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Space Shit > DONE--SPS II > Flashcards

DONE--SPS II Flashcards

Spacecraft Subsystems

1
Q

Which portion of the satellite consists of subsystems and components that support the mission? (70% of the vehicle’s size?)

A

Bus

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2
Q

Which portion of the satellite accomplishes the mission? (30% of the vehicle’s size?)

A

Payload

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3
Q

Communication with the satellite through the bus?

A

Out-of-band

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4
Q

Communication with the satellite through the payload?

A

In-band

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5
Q

Satellite to satellite communication as a relay for up/downlink?

A

Cross-link

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6
Q

What is uplink used for?

A

Command

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7
Q

What is downlink used for?

A

Telemetry

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8
Q

What are the 2 communications subsystems?

A
  1. Telemetry, Tracking, & Commanding (TT&C)
  2. Commanding & Data Handling (C&DH)
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9
Q

What are the 2 control subsystems?

A
  1. Attitude Determination & Control (ADCS)
  2. Guidance, Navigation, & Control (GNC)
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10
Q

What is the collection of satellite subsystems performance, state of health data, and payload data which is transmitted to the RTS?

A

Telemetry

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11
Q

What is the reception and transmission of radiometric ranging signals received from and sent to the RTS?

A

Tracking

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12
Q

What is the reception of uplink commands for the operation of the satellite?

A

Command

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13
Q

What are the 3 components of the Telemetry, Tracking, and Commanding subsystem?

A
  1. Transmitters
  2. Receivers
  3. Antennas
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14
Q

Which subsystem processes, stores, and controls all ground commands, payload data, and telemetry during every phase of the mission?

A

Commanding & Data Handling

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15
Q

What are the 4 components of the C&DH?

A
  1. CPU
  2. Memory
  3. Links
  4. Software
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16
Q

What element receives, validates, demodulates, and distributes commands to the other spacecraft subsystems?

A

Command Decoder

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17
Q

What element gathers, processes, and formats spacecraft housekeeping and mission data for downlink or use by another subsystem?

A

Data Handling Unit

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18
Q

What are the 5 steps of a closed loop control system?

A
  1. Input
  2. Controller
  3. Actuator
  4. Output
  5. Feedback
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19
Q

Which subsystem is responsible for the satellite’s orientation and pointing?

A

Attitude Determination and Control

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20
Q

What are the 3 components of the Attitude Determination and Control subsystem?

A
  1. Controller
  2. Instruments
  3. Sensors
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21
Q

What are the 6 ADCS methods for determining attitude?

A

Eyes:
1. Earth sensors
2. Sun sensors
3. Star sensors
Inner ear:
4. Gyroscopes
5. Magnetospheres
Other:
6. Global Navigation Satellite System

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22
Q

What are the 6 attitude instruments?

A

Passive:
1. Gravity-gradient stabilization
2. Spin stabilization
3. Dampers
Active:
4. Thrusters
5. Magnetic torquers
6. Momentum-control device

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23
Q

Which subsystem is responsible for the satellite’s orbital position?

A

Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GNC)

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24
Q

Which portion of the GNC generates thrust in a specific direction?

A

Guidance

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25
Q

Which portion of the GNC determines orbital positioning using the velocity vector (V) and positional vector (R) derived from various sensors?

A

Navigation

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26
Q

Which portion of the GNC compares current versus desired position and velocity and sends commands to the actuators?

A

Control

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27
Q

What are the 3 on-board GNC methods for determining orbital positioning?

A
  1. Global Navigation Satellite System
  2. Earth, sun, and star sensors
  3. Inertial sensors
28
Q

What are the 3 off-board GNC methods for determining orbital positioning?

A
  1. Remote Tracking System ranging
  2. Space Surveillance Network
  3. Space Domain Awareness
29
Q

Which subsystem regulates and maintains temperature throughout the spacecraft?

A

Thermal Control Subsystem (TCS)

30
Q

What are the 3 external heat sources?

A
  1. Direct sunlight
  2. Albedo
  3. Planetary infrared
31
Q

What are the 2 internal heat sources?

A
  1. Internal electronics
  2. Isolated heat
32
Q

What is the transfer of heat between substances in direct contact?

A

Conduction

33
Q

What is the transfer of heat by means of a fluid (gas or liquid) away from the heat source?

A

Convection

34
Q

What is the transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves?

A

Radiation

35
Q

What are the 4 passive (open-loop) thermal controls?

A
  1. Thermal blankets
  2. Heat pipes
  3. Coatings
  4. Louvers
36
Q

What are the 5 active (closed-loop) thermal controls?

A
  1. Heaters
  2. Radiators
  3. Refrigerators
  4. Pumps
  5. Louvers
37
Q

Which subsystem generates, stores, and distributes power through the spacecraft?

A

Electrical Power Subsystem (EPS)

38
Q

Which solar panel configuration is simpler, more robust, but less effective at producing power?

A

Body-mounted

39
Q

Which solar panel configuration is more complex and provides a higher power-to-weight efficiency?

A

Sun-tracking

40
Q

Which solar panel configuration can be deployed and retracted?

A

Roll out

41
Q

Which type of solar panel mechanism uses exploding bolts?

A

Low cycle

42
Q

Which type of solar panel configuration mechanism uses a motor and is repeatable?

A

High cycle

43
Q

What mechanism constantly operates to track the sun and maintain the proper incidence angle for Earth/Space-pointing attitude?

A

Solar Array Drive Mechanism

44
Q

What stores energy and supplies power to components as needed?

A

Batteries

45
Q

What battery configuration increases battery voltage but maintains the same current and charge capacity as a single cell?

A

Wired in series

46
Q

What battery configuration increases current and charge capacity but maintains the same voltage as a single cell?

A

Wired in parallel

47
Q

Which battery cell material is susceptible to the Memory Effect (voltage depression caused by repeatedly discharging the battery to a fixed percentage)?

A

Nickel Cadmium

48
Q

Which battery cell material is not susceptible to the Memory Effect but stores a relatively small amount of power relative to its mass-to-volume ratio?

A

Nickel hydrogen

49
Q

Which battery cell material is not susceptible to the Memory Effect and is significantly lighter and more efficient?

A

Lithium ion

50
Q

What is the result of buildup of large electrolyte crystals within the internal chemistry of the battery cell resulting in decreased discharge voltages which appears as decreased charge capacity?

A

Voltage depression

51
Q

What is the discharge of a battery beyond the manufacturer’s specified lower voltage limit, but still above zero volts?

A

Deep discharge

52
Q

What is the process of discharging the battery to the lower voltage limit then charging it at a controlled speed back to full charge without overcharging?

A

Reconditioning

53
Q

What is responsible for allocating power in the correct voltages and currents to the rest of the satellite’s subsystems and payload?

A

Power Management and Distribution (PMAD)

54
Q

What is the process of prioritizing components and shutting off power to less vital components to preserve energy?

A

Load shedding

55
Q

Which subsystem involves the satellite frame, how the other subsystems are attached to the frame, and the threats the frame must face?

A

Structures

56
Q

Which structure type has a specific shape with a honeycomb structure inside where equipment boxes attach?

A

Open truss

57
Q

Which structure type attaches equipment directly to the structure and has no specific shape?

A

Body-mounted

58
Q

Which structure type has a specific shape with some equipment attached to the exterior?

A

Combined

59
Q

What are the 4 types of structural load?

A
  1. Tension
  2. Compression
  3. Shear
  4. Torsion
60
Q

What are the 4 causes of structural load?

A
  1. Acceleration
  2. Vibration
  3. Pyrotechnic Shock
  4. Thermal stress
61
Q

What are the 2 effects of structural load?

A
  1. Stress - load is applied as pressure, force per area
  2. Strain - temporary deformation due to applied load
62
Q

What are the 5 space hazards to the structural subsystem?

A
  1. Thermal radiation
  2. Space vacuum
  3. Micrometeroids and debris
  4. Charged particle radiation
  5. Atomic oxygen
63
Q

What is the rocket which supplies the necessary acceleration needed to transport the satellite into it’s temporary or final orbit?

A

Launch vehicle

64
Q

What is the process of detecting, identifying, observing, and measuring an object without making direct contact?

A

Remote sensing

65
Q

What type of remote sensing measures and records energy that is externally produced off-board? Examples: Electro-Optical Sensors and Infrared Sensors

A

Active

66
Q

What type of remote sensing measures and records energy that it produces on-board? Example: Synthetic Aperture Radar

A

Passive

67
Q

What are the 5 classifications of payload sensors, their type, and energy used?

A
  1. Electro-Optical - passive - EM light
  2. Radar - active - microwaves
  3. Infrared - passive or active - IR energy
  4. SATCOM - passive and active - radio frequency
  5. PNT - passive - radio frequency

Space Shit (10 decks)

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