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cc-t > Domain 4 > Flashcards

Domain 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Simplex?

A

Simplex is one-way communication

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2
Q

What is Half-Duplex

A

Half-Duplex communication sends or receives at one time only.
the communication is either A to B or B to A. it is NOT bidirectional communication.

(think of a walkie talkie, when the button is pressed you are sending and are unable to receive and vice versa)

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3
Q

What is Full-Duplex?

A

Full-Duplex communication sends and receives simultaneously.

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4
Q

What is Baseband?

A

Baseband networks have one channel and can only send one signal at a time

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5
Q

What is Broadband?

A

Broadband networks have multiple channels and can send and receive multiple signals at a time.

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6
Q

Define what the internet is.

A

the internet is a global collection of peered WAN networks, it is really a patchwork of ISPs

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7
Q

What is Circuit Switching

A

Circuit switching is a type of network configuration in which a physical path is obtained and dedicated to a single connection between two endpoints

it is expensive but is always available but today it is less commonly used

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8
Q

Define what an Extranet is

A

an extranet is a connection between private intranets

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9
Q

Define what an Intranet is

A

An intranet is an organisations privately owned network

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10
Q

What is Packet Switching

A

a mode of data transmission in which a message is broken into a number of parts which are sent independently, over whatever route is optimum for each packet, and reassembled at the destination.

it is cheap but there is no capacity guarantee. today it is widely used (how routers send information)

because of how packet switching works, QoS (Quality of Service) gives specific traffic priority over other traffic. example: live video call is prioritised over downloading data

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11
Q

What is UDP

A

User Datagram Protocol

a communications protocol primarily used to establish low-latency and loss-tolerating

UDP is connectionless

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12
Q

What is TCP

A

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a transport protocol that is used on top of IP to ensure reliable transmission of packets.

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13
Q

What is a PAN

A

PAN is Personal Area Network. Its is a computer network used for communication among computers and other IT devices close to one person.

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14
Q

What is LAN

A

Lan is Local Area Network. its a network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area.

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15
Q

What is a MAN

A

a MAN is a Metropolitan Area Network. it is a large computer network that usually covers a city or large campus.

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16
Q

in the OSI model what is layer 7?

A

Application Layer

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17
Q

in the OSI model what is layer 6?

A

Presentation Layer

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18
Q

in the OSI model what is layer 5?

A

Session Layer

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19
Q

in the OSI model what is layer 4?

A

Transport Layer

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20
Q

in the OSI model what is layer 3?

A

Network Layer

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21
Q

in the OSI model what is layer 2?

A

Data Link Layer

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22
Q

in the OSI model what is layer 1?

A

Physical Layer

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23
Q

in the Protocol Data Units (PDU) model, what are the layers?

A

Bits, Frames, Packets, Segments, Data

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24
Q

in the TCP/IP model, what are the layers?

A

Application Layer, Transport Layer, Internetwork Layer, Link and Physical Layer

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25
Q

What layer of the osi model does a hub reside?

A

Layer 1

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26
Q

Layer 1 of the osi model is vulnerable to what threats?

A

Data emanation, theft, eavesdropping, sniffing, interference

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27
Q

What osi layer uses logical link control for error detection

A

layer 2

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28
Q

MAC addresses belong to what layer on the OSI model?

A

layer 2

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29
Q

what are some MAC address threats?

A

MAC spoofing, MAC flooding

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30
Q

What Protocols belong to layer 3 of the osi model?

A

IP, ICMP, IPSEC, IGMP, IGRP, IKE, ISAKMP, IPX

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31
Q

What threats target layer 3 of the osi model?

A

Ping of death,
Ping flood,
Smurf spoof source and directed broadcast,
IP modification,
DHCP attacks

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32
Q

What Protocols belong to layer 4 of the osi model?

A

Transmission control protocol (TCP)
User datagram protocol (UDP)

33
Q

What protocols belong to layer 2 of the osi model?

A

ARP,
CSMA/CD - ethernet,
CSMA/CA - wireless,
token passing

34
Q

a SYN flood targets which layer of the OSI model?

A

layer 4

35
Q

What is a SYN flood?

A

half open TCP sessions, client sends 1000’s of SYN requests but never the ACK

36
Q

What protocols belong to layer 5 of the osi model?

A

NetBIOS, Password authentication protocol (PAP), Point ot point tunneling protocol (PPTP)

37
Q

What protocols belong to layer 7 of the osi model?

A

HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, SNMP, IMAP, POP

38
Q

what is the order of a 3 way handshake?

A

client sends SYN to server
server sends SYN/ACK to client
client sends ACK to server

39
Q

Virus, worms, trojans, buffer overflow, application, or OS
vulnerabilities target what layers in the osi model?

A

5 - 7

40
Q

in the tcp/ip model, the application layer spans which layers in the osi model?

A

5 -7 application, presentation and session layers

41
Q

in the tcp/ip model , the transport layer spans which layers in the osi model?

A

layer 4 transport layer

42
Q

in the tcp/ip model, the internetwork layer spans which layers in the osi model?

A

network layer 3

43
Q

in the tcp/ip model, the link and physical layer spans which layers in the osi model?

A

data link and physical layers, layers 1 and 2

44
Q

ports 0 - 1023 are known as what and are used for what

A

well known ports, mostly used for protocols

45
Q

ports 1024 - 49151 are known as what and are used for what

A

registered ports, mostly used for vender specific applications

46
Q

ports 49152 - 65535 are known as what and are used for what

A

dynamic, private or ephemeral ports, used by anyone for anything

47
Q

port 20 uses which protocol?

A

TCP

48
Q

port 20 is used for what

A

FTP data transfer

49
Q

port 21 uses which protocol

A

TCP

50
Q

port 21 is used for what

A

FTP control

51
Q

port 22 uses which protocol

A

TCP/UDP

52
Q

Port 22 is used for what

A

SSH

53
Q

port 23 uses which protocol

A

TCP

54
Q

port 23 is used for what

A

telnet unencrypted text communications

55
Q

port 25 uses which protocol

A

TCP

56
Q

port 25 is used for what

A

simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP)

57
Q

port 110 uses what protocol

A

TCP

58
Q

port 110 is used for what

A

post office protocol version 3 (POP3)

59
Q

port 143 uses which protocol

A

TCP

60
Q

port 143 is used for what

A

internet message access protocol (IMAP)

61
Q

port 80 uses whih protocol

A

TCP/UDP

62
Q

port 80 is used for what

A

HTTP

63
Q

what ports can HTTP use?

A

80, 8080, 8008

64
Q

what ports can SMTP use?

A

2525 and 25

65
Q

port 443 uses which protocol

A

TCP

66
Q

port 443 is used for what

A

HTTPS

67
Q

port 137 uses which protocol

A

UDP

68
Q

port 137 is used for what

A

NetBIOS name service - used for name registration

69
Q

port 138 uses what protocol

A

TCP/UDP

70
Q

port 138 is used for what

A

netBIOS datagram service

71
Q

port 3389 uses what protocol

A

TCP/UDP

72
Q

port 3389 is used for what

A

Microsoft terminal server (RDP)

73
Q

port 53 is used for what

A

DNS

74
Q

What does ARP do?

A

translates IP addresses into MAC addresses

75
Q

What is ARP (cache) poisoning?

A

an attacker sends fake responses to arp requests

76
Q

What is ICMP

A

internet control message protocol

77
Q

what does ICMP do?

A

ICMP is used for IP addressing, it is also used for ping and TTL (time to live) exceeds in traceroute

78
Q

Explain symmetric encryption

A

Symmetric encryption uses one key (shared key) for both encrypting and decrypting

79
Q

explain asymmetric encryption

A

the sender of the message uses the receivers public key
the recipient of the message then uses their private key to decrypt the message

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