Domain 2 - Word Analysis Flashcards
What is phonological awareness?
The ability to recognize and manipulate individual sounds in spoken language, including words, syllables, and phonemes.
What is phonemic awareness?
The ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual phonemes or sounds in spoken words; a subset of phonological awareness.
Why is phonemic awareness important for reading development?
It helps children understand that spoken words are made up of individual sounds, which is foundational for learning to decode words during reading
What are examples of phonemic awareness activities?
Sound isolation
sound blending,
sound segmentation,
sound manipulation,
How can teachers assess phonemic awareness?
Use informal assessments (such as oral tasks where students identify, blend, segment, or manipulate sounds and spoken words). Tools include matching games, phoneme counting, and blending tasks.
What strategies can help develop phonemic awareness and struggling readers?
Provide explicit instruction, using manipulatives like counters or letter tiles, engage in frequent, oral practice, and model blending and segmenting sounds
How do you differentiate phonemic awareness instruction for English language learners?
Provide additional visual and auditory supports, use native language, make phonological comparisons, and give explicit instruction and sound recognition that may not exist in their home language
What are concepts about print?
The understanding that print carries meaning, the structure of books. What is the title author, directionality, which is left to write or top to bottom, and understanding of words and spaces between words.
How do teachers assess students understanding of concepts about print?
-asking students to point to the title,
-turn the pages correctly,
-show where to start reading,
-identify words versus letters in a text
What is the alphabetic principle?
The understanding that letters and letter patterns represent the sounds of spoken language.
What are strategies for teaching letter recognition?
Use multisensory activities, such as letter sound cards, alphabet songs, tracing letters, and sand, and letter matching games to help students connect letters with their sounds
How can teachers teach the alphabetic principle?
Use explicit phonics instruction where students learn to map sounds to letters, provide opportunities for practice through word building activities, blending sounds, and using decodable texts
How do you assess letter recognition?
Ask students to name letters, identify letter, or match upper and lowercase letters in isolation or within words
What is phonics instruction?
The relationship between phonemes, which are sounds, and graphemes, which are letters, and how to use this relationship to decode words
What are the different approaches to phonics instruction?
- synthetic phonics: teach students to blend individual sounds to form words. 2. analytic phonics: teaching students to analyze whole words to detect sound patterns. 3. embedded phonics: phonics taught within the context of reading meaningful text
What are high frequency, sight words, and why are they important?
These are very common words that do not follow regular phonics patterns. For example, the word the or was. They are important because recognizing these words instantly improves reading fluency.
How should teachers teach site words?
Teach through repetition, using flashcards, word walls, and having students practice reading and writing the words in context
How can teachers assess phonics knowledge?
Use inventories or reading assessments where students decode nonsense words or read words and isolation. Assess students ability to apply phonics rules in their reading and writing.
What strategies can help struggling readers with phonics?
Provide explicit, systematic, instruction. Use multi sensory learning, for example, manipulatives and tracing, and offer repeated practice with decode text
How can teachers differentiate phonics instruction for English language learners?
Focus on explicit instruction of sounds not present in the students native language, use visuals and context, clues, and provide additional oral language practice.
What is syllabic analysis?
Involves teaching students how to divide words into syllables, helping them decode, multisyllabic words by breaking them into smaller, manageable parts
What is structural analysis?
Involves teaching students to identify and understand parts of words, such as prefixes, suffixes, and root words, to help them determine the meaning of unfamiliar words.
What strategies can be used to teach syllabic analysis?
Teach common syllable patterns, for example, open and close syllables, use clapping exercises to break words into syllables, and provide practice with multisyllabic words in reading and writing
What are examples of structural analysis activities?
Word, building exercises, sorting words by affixes, teaching common roots, and their meanings, and using graphic organizers to break down work parts
