols and increase routing efficiency at layer 2.
D. Supports Equal Cost Multi-pathing (ECMP) so that load balancing over multiple links can be used.

A

A. Increased scalability since VXLAN extends the IF field to 24 bits, providing up to 16 million unique ID values.
D. Supports Equal Cost Multi-pathing (ECMP) so that load balancing over multiple links can be used.

VXLAN is a MAC in IP/UDP(MAC-in-UDP) encapsulation technique with a 24-bit segment identifier in the
form of a VXLAN ID. The larger VXLAN ID allows LAN segments to scale to 16 million in a cloud network.
In addition, the IP/UDP encapsulation allows each LAN segment to be extended across existing Layer 3
networks making use of Layer 3 equal-cost multipath (ECMP).

44
Q

Which of the following are examples of Type 2 hypervisors? (Choose three.)

A. VMware ESXi
B. Oracle VirtualBox
C. Oracle Solaris Zones
D. Microsoft Hyper-V
E. Microsoft Virtual PC

A

B. Oracle VirtualBox
C. Oracle Solaris Zones
E. Microsoft Virtual PC

45
Q

Which resource is able to be shared among virtual machines deployed on the same physical server?

A. disk
B. VM configuration file
C. applications
D. operating system

A

A. disk

Disk is the resource that is able to be shared among virtual machines deployed on the same physical server.

46
Q

Which resource must the hypervisor make available to the virtual machines?

A. bandwidth
B. IP address
C. processor
D. secure access

A

C. processor

47
Q

Which statement describes the IP and MAC allocation requirements for virtual machines on Type 1 hypervisors?

A. Virtual machines do not require a unique IP or unique MAC. They share the IP and MAC address of the physical server.
B. Each virtual machine requires a unique IP address but shares the MAC address with the physical server.
C. Each virtual machine requires a unique IP and MAC addresses to be able to reach to other nodes.
D. Each virtual machine requires a unique MAC address but shares the IP address with the physical server.

A

C. Each virtual machine requires a unique IP and MAC addresses to be able to reach to other nodes.

Layer 2 and 3 addresses have to be unique for VMs to establish proper TCP/IP communication.

48
Q

Which statement explains why Type 1 hypervisor is considered more efficient than Type2 hypervisor?

A. Type 1 hypervisor is the only type of hypervisor that supports hardware acceleration techniques.
B. Type 1 hypervisor relies on the existing OS of the host machine to access CPU, memory, storage, and network resources.
C. Type 1 hypervisor runs directly on the physical hardware of the host machine without relying on the underlying OS.
D. Type 1 hypervisor enables other operating systems to run on it.

A

C. Type 1 hypervisor runs directly on the physical hardware of the host machine without relying on the underlying OS.

49
Q

Which three resources must the hypervisor make available to the virtual machines? (Choose three.)

A. Memory
B. bandwidth
C. IP address
D. Processor
E. storage
F. secure access

A

A. Memory
D. Processor
E. storage

Provided answer is correct,
- Memory (RAM)
- Processor (cpu cores)
- Storage (disk)
those are the resources that can be distributed among virtual machines.

50
Q

Which two actions provide controlled Layer 2 network connectivity between virtual machines running on the same hypervisor? (Choose two.)

A. Use a virtual switch provided by the hypervisor.
B. Use a virtual switch running as a separate virtual machine.
C. Use VXLAN fabric after installing VXLAN tunneling drivers on the virtual machines.
D. Use a single routed link to an external router on stick.
E. Use a single trunk link to an external Layer2 switch.

A

A. Use a virtual switch provided by the hypervisor.
B. Use a virtual switch running as a separate virtual machine.

51
Q

Which two entities are Type 1 hypervisors? (Choose two.)

A. Oracle VM VirtualBox
B. Microsoft Hyper-V
C. VMware server
D. VMware ESXi
E. Microsoft Virtual PC

A

B. Microsoft Hyper-V
D. VMware ESXi

52
Q

Which virtualization component creates VMs and performs hardware abstraction that allows multiple VMs to run at the same time?

A. container
B. Docker
C. hypervisor
D. rkt

A

C. hypervisor

Not A: Containers are a form of lightweight virtualization that package applications and their dependencies into isolated environments called containers.
Not B: Similar to containers, Docker does not create VMs or perform hardware abstraction. It orchestrates the deployment and management of containerized applications.
Not D: Like Docker, rkt focuses on managing containers rather than creating VMs or performing hardware abstraction. It does not serve the role of a hypervisor.

53
Q

Why would a small or mid-size business choose a cloud solution over an on-premises solution?

A. Cloud provides greater ability for customization than on-premises.
B. Cloud provides more control over the implementation process than on-premises.
C. Cloud provides lower upfront cost than on-premises.
D. Cloud provides higher data security than on-premises.

A

C. Cloud provides lower upfront cost than on-premises.

54
Q

You need to weigh the pros and cons of deploying a premise-based data center versus using a cloud-based data center deployment. What is an advantage of using a premise-based solution? (Choose two.)

A. Lower application latency for end users
B. Easily scalable
C. Lower capital costs
D. Reduced deployment times
E. Increased control over the environment

A

A. Lower application latency for end users
E. Increased control over the environment

ENCOR 2024 (34 decks)

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