Donating/Withdrawing Groups

Question 1

Resonance Donors

Answer 1

have an e- pair capable of delocalization
(NR2, OR, F, Cl, Br, I)
activators, direct ortho/para

Question 2

Inductive Donors

Answer 2

direct ortho/para

CH3, alkyl groups

Question 3

Resonance Acceptors

Answer 3

deactivators, direct meta

COR, CN, NO2, SO3H

Question 4

Inductive Acceptors

Answer 4

meta directing
destabilize carbocation at all positions on the ring
(CF3, NR2, OR, X, COR, CN, NO2, SO3H)

Question 5

-NH2

Answer 5

resonance donor
strong activator
ortho/para

Question 6

-OH

Answer 6

resonance donor
strong activator
ortho/para

Question 7

-CH3

Answer 7

inductive donor
weak activator
ortho/para

Question 8

-CF3

Answer 8

inductive withdrawer
deactivator
meta

Question 9

-CO2H

Answer 9

resonance withdrawer
deactivator
meta

Question 10

Halogens

Answer 10

inductive withdrawer/resonance donor
deactivators
ortho/para

Question 11

Alkyl Groups

Answer 11

electron donating by induction and hyperconjugation
activators
Diels-Alder: increase electron density and diene reactivity

Question 12

-OCH3

Answer 12

medium activator

ortho/para

Question 13

-NHCH=OR

Answer 13

weak activator

ortho/para

Question 14

-NO2

Answer 14

resonance acceptor (withdrawing)
strong deactivator
meta

Question 15

-+NR3

Answer 15

strong deactivator

meta

Question 16

-CN

Answer 16

resonance acceptor
strong deactivator
meta

Question 17

-SO3H

Answer 17

resonance/inductive acceptor
medium deactivator
meta

Question 18

-C=OR

Answer 18

resonance/inductive acceptor
medium deactivator
meta

Question 19

Carboxylic Acid

Answer 19

medium deactivator

meta

Question 20

Ester

Answer 20

weak deactivator

meta

Question 21

Aldehyde

Answer 21

weak deactivator

meta