Domain I Flashcards
Food Sciences
When you check overrun, you are checking?
The weight of ice cream
What is the process by which the water content of a vegetable is replaced by concentrated salt solution?
Diffusion
What recipe ingredient should be adjusted if the cake has a crunchy crust and compact moist texture?
Sugar
Why do egg whites beat more easily at room temperature?
The surface tension is lower
What pigment does not change color in an acid or alkaline solution?
Carotenoid
The end products of cellular oxidation are
water carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen
Carbohydrates listed in order of decreasing sweetness are
Fructose, sucrose, glucose, sorbitol
The flakiness of the pie crust depends on
type of fat
if the sole sources of protein are gelatin, growth is inhibited because
a gelatin has not tryptophan and is low in methionine and lysine
A # 10 can hold how many cups of product
13
If you replace half and half with whipping cream in ice cream, the effects of ice crystals will be:
decreased in sizes because there is more fat
Fat produces more calories than carbohydrates because:
fat has more carbon and hydrogen in relation to oxygen
Research has shown that neural tube defects can be reduced with proper supplementation of
Folic acid
The best lab value to use in assessing iron status is
Ferritin
Which is the best flour to use when cakeing cakes?
all purpose
Where is lactose absorbed?
small intestine
What is the desired smoke point for fat, which is the best to use for frying?
400F
Which minerals are involved in carbohydrate metabolism
chromium zinc
Acidic chyme becomes neutralized in the duodenum by
mixing with bicarbonate and fluids
the colon functions in the absorption of:
Water, salts, K, thiamin and riboflavin
To prevent frozen gravy from separating when thawed?
prepare with modified starch
How much fluid is lost through insensible losses?
1 liter
An amino acid that cannot be produced by the body is
Tryptophan
The following is an irreversible reaction?
pyruvic acid into acetyl CoA
Riboflavin, thiamin and niacin are all involved in
Carbohydrate metabolism
An increased plasma pyruvate level is an indication of
Thiamin def
Which of the following stabilizes an egg white form
An acid
Winterized oil
is clear when refrigerated
What may causes an abnormal EKG
High serum potassium level
In the fed state, the brain uses which nutrient as a source of energy
glucose
In starvation, the brain uses which nutrient as a sources of energy
Ketone bodies
Gluconeogenesis is the
Creation of glucose from glycerol and amino acids
Glycolysis is the
Catabolism of carbohydrates
Glycogenolysis is the
breakdown of glycogen releasing glucose
the end product of aerobic glycolysis
Pyruvic acid
Protein-bound iodine (PBI) measures:
Level of thyroxine being produced
The hormone epinephrine:
raises blood glucose during catabolic stress
A provitamin is:
a nutrient that can be converted into a vitamin
The formula for producing the active form of vitamin D
7-dehydrocholesterol converting ito cholecalciferol
In the human body, vitamin K is affected by
anticoagulants and antibiotics
which hormone regulates calcium levels
parathyroid
Pyridoxine acts as a coenzyme in
deamination and transminaiton
which vitamins as synthesized by intestinal bacteria?
Biotin, pantothenic acid, K
Ascorbic acid aids in healing
proline to hydroxyproline to collagen
Biotin is considered a coenzyme in the synthesis of:
Fatty Acid
Food iron is in the _____form
Ferric
Food iron is reduced in the stomach to the more absorbable form of:
Ferrous
Which would aid the absorption of iron supplement?
Oj and hamburger
Bile is produced in the ______ and stored in the _____
Liver, gallbladder
Cholecystokinin causes:
Contractions of the gallbladder
Which enzymes are involved in protein digestion
pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase
Protein digestion begins in the
Stomach
Lactase is produced in the
small intestine
Which enzymes are secreted by the pancreas
Amylase, lipase, cholesterol, esterase, trypsin, chymotrypsin
Which conversion requires glucose-6-phosphatase
Liver glycogen into glucose
NADPH is:
Essential in the synthesis of fatty acids
The following are required for the conversion of pyruvic acid into active?
Thiamin, niacin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, magnesium
Which vitamin acts as a coenzyme in transamination?
pyridoxine
Glucocorticoids are:
Adrenal hormones
Glucocorticoids
convert protein into glucose
Dietary fat enters the blood as _____ and leaves the liver as _____
Chylomicrons, lipoproteins
The oxidation of factty acids forms:
Acetyl CoA
The best way to monitor an infants failure to thrive is to plot:
weight for lenght
Which of the following can be reversed with vitamin A
Nyctalopia
Fresh meat contamination comes mainly from:
Salmonella
Which amino acids must be present in a parenteral solutions?
Tryptophan, phenylalanine, threonline, isoleucine
Iron absorption is enhanced by:
acidic chyme in the duodenum
WHich of the following inhibits gluconeogenesis
Insulin
What foods are low in cholesterol content
peanut buttter and crakers
What is the difference between cake flour and bread flour
cake flour has less gluten, weaker gluten less protein
Vitamin A is involved in
Development of tissue and skin
A patient with metabolic alkalosis
retention of the base by kidneys
Which foods should be washed just before serving
Strawberries and mushrooms
which government agency inspects and grades meat
USDA
If linoleic acid replaces carbohydrates in the diet
LDL decrease and HDL increases
Which is not absorbed directly into the portal blood?
Long chained fatty acids
When substituting buttermilk for whole milk in pastry
increase the baking soda
ground meat will spoil faster than sliced meat because
more surface ares is exposed
Evaporated milk has
Slightly more than half of te water removed
Ketones are most associated with
Fats
Which best describes sorbitol and glucose?
sorbital is absorbed more slowly
What causes egg yolk color to change
Alteration of the feed provided
Which data is needed to convert weight into volume
Specific gravity
The tartness in fruits and vegetables is due to
Tannins
When a whte sauce tastes starchy and grainy, the likely cause is:
uncooked flour
The scientific proces by which water makes lettuce crisp is
osmotic pressure of water filled vacoles
When analyzing correlations, when r-1
there is perfect correlation from one to the other
Which hormones greatly influences he BMR
Thyroxine
If linoleic acid replaces saturated fat in the diet:
Total cholesterol including HDL decrease
Which oil is highest in monounsaturated fatty acid
olive
which oil is highest in saturated fatty acid
Coconut
Which of the following may result in metabolic acidosis
decreased retention of base
Examples of moist heat cooking methods
braising and stewing
Dry heat cookery should be used for which cut of meat?
Near the backbone
what color do onions turn when cooked in an aluminum pan
Yellow
Which cooking method would best convert collagen to gelation in a bottom round roast
Braising
Which method of bread making is not as dependent of the length of time the dough sits to rise
continuous method
Which nutritin is added for flour enrichment
Iorn
What does the term USDA graded on meat tell the consumer
defines quality
A cake with a fallen center may be the result of
too little fat
what milk has the least amount of saturated fat
Evaporated skim milk
a coarse texture in a cake is due to
too much baking powder or sugar
Nitrogen equilibrium is associated with
25-year-old male
Children’s diets are found to be low in iron due to the emphasis on
drinking milk
Which mineral is involved in blood clotting
Calcium
which of the following is true regarding flour
cake flour has least and the weakest gluten
The main function of glycolysis is to provide
pyruvate for the TCA cycle
food service employees should wash their hands for at least
20 seconds
Metabolites of the Kreb’s cycle are:
water, energy, carbon dioxide
Meat graded ‘US Standard” is the grade given at the
Time of slaughter
What can be done to lower the sodium contient of bisuits
use low sodium milk, low sodium baking power
Which pasta contains eggs
Noodles
A patient who is ion deficient should consume_____wiht a good iron sources
OJ
A serum sodium level of 150 Meq/L indicates
dehydration
cabbage should be cooked
in a large quantity of water
To decreases sodium intake you can do what
Sub unsalted margarine for regular margarine
Apples stored in a controlled environment would
have entended life and improved marketing quality
What oils can be winterized
Corn, soy, cottonseed
If a patient is hypokalemic what could you give them
1 p of cantaloupe
A serum sodium level of 150 mEq/L is a sign of
Hypernatremia
To increase potassium intake consume a snack of
grilled cheese and tomato sandwich and strawberries
if protein intake is double which nutrient needs to be increased
Pyridoxine
The level of significiance of test results is a measured using the P value, what would represent the most significant factor.
<0.0002
The cori cycle converts
lactate into pyruvate
Fats high in monounsatureated fatty acids include
olive and conola
Fats high in polyunstatured fatty acids includie
safflower and corn
Green beans cooked in tomato sauce turn___due to ____
olive green pheophytin
If you are on a low phosphorus diet, what food should you most avoid
yogurt
A 5 month old is diagnoced with salmonella what is the most likey cause?
Table Food
An 8 month old baby contracts botulism. What is the likely cause?
Cereal or honey
which is the bes tsource of emulsification
eggs
the kidneys respond to respiratory acidosis by
increaseing the retention of bicarbonate
A surum sodium level of 150 mEq/L may be due to
an increased level of aldosterone
Green peas held on the serving line may turn olive green due to
pheophytin
In cereal production enrichment add
Iron
Cured meat is pink due to
Nitrites
A serum sodium level of 115 mEq/L may be due to
overhydration
butter has fatty acids in what order of predominance
SAT, MUFA, SFA
Margarine has fatty acids in what order of predominance
PUFA, MUFA, SAT
Lactic acid is produced through
glycolysis
Which of the following amino acids is a precursor for serotonin
tryptophan
when on dicumarol, avoid increasing your intake of
spinach
