dominance Flashcards
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What is meiosis?
Cell division that produces haploid cells, each with ½ of the chromosomes.
What is a phenotype?
Physical expression of a trait.
What does heterozygous mean?
One of each allele (e.g., Aa).
What is homozygous dominant?
Two dominant alleles (e.g., AA).
What is homozygous recessive?
Two recessive alleles (e.g., aa).
What is the significance of meiosis?
1) Makes genetic variation (diversity) 2) Ensures healthy reproduction.
What is gametogenesis?
Formation of gametes when cells continue to grow through fertilization.
What is spermatogenesis?
Formation of sperm.
What is oogenesis?
Formation of eggs.
What is a karyotype?
Complete set of chromosomes.
What is simple dominance?
When one allele is dominant over the other.
What is incomplete dominance?
Neither allele is dominant; blending occurs.
What is codominance?
Both alleles are expressed (e.g., AB blood type).
What is multiple allele dominance?
When there are more than two alleles for a gene (e.g., ABO blood type).
What is polygenic inheritance?
Trait controlled by multiple genes (e.g., skin color).
What is Mendelian dominance?
Classic patterns where traits are controlled by one gene with two alleles.
What are sex-linked traits?
Traits determined by genes on sex chromosomes.
What are sex chromosomes?
X and Y chromosomes that determine the sex of offspring.
Fill in the blank: The process of producing sperm is called _______.
spermatogenesis
Fill in the blank: The physical expression of a trait is known as _______.
phenotype
True or False: Homozygous recessive means having two dominant alleles.
False
What are the male and female reproductive parts of a flower?
Male: stamen; Female: pistil.
