Domain 4

Question 1

What is Simplex?

Answer 1

Simplex is one-way communication

Question 2

What is Half-Duplex

Answer 2

Half-Duplex communication sends or receives at one time only.
the communication is either A to B or B to A. it is NOT bidirectional communication.

(think of a walkie talkie, when the button is pressed you are sending and are unable to receive and vice versa)

Question 3

What is Full-Duplex?

Answer 3

Full-Duplex communication sends and receives simultaneously.

Question 4

What is Baseband?

Answer 4

Baseband networks have one channel and can only send one signal at a time

Question 5

What is Broadband?

Answer 5

Broadband networks have multiple channels and can send and receive multiple signals at a time.

Question 6

Define what the internet is.

Answer 6

the internet is a global collection of peered WAN networks, it is really a patchwork of ISPs

Question 7

What is Circuit Switching

Answer 7

Circuit switching is a type of network configuration in which a physical path is obtained and dedicated to a single connection between two endpoints

it is expensive but is always available but today it is less commonly used

Question 8

Define what an Extranet is

Answer 8

an extranet is a connection between private intranets

Question 9

Define what an Intranet is

Answer 9

An intranet is an organisations privately owned network

Question 10

What is Packet Switching

Answer 10

a mode of data transmission in which a message is broken into a number of parts which are sent independently, over whatever route is optimum for each packet, and reassembled at the destination.

it is cheap but there is no capacity guarantee. today it is widely used (how routers send information)

because of how packet switching works, QoS (Quality of Service) gives specific traffic priority over other traffic. example: live video call is prioritised over downloading data

Question 11

What is UDP

Answer 11

User Datagram Protocol

a communications protocol primarily used to establish low-latency and loss-tolerating

UDP is connectionless

Question 12

What is TCP

Answer 12

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a transport protocol that is used on top of IP to ensure reliable transmission of packets.

Question 13

What is a PAN

Answer 13

PAN is Personal Area Network. Its is a computer network used for communication among computers and other IT devices close to one person.

Question 14

What is LAN

Answer 14

Lan is Local Area Network. its a network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area.

Question 15

What is a MAN

Answer 15

a MAN is a Metropolitan Area Network. it is a large computer network that usually covers a city or large campus.

Question 16

in the OSI model what is layer 7?

Answer 16

Application Layer

Question 17

in the OSI model what is layer 6?

Answer 17

Presentation Layer

Question 18

in the OSI model what is layer 5?

Answer 18

Session Layer

Question 19

in the OSI model what is layer 4?

Answer 19

Transport Layer

Question 20

in the OSI model what is layer 3?

Answer 20

Network Layer

Question 21

in the OSI model what is layer 2?

Answer 21

Data Link Layer

Question 22

in the OSI model what is layer 1?

Answer 22

Physical Layer

Question 23

in the Protocol Data Units (PDU) model, what are the layers?

Answer 23

Bits, Frames, Packets, Segments, Data

Question 24

in the TCP/IP model, what are the layers?

Answer 24

Application Layer, Transport Layer, Internetwork Layer, Link and Physical Layer

Question 25

What layer of the osi model does a hub reside?

Answer 25

Layer 1

Question 26

Layer 1 of the osi model is vulnerable to what threats?

Answer 26

Data emanation, theft, eavesdropping, sniffing, interference

Question 27

What osi layer uses logical link control for error detection

Answer 27

layer 2

Question 28

MAC addresses belong to what layer on the OSI model?

Answer 28

layer 2

Question 29

what are some MAC address threats?

Answer 29

MAC spoofing, MAC flooding

Question 30

What Protocols belong to layer 3 of the osi model?

Answer 30

IP, ICMP, IPSEC, IGMP, IGRP, IKE, ISAKMP, IPX

Question 31

What threats target layer 3 of the osi model?

Answer 31

Ping of death, Ping flood, Smurf spoof source and directed broadcast, IP modification, DHCP attacks

Question 32

What Protocols belong to layer 4 of the osi model?

Answer 32

Transmission control protocol (TCP) User datagram protocol (UDP)

Question 33

What protocols belong to layer 2 of the osi model?

Answer 33

ARP, CSMA/CD - ethernet, CSMA/CA - wireless, token passing

Question 34

a SYN flood targets which layer of the OSI model?

Answer 34

layer 4

Question 35

What is a SYN flood?

Answer 35

half open TCP sessions, client sends 1000's of SYN requests but never the ACK

Question 36

What protocols belong to layer 5 of the osi model?

Answer 36

NetBIOS, Password authentication protocol (PAP), Point ot point tunneling protocol (PPTP)

Question 37

What protocols belong to layer 7 of the osi model?

Answer 37

HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, SNMP, IMAP, POP

Question 38

what is the order of a 3 way handshake?

Answer 38

client sends SYN to server server sends SYN/ACK to client client sends ACK to server

Question 39

Virus, worms, trojans, buffer overflow, application, or OS vulnerabilities target what layers in the osi model?

Answer 39

5 - 7

Question 40

in the tcp/ip model, the application layer spans which layers in the osi model?

Answer 40

5 -7 application, presentation and session layers

Question 41

in the tcp/ip model , the transport layer spans which layers in the osi model?

Answer 41

layer 4 transport layer

Question 42

in the tcp/ip model, the internetwork layer spans which layers in the osi model?

Answer 42

network layer 3

Question 43

in the tcp/ip model, the link and physical layer spans which layers in the osi model?

Answer 43

data link and physical layers, layers 1 and 2

Question 44

ports 0 - 1023 are known as what and are used for what

Answer 44

well known ports, mostly used for protocols

Question 45

ports 1024 - 49151 are known as what and are used for what

Answer 45

registered ports, mostly used for vender specific applications

Question 46

ports 49152 - 65535 are known as what and are used for what

Answer 46

dynamic, private or ephemeral ports, used by anyone for anything

Question 47

port 20 uses which protocol?

Answer 47

TCP

Question 48

port 20 is used for what

Answer 48

FTP data transfer

Question 49

port 21 uses which protocol

Answer 49

TCP

Question 50

port 21 is used for what

Answer 50

FTP control

Question 51

port 22 uses which protocol

Answer 51

TCP/UDP

Question 52

Port 22 is used for what

Answer 52

SSH

Question 53

port 23 uses which protocol

Answer 53

TCP

Question 54

port 23 is used for what

Answer 54

telnet unencrypted text communications

Question 55

port 25 uses which protocol

Answer 55

TCP

Question 56

port 25 is used for what

Answer 56

simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP)

Question 57

port 110 uses what protocol

Answer 57

TCP

Question 58

port 110 is used for what

Answer 58

post office protocol version 3 (POP3)

Question 59

port 143 uses which protocol

Answer 59

TCP

Question 60

port 143 is used for what

Answer 60

internet message access protocol (IMAP)

Question 61

port 80 uses whih protocol

Answer 61

TCP/UDP

Question 62

port 80 is used for what

Answer 62

HTTP

Question 63

what ports can HTTP use?

Answer 63

80, 8080, 8008

Question 64

what ports can SMTP use?

Answer 64

2525 and 25

Question 65

port 443 uses which protocol

Answer 65

TCP

Question 66

port 443 is used for what

Answer 66

HTTPS

Question 67

port 137 uses which protocol

Answer 67

UDP

Question 68

port 137 is used for what

Answer 68

NetBIOS name service - used for name registration

Question 69

port 138 uses what protocol

Answer 69

TCP/UDP

Question 70

port 138 is used for what

Answer 70

netBIOS datagram service

Question 71

port 3389 uses what protocol

Answer 71

TCP/UDP

Question 72

port 3389 is used for what

Answer 72

Microsoft terminal server (RDP)

Question 73

port 53 is used for what

Answer 73

DNS

Question 74

What does ARP do?

Answer 74

translates IP addresses into MAC addresses

Question 75

What is ARP (cache) poisoning?

Answer 75

an attacker sends fake responses to arp requests

Question 76

What is ICMP

Answer 76

internet control message protocol

Question 77

what does ICMP do?

Answer 77

ICMP is used for IP addressing, it is also used for ping and TTL (time to live) exceeds in traceroute

Question 78

Explain symmetric encryption

Answer 78

Symmetric encryption uses one key (shared key) for both encrypting and decrypting

Question 79

explain asymmetric encryption

Answer 79

the sender of the message uses the receivers public key the recipient of the message then uses their private key to decrypt the message