Domestic Policy

Question 1

In what ways did Napoleons education policy be considered sucessful?

Answer 1

• 1856-1881 illiteracy rates fell from 31% to 15%
• Only 312 Communes left without school in 1867 (opposed to 2650 in 1850)
• 1866 68% of Children 5-14 were attending school
• Women admitted to medicine in Sorbonne.

Question 2

Who were the sucessful ministers of education who improved education in France under Napoleon?

Answer 2

• Gustave Rouland
• Victor Duruy- created schools for girls in every commune in France

Question 3

In what other respects was Napoleons domestic policy sucessful?

Answer 3

Paternalistic social policies gave concessions to the industrial workers. This improved their lives and increased their support for Napoleon.

Question 4

Give examples of Napoleons paternalistic policies.

Answer 4

• 1864 peaceful strikes were legalised
• the theory of the equality of employer and worker before the law was recognised
• 1868 legality of trade unions was established (this saw opposition from business owners)
• proposals to abolish the working mans passport (the livret) was put forward but legislation was prevented by the outbreak war 1870

Question 5

Why is it arguable that some elements of Napoleons education policy failed?

Domestic Failures

Answer 5

• Victor Duruy resgined due to the opposition he faced when he tried to reduce the influence of the church in French schools
• Reforms in education ceased before free education for all was achieved. Also not everyone had acess to schools.

Maybe bit of a weak point. Do what you will with it.

Question 6

Why can the Paris transformation be reguared as a failure domestically?

Domestic Failures

Answer 6

• ‘facade of grandeur and prosperity’ as in reality it just displaced/moved the slums
• tradesmen displaced, people couldn’t afford to move back
• improvements were often only one street deep e.g. sewers
• Did not aid the slums or poverty problem. 70-80% of Parisians were still too poor to own their property and the rebuilding of Paris only increased the rents.
• Caused discontentment, in 1863 the opposition won in the Paris constituencies (shows opposition to Napoleons policy)