Don't study - Module 9 Flashcards
What is cognition?
Cognition is the process of gaining knowledge and understanding information. It includes attention, perception, learning, memory, decision making, problem solving, planning, and imagination.
What is cognitive fitness?
Cognitive fitness refers to an optimized state of cognition, including the ability to focus, learn, recall information, reason, solve problems, plan, and adapt to changes.
What are some short-term aspects of brain health and cognition?
Short-term aspects include maintaining attention while learning new information, processing and recalling information quickly, adapting to changes in the environment, and having a sense of emotional and psychological well-being.
What are some long-term aspects of brain health and cognition?
Long-term aspects include strong cognitive functioning in old age, capacity for lifelong learning, prevention of age-related cognitive decline, and maintaining emotional and psychological well-being.
What are the four domains of lifestyle factors linked to cognitive function according to the DEEP framework?
The four domains are Diet, Exercise, Education, and Purpose.
What is the DEEP framework?
The DEEP framework organizes modifiable factors impacting brain health and cognition into four domains: Diet, Exercise, Education, and Purpose.
Why might activities spanning multiple domains of the DEEP framework be more beneficial?
Activities spanning multiple domains may be more beneficial because they involve a combination of physical activity, cognitive stimulation, and social connectedness.
What are two important considerations regarding lifestyle factors and brain health?
(1) The effects of any one lifestyle factor in isolation are likely to be subtle, and
(2) different lifestyle factors require different amounts of time and energy to manifest noticeable changes in brain health and cognition.
Which of the following is defined as the state of being able to effectively encode and recall information, focus on salient stimuli, plan, reason, and adapt to a changing environment?
cognitive flexibility
cognitive fitness
cognitive adaptation
executive function
cognitive fitness
Kempermann (2019) organized 50 lifestyle factors and activities linked to brain health into four domains. Which of the following is not one of the four domains in Kempermann’s framework?
diet
exercise
optimism
education
optimism
Which of the following terms is related to the long-term benefits of cognitive stimulation with respect to age-related cognitive decline and dementia?
a). hippocampal volume
b), cognitive reserve
c). resilience
d). b and c
d). b and c
Which of the following is not a factor linked to optimal brain health and cognition in healthy adults?
quality sleep for 10 hours per night
strong social connections
good emotional health (e.g., low levels of stress and anxiety)
good physical health (e.g., low blood sugar and low cholesterol)
quality sleep for 10 hours per night
How does physical exercise promote brain health?
Physical exercise increases the expression of neurotrophic factors, facilitates neurotransmission, enhances waste product clearance, and supports healthy cerebrovasculature.
What changes occur in brain regions associated with cognition due to regular physical exercise?
Neuroimaging studies show that brain regions involved in attention, executive processing, and memory, such as the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, are larger in adults who engage in regular physical exercise.
What did the systematic review of aerobic exercise studies by Duke University researchers find?
Individuals who engaged in regular aerobic exercise exhibited improved attention, processing speed, executive function, and memory compared to those who did not.
How does aerobic exercise affect cognitive performance in older adults?
Aerobic exercise can reduce the risk of age-related cognitive decline and dementia and improve cognitive performance, as shown in a study with women aged 70-80 years.