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A+ Core 1 > Domain 2: Networking > Flashcards

Domain 2: Networking Flashcards

1
Q

What are two protocols that are referred to connection-oriented protocols?

A

SSH, HTTPS

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2
Q

What are three common applications that make use of TCP?

A

file transfer, email communication, web browsing

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3
Q

What are common applications of UDP?

A

video conferencing, live streaming, online gaming, VoIP

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4
Q

What is a NIC?

A

48-bit MAC address

NIC stands for Network Interface Card, which uniquely identifies a device on a network.

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5
Q

What does the link light on a NIC indicate?

A

Light is plugged in on both sides

The link light verifies that there is a physical connection established.

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6
Q

What does the activity light on a NIC do?

A

Blinks as data goes through the interface

It indicates network activity on the NIC.

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7
Q

How does a hub communicate?

A

Using broadcasting

Hubs send data packets to all connected devices in the network.

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8
Q

What protocol does a hub use to manage collisions?

A

CSMA/CD

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection is used to manage data collisions.

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9
Q

What is the function of an AP?

A

Uses radio frequencies to transmit host data

AP stands for Access Point, which allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network.

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10
Q

What components do SOHO routers typically include?

A
  • Firewall
  • Switch
  • Wireless
  • DHCP

SOHO stands for Small Office/Home Office.

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11
Q

What is a DSL modem?

A

Digital subscriber line; internet that uses telephone lines

DSL modems provide internet access via existing phone lines.

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12
Q

What does ONT stand for?

A

Optical network terminal

ONT converts optical signals from fiber into separate signals for TV, voice, and data.

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13
Q

What is SDN?

A

Software-defined networking

SDN is a piece of software that controls the traffic in the network.

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14
Q

What is the standard PoE specification?

A

IEEE 802.3af

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15
Q

How much power does Standard PoE provide?

A

15.4W (12.95W usable)

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16
Q

What voltage range does Standard PoE operate at?

A

~44–57V

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17
Q

What devices typically use Standard PoE?

A

VoIP phones, simple WAPs

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18
Q

What is the PoE+ specification?

A

IEEE 802.3at

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19
Q

How much power does PoE+ provide?

A

30W (25.5W usable)

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20
Q

What voltage range does PoE+ operate at?

A

~50–57V

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21
Q

What devices typically use PoE+?

A

WAPs, IP cams, some lighting

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22
Q

What is the PoE++ (Type 3) specification?

A

IEEE 802.3bt Type 3

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23
Q

How much power does PoE++ (Type 3) provide?

A

60W (51W usable)

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24
Q

What voltage range does PoE++ (Type 3) operate at?

A

~50–60V

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25
Q

What devices typically use PoE++ (Type 3)?

A

Video phones, multi-radio WAPs

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26
Q

What is the PoE++ (Type 4) specification?

A

IEEE 802.3bt Type 4

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27
Q

How much power does PoE++ (Type 4) provide?

A

100W (71–90W usable)

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28
Q

What voltage range does PoE++ (Type 4) operate at?

A

~50–60V

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29
Q

What devices typically use PoE++ (Type 4)?

A

Laptops, flat panel displays, PTZ cameras

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30
Q

What are characteristics of cable modems?

A

They have cables that carry TV signals. They use coaxial cabling. They use shared bandwidth.

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31
Q

What are characteristics of DSL modems?

A

They have dedicated bandwidth. They use twisted-pair cabling. They are telephone lines.

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32
Q

What tool allows to identify bad port of a network device?

A

Loopback plug

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33
Q

What can you ping to check functionality of NIC?

A

::1
localhost
127.0.0.1

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34
Q

What is port flapping?

A

A condition where port light on a network rapidly alternates between up and down states. Usually related to faulty or unsupported cable and/or incorrect link synchronization settings such as speed and duplex mismatch.

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35
Q

What is the frequency band used by 802.11a?

A

5 GHz

802.11a operates on the 5 GHz frequency band, which is less crowded than 2.4 GHz bands.

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36
Q

What is the maximum speed of 802.11b?

A

Up to 11 Mbps

802.11b supports a maximum speed of 11 Mbps, which is lower compared to other standards.

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37
Q

What is the indoor range of 802.11g?

A

~150 ft indoors

802.11g has a similar range to 802.11b but offers higher speeds.

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38
Q

Which standard was the first to use MIMO technology?

A

802.11n

MIMO stands for Multiple Input Multiple Output, enhancing data throughput.

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39
Q

What is the maximum theoretical speed of 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6)?

A

Up to 9.6 Gbps

This speed is theoretical and achieved under optimal conditions.

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40
Q

Fill in the blank: 802.11ac uses _______ and beamforming technologies.

A

MU-MIMO

MU-MIMO allows multiple users to be served simultaneously, improving network efficiency.

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41
Q

What is a key advantage of 802.11ax over previous standards?

A

Higher efficiency

802.11ax is designed to perform better in crowded areas with many devices.

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42
Q

True or False: 802.11g is backward compatible with 802.11b.

A

True

This compatibility allows devices using 802.11b to connect to 802.11g networks.

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43
Q

What is the maximum range of 802.11n indoors?

A

~300+ ft indoors

802.11n provides an extended range due to the use of multiple antennas.

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44
Q

What frequency bands does 802.11ax operate on?

A

2.4 & 5 GHz

This dual-band capability helps in managing network traffic more effectively.

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45
Q

What is the maximum speed of 802.11ac?

A

Up to 1.3+ Gbps

802.11ac offers significantly increased speeds compared to earlier standards.

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46
Q

What is the frequency of 2.4 GHz used for?

A

Long range communications with slower speeds.

2.4 GHz has 11 channels available, of which 1, 6, and 11 offer the best chance for minimizing interference as they are non-overlapping channels.

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47
Q

What is the frequency of 5 GHz used for?

A

Short range communications with faster speeds.

5 GHz has a total of 45 channels, including 24 non-overlapping channels.

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48
Q

What is long range fixed wireless?

A

Used to connect wireless devices over miles, usually employs point-to-point directional antennas.

It can come licensed or unlicensed.

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49
Q

What does Syslog do?

A

Receives logs from devices in a network.

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50
Q

What are the three server roles in network management?

A
  • Authentication
  • Authorization
  • Accounting
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51
Q

What is the purpose of spam gateways?

A

Keeps spam from entering emails.

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52
Q

What does UTM stand for?

A

Unified Threat Management.

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53
Q

What does UTM combine?

A
  • Antimalware
  • Firewall
  • Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
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54
Q

What is the function of load balancers?

A

Allows multiple servers to serve the same amount of traffic.

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55
Q

What are proxy servers used for?

A

Can be used to filter out traffic.

56
Q

What does SCADA stand for?

A

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition.

57
Q

What is a characteristic of SCADA systems?

A

Legacy system used to provide gas and electric power, needs to be sectioned off from the network.

58
Q

Name some protocols for IoT.

A
  • Z-Wave
  • Zigbee
  • Bluetooth
  • NFC
  • Infrared (IR)
  • RFID
  • 802.11
59
Q

What are characteristic of Bluetooth?

A

2.4 GHz frequency range. Used for connecting devices in WPAN. Short-range wireless technology.

60
Q

Which antenna type is least suitable for long-range point-to-point bridging links?

A

omnidirectional antenna

61
Q

What are directional antenna types suitable for long range point to point bridging links?

A

Yagi antenna. Dish antenna. Parabolic antenna.

62
Q

Which identification badge can be held within a certain distance of a reader to authenticate the badge holder?

A

RDIF badge

63
Q

What is the starting bit for Class A IP addresses?

64
Q

What is the range of the first octet for Class A IP addresses?

65
Q

What is the default subnet mask for Class A IP addresses?

A

255.0.0.0 ( /8 )

66
Q

How many hosts per network does Class A support?

A

~16 million

67
Q

What is the typical usage for Class A networks?

A

Large networks (e.g. ISPs)

68
Q

What is the starting bit for Class B IP addresses?

69
Q

What is the range of the first octet for Class B IP addresses?

70
Q

What is the default subnet mask for Class B IP addresses?

A

255.255.0.0 ( /16 )

71
Q

How many hosts per network does Class B support?

72
Q

What is the typical usage for Class B networks?

A

Medium networks (e.g. schools)

73
Q

What is the starting bit for Class C IP addresses?

74
Q

What is the range of the first octet for Class C IP addresses?

75
Q

What is the default subnet mask for Class C IP addresses?

A

255.255.255.0 ( /24 )

76
Q

How many hosts per network does Class C support?

77
Q

What is the typical usage for Class C networks?

A

Small networks (e.g. homes)

78
Q

What is the starting bit for Class D IP addresses?

79
Q

What is the range of the first octet for Class D IP addresses?

80
Q

What is the default subnet mask for Class D IP addresses?

A

N/A (Multicast)

81
Q

What is the typical usage for Class D addresses?

A

Multicast groups

82
Q

What is the starting bit for Class E IP addresses?

83
Q

What is the range of the first octet for Class E IP addresses?

84
Q

What is the default subnet mask for Class E IP addresses?

A

N/A (Experimental)

85
Q

What is the typical usage for Class E addresses?

A

Research only

86
Q

What is the reserved IP address range for loopback addresses?

87
Q

What is the private IP range for Class A?

A

10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255

88
Q

What is the private IP range for Class B?

A

172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255

89
Q

What is the private IP range for Class C?

A

192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255

90
Q

What is the total number of bits in an IPv4 address?

91
Q

What is the total number of bits in an IPv6 address?

92
Q

What does BOOTP stand for?

A

Bootstrap Protocol

93
Q

What is the purpose of BOOTP?

A

To automatically define IP addresses

94
Q

In what year was BOOTP introduced?

95
Q

What does DORA stand for in DHCP?

A

Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledge

96
Q

What are two options for configuring a static IP address?

A
  • Disable DHCP on the device
  • Configure IP reservation on the DHCP server
97
Q

What does APIPA stand for?

A

Automatic Private IP Addressing

98
Q

What occurs when DHCP does not provide an IP address?

A

APIPA is used, and the device cannot communicate outside the local network

99
Q

What are RR in the context of DNS?

A

Resource Records

100
Q

How many different record types exist in DNS?

A

30 different record types

101
Q

What does an Address record (A or AAAA) define?

A

The IP address of a host

102
Q

What is the difference between A records and AAAA records?

A
  • A records are for IPv4 addresses
  • AAAA records are for IPv6 addresses
103
Q

What does MX stand for in DNS records?

A

Mail Exchanger

104
Q

What is the purpose of an MX record?

A

Determines the host name for the mail server

105
Q

What is the function of a TXT record in DNS?

A

Contains human-readable text information

106
Q

What is the purpose of SPF?

A

Lists all servers authorized to send emails for a domain

107
Q

What does DKIM stand for?

A

DomainKeys Identified Mail

108
Q

What is the function of DKIM?

A

Digitally signs a domain’s outgoing mail

109
Q

What does DMARC stand for?

A

Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance

110
Q

What is the purpose of DMARC?

A

Prevents unauthorized email use

111
Q

What are DHCP pools?

A

Groupings of IP addresses

112
Q

What does the T1 timer do in DHCP renewal?

A

Checks in with the lending DHCP server to renew the IP address

113
Q

What is the lease time for DHCP?

114
Q

What is the T2 timer used for in DHCP?

A

Attempts to rebind with any DHCP server if the original server is down

115
Q

What are Virtual LANs?

A

Groups of devices in the same broadcast domain, separated logically

116
Q

What is satellite networking?

A

Communication to a satellite with high latency

117
Q

What is the typical download speed for satellite networking?

118
Q

What is the typical upload speed for satellite networking?

119
Q

What is fiber broadband based on?

A

Frequencies of light

120
Q

What is cable broadband based on?

A

Transmission across multiple frequencies

121
Q

What does DOCSIS stand for?

A

Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification

122
Q

What is the speed range for high-speed cable networking?

A

50 Mbit/s to 1000 Mbit/s

123
Q

What is a WISP?

A

Wireless Internet Service Provider

124
Q

What does a MAN stand for?

A

Metropolitan Area Network

125
Q

What does SAN stand for?

A

Storage Area Network

126
Q

What is the characteristic of a SAN?

A

Looks and feels like a local storage device and requires a lot of bandwidth

127
Q

What is the function of a WiFi analyzer?

A

Monitors wireless networks

128
Q

What does a tone generator do?

A

Puts an analog sound on the wire

129
Q

What is the purpose of a toner probe?

A

Finds wire

130
Q

What is an inductive probe?

A

Does not need to touch the copper

131
Q

What is the purpose of intercepting network traffic?

A

Sends a copy to a packet capture device

132
Q

What is a physical tap?

A

Disconnects the link and puts a tap in the middle

133
Q

What are the two types of physical taps?

A
  • Active tap
  • Passive tap
134
Q

What is port mirroring?

A

Port redirection, also known as SPAN (Switched Port Analyzer)

135
Q

What are IPv6 loopback addresses?

A

::1, 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1

136
Q

What is the most common type of DSL internet access?

137
Q

What type of network consists of computers and peripheral devices that use high-frequency radio waves to communicate with each other?

A+ Core 1 (5 decks)

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