Domain 3 Flashcards
Suggests that all people have three needs, the need to achieve need for power and need for affiliation
McClellans achievement , power, affiliation theory
Two factor theory. Motivation and maintenance approach. maintenance factors service as satisfiers and dissatisfiers.
Harzbergs two factor theory
Attitude of the manager toward employees has an impact on job performance based on managers assumptions as to how employees view work
MacGregor
People inherently dislike work and will avoid it if possible authoritarian workcenter workers prefer to be controlled and directed by pressure motivation Through fear negative autocratic
Theory x
Work is as natural as play or rest management should arrange conditions so workers can achieve goals by directing own efforts positive participative
Theory y
Western electric; Elton Mayo; if you involve people in the process they become more productive the placebo effect special attention improves behavior
Hawthorne studies
Rewards service motivators only under certain circumstances; Employees must believe that effective performance leads to certain rewards and that the rewards offered are attractive to them
Expectancy theory-Beer, Vroom
Focuses on leaders effects on employees motivation to perform; motivation to behave in a particular manner is the result of an expectation that a behavior will result in a particular goal and how strongly a person desires the goal; Based on the expectancy theory
Path goal theory-Evans, House
Leadership style-Demands obedience must control makes most decision
Autocratic
Leadership style-Asks for input but makes the final decision alone
Consultative
Leadership style-By the book follows procedures to the letter
Bureaucratic
Leadership style-Emerging trend in management. Encourage workers to participate in decision-making uses quality circles small groups of employees who meet regularly to identify and solve problems. Increased productivity quality
Participative-try to be
Leadership style-Laissez fair, least control
Free rein
Who created the leadership grid?
Blake, Mouton, McCanse
Leadership grid top right
Team management high concern for people and production most desirable
Top left leadership grid
Country club management employee centered seeking approval and acceptance friendly atmosphere
Leadership grid bottom left
Impoverished management minimum effort to get work done desire to hang on
Leadership grid bottom right
Authority obedience concerned with the task management domination mastery control people are commodities like machines
Leadership grid middle
Middle-of-the-road management
Promote someone to a level of incompetence
Peter principle
Management of conflict four basic systems of organizational leadership
Likert
Each is accountable to only one superiod
Scalar principle
The value of the company is the people. Everyone who will be affected by a decision is involved in making the decision consensus decision-making
Theory z-Ouchi
Theory Z is part of what management approach?
Human relations (behavioral) theory
A system is organized whole composed of interdependent parts
Systems approach
Response to external environment methods that are highly effective in one situation may not work in another results differ because situations differ
Contingency or situational leadership-Fiedler
Work centered, workers must work at fastest pace possible and at maximum efficiency, Find the best way of performing tasks focus on physical aspects of the job not human aspects
Scientific management-Taylor
Type of democratic management that provides control from within. Establish performance goals with employees; participative leadership
Management by objectives;MBO-Drucker
Clarifies roles and responsibilities uses rewards and punishments to achieve goals. Engage in bargaining relationship with their followers
Transactional leader
Agents of change; Inspire followers to become motivated to work towards organizational goals rather than personal gain builds on and extends transactional leadership cultivation of employee acceptance of the group mission. Leaders and followers raise one another to a higher level of motivation and morality
Transformational leadership
Type of leadership that leads to low staff turnover increased morale and team spirit
Transformational leadership
Managers serve as catalyst for change.
Organizational change theory
Functions of management
Plan organize direct control evaluate
Meals per labor hour in acute-care conventional setting
3.5
Meals per labor hour in an extended care facility
5
Meals per labor hour in a cafeteria
5.5
Meals per labor hour in school food service
13-15
Reduce motions and time required
Motion economy
Scale drawing showing path of the worker during a process
Pathway chart or flow diagram
Movement of hands reduces transportation and re-plan work areas
Operation charts
Steps involved in process using symbols
Process chart
Efficiency of equipment placement, studies work motions shows number of movements between pieces of equipment
Cross charts
Skills-Understanding of and proficiency in a specific kind of activity most important lower levels of management
Technical skills
Skills-Ability to work effectively as a group member with people important at all levels but inherited at lower levels of management
Human skills
Skills-Ability to see organization as a whole importance increases at higher ranks of management
Conceptual
More structured and controlled than ordinary brainstorming group. Has authoritative leader controlled interactions closely focused goals rigid enforced procedures responses strictly controlled by a leader, Round Robin reporting leader records ideas group ranks items in priority order
Nominal group technique-Delbeq
Designed to probe expert reminds in a series of written interviews from which some consensus is sought , participants do not meet
Delphi technique
Illustrate the relative importance of problems. Work on the tallest bar or problem that occurs most frequently, 8020 rule 80% of a given outcome results from 20% of an input
Pareto charts
Forcing smoothing avoidance resolve conflict by majority vote Are conflict resolution methods that are
Dominance and suppression
Resolving conflict by a middle ground
Compromise conflict resolution
Conflict is converted into a joint problem-solving situation parties openly try to find a solution they can all accept
Integrative problem solving (conflict resolution method)
Describes in general terms a competent level of nutrition care practice as shown by the NCP
Standards of practice
Describes a comment level of behavior in the professional role six domains of professionalism. Provision of services, Application of research, Communication and application of knowledge, Utilization management of resources, Quality in practice, Competency and accountability
Standards of professional performance SOPP
May introduce and enact a law and can override a veto by the executive branch
The legislative branch (Congress senators representatives)
May veto legislation or sign it into law
The executive branch
May discard a law if it considers it in violation of a person’s basic rights and freedoms
The judiciary
Differences between the two houses are worked out in a…
Joint House-Senate conference committee
Regulates content of food ads enforces truth in labeling challenges product claims I’m proud across the state lines
FTC. Federal Trade Commission
Ensure safety of some domestic and imported food products nutrient composition of labels
FDA
Licenses radio and TV
Federal Communications Commission-FCC
Aggressive form of action plead cause of a group
Advocacy
Activities aimed at influencing public officials and legislators
Lobbying
Guaranteed right to organize and join labor unions. Pro labor. Gave union the right to be bargaining agent created the National Labor Relations Board
National Labor Relations act - Wagner act 1935
Balanced powers of labor and management amended Wagner act , pro management
Taft Harley labor act-Labor-management relations act 1947
Bill of Rights for union members regulate internal union affairs
Landrum-griffin. Labor-management reporting and disclosure act 1959
Reflects required skills and responsibilities. Matches applicants to job, Orientation & training, Employee appraisal
Job description
Duties involved conditions qualifications written for each job
Job specification
What to do and how to do it no time limits
Job breakdown
More similar tasks to alleviate boredom
Job enlargement
Payment required by law to ensure income in the event of unemployment injury or death
Statutory benefits
Must join the union after being hired
Union shop
Can join a union or not
Open shop
Must be member of the union first before hiring
Close shop
Are illegal in public employment government job
Union and closed shops
Steps of collective-bargaining
Bargaining mediation arbitration
Court order to prevent someone from doing something. Management must be present at bargaining session. Before changing the policy can be made it requires that 50% of the Union voting plus one are in favor of the change
Injunction
Appraisal-Ray everyone higher than they deserve
Leniency of error
Appraisal-Rate everyone is average
Error of central tendency
Projects revenues and expenses showing inflow and output of cash over time. Purpose is to determine if funds will be available when needed
Cash budget. Cash flow budget
Uses existing budget as a base and projects changes for the ensuing year in relation to the current budget. Usually begins with this year’s expenses plus an inflation factor. Control oriented prepared at one level of sales or revenue
Traditional(Incremental)
Not this year’s expenses plus an inflation factor begin at zero must justify expenses. Example PPBS-Planning programming budgeting system. Planning oriented
Zero-based budget
Prepared at one level of sales or revenue
Fixed budget
Adjusted to various levels of operation with varying levels of sales revenues throughout the year
Flexible budget
Details what it cost to perform activity
Performance budget
Examples of semi variable costs
Labor maintenance utilities
Already incurred and cannot be recouped by a new decision or alternative; costs involved in studying merits of new computer
Sunk costs
Amount of increase or decrease in cost when you compare alternate choices. Difference in cost between two delivery system
Differential costs
Assets =
Liabilities + capital (Equity)
Assesses ability to meet short-term debt
Liquidity ratios
Equation for inventory turnover rate
Cost of sales(Food cost)/Average inventory cost
Food cost percentage equals
Daily food cost/Daily income
Food cost equals
Food purchases plus foods removed from inventory OR BEGINNING INVENTORY MINUS ENDING INVENTORY PLUS FOOD PURCHASES
Profit margin=
Net profit (profit after all expenses have been paid)/Sales dollars( Revenue)
Cost of the raw food and beverage sold what you are selling
Cost of sales
Profit shown after all expenses have been deducted from sales
Net profit
Profit shown after deducting raw food and beverage (costs of sales) from sales (revenue)
Gross profit
Process of investigating all aspects of a service with the goal of discovering and eliminating unnecessary costs without interfering with the effectiveness of the service
Value analysis
Use of marketing principles to advance a social cause idea or behavior
Social marketing
Filling customers needs or desires
Business marketing
Break even point equals
Fixed Costs (FC)/selling price(SP)-variable cost (VC)
FC/SP-VC
BE in sales volume =
FC/[1-(VC/sales)]
Markup factor equals
100/Food cost percentage
Selling price=
Markup factor times x raw food cost
The cost of ___ may be added to food cost to cover unproductive costs such as losses in preparation cooking serving unavoidable waste
10%
If the food cost percentages 30 and the raw food cost of the item is $.18 what is the selling price using the factor method?
100/30=3.3(Markup factor)
3.3 x 1.8= $.59 selling price
Is including hidden costs 3.3 x (.18 + .018) = $.65 Selling price
Considers raw food cost and direct labor cost involved in making the item
Prime cost method
Prime cost=
Raw food cost + direct labor cost
Items priced lower to drop people in in the hope that they will purchase other items at normal markups
Loss leaders
Cost of profit pricing. Price the product to ensure a predetermined percentage of profit. To determine the target food cost percentage…..
Add up all of the costs (including profit cost) as percentages Subtract the total from 100.
Selling price equals
Total food cost/ Desired food cost percentage
Formal study that retrospectively monitors performance
Audit
Three elements of total quality management
Customers/clients, culture, Counting(Measurement of what constitutes a high-quality service or product and what needs improvement)
Problem-solving technique for implementing TQM
PDCA (Plan do check act) or PDSA ( Plan do study act)
Emphasizes organization and systems rather than individuals. Ideal that systems and performance can always improve. Uses outcome assessment
Continuous quality improvement. Integral part of TQM
Characteristics of criteria
Rumba(Reasonable understandable measurable behavioral achievable)
Rate based indicator have thresholds between
1-99%
Serious event that requires further investigation each time it occurs undesirable but avoidable events
Sentinel event indicator
Level at which a stimulus is strong enough to signal need to respond ; Then begin process to determine why threshold was crossed
Thresholds for evaluation (% #s)
Selling price=
Prime cost x Price factor (markup factor)
