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Comptia A+ 1101 > Domain 2: Networking > Flashcards

Domain 2: Networking Flashcards

1
Q

IP

A

Internet Protocol

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2
Q

IP Payloads

A

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

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3
Q

“In the clear”

A

Not encrypted

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4
Q

How does TCP work?

A

Requires formal setup/teardown process to establish protocol. Flow control so one side doesn’t get data too fast.
-called reliable system because data is confirmed to reach destination.

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5
Q

Examples of TCP

A

HTTPS and SSH

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6
Q

How does UDP work?

A

No formal setup process, for real time communication.
-called unreliable system as there’s no conformation that data was sent/received.

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7
Q

Examples of UDP

A

DHCP and TFTP

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8
Q

Multiplexing

A

Multiple applications at the same time; data signals use the same channel without interference.

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9
Q

IPv4 Sockets

A

~Server IP address, protocol, Server application port number,.
~Client IP address, protocol, client port number.

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10
Q

Non-Ephemeral Ports

A

Permanent; ports 0-1023. Usually on a server or service.

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11
Q

Ephemeral Port

A

Temporary port numbers; ports 1024-65,535. Determined in real time by client.

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12
Q

Most servers use…

A

Non-Ephemeral ports.

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13
Q

Key fact about ports

A

Ports are for communication, not security.

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14
Q

Key fact about TCP/UDP using ports

A

TCP and UDP can use the same port numbers at the same time.

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15
Q

FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

A

TCP 20/21. File transfer between systems

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16
Q

Telnet

A

TCP 23; in the clear remote command console access

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17
Q

SSH (Secure Shell)

A

TCP 22; Encrypted communication for command console

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18
Q

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

A

TCP 25; only sending mail, not receiving

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19
Q

DNS (Domain Name System)

A

UDP 53; converts names to IP addresses. Critical resources
-www.professermesser.com =162.159.246.164

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20
Q

HTTP/HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol/Secure)

A

TCP 80: http; web server communication
TCP 443: HTTPS; web server communication + encryption

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21
Q

POP3/IMAP4

A

both receive emails from email server.
~Post Office Protocol v3 (TCP 110). Basic mail transfer functionality.
~Internet Message Access Protocol v4 (TCP 143). includes management of email inboxes from multiple clients

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22
Q

RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol)

A

TCP 3389; share desktop control from remote location.
~can connect to entire desktop or application.
~clients for Windows, macOS, Linux, Unix, iPhone, Android, and others

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23
Q

SMB (Server Message Block)

A

Windows file/printer sharing protocol.
~uses NetBIOS.

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24
Q

NetBIOS name services (nbname)

A

UDP 137

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25
Q

NetBIOS Datagram service (nbdatagram)

A

UDP 138

26
Q

NetBIOS session service (nbsession)

A

TCP 139

27
Q

NetBIOS-less

A

TCP 445; direct SMB communication over TCP without NetBIOS transport.

28
Q

SMB is also referred to as

A

CIFS (Common Internet File System)

29
Q

AFP (Apple Filing Protocol)

A

TCP 548; file services in macOS. Copy, move, delete files.

30
Q

AFP works with…

A

SLP (Service Location Protocol). TCP/UDP 427.

31
Q

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

A

UDP 67/68; automated configuration of IP addresses, subnet mask and other options.
~requires DHCP server.

32
Q

Dynamic/pooled (DHCP)

A

IP addresses are assigned in real-time from a pool of addresses.

33
Q

DHCP Reservation

A

Addresses are assigned by MAC address in the DHCP server.

34
Q

LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol)

A

TCP 389; store and retrieve information in a network directory

35
Q

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)

A

Gather statistics from network devices.
~Traps: UDP 162
~Queries: UDP 161

36
Q

SNMP v1

A

Original.
~structured tables, not encrypted.

37
Q

SNMP v2

A

A good step ahead.
~data type enhancements. Bulk transfers. Non encrypted.

38
Q

SNMP v3

A

Secure standard.
~message integrity. Authentication. Encrypted.

39
Q

Router

A

Routes traffic between IP subnets. Often connects diverse network types (LAN, WAN, copper, fiber)

40
Q

Switch

A

Briding done in hardware. ASIC (Application-specific integrated circuit). Forwards traffic based on data link address.
~core of an enterprise network.

41
Q

PoE

A

Power over Ethernet.

42
Q

Unmanaged Switch

A

Very few configuration options. Fixed configuration (No VLANs). Very little integration with other devices (no management protocols). Low price point.

43
Q

Managed Switch

A

VLAN support. Traffic priority (voice traffic priority higher). Redundancy support (STP). Port mirroring. External management (SNMP)

44
Q

STP

A

Spanning Tree Protocol

45
Q

Access Point

A

Wireless connectivity for local network (Not a wireless router). Also called a bridge.
~makes forwarding decisions based on MAC address.

46
Q

Patch Panel

A

Combination of punch-down blocks and RJ-45 connectors. Can easily be changed.

47
Q

Firewall

A

Filters traffic by port number.
~OSI Layer 4 (TCP/UDP)
Can encrypt traffic in/out of network.

48
Q

Most firewalls can be…

A

Layer 3 devices (routers)

49
Q

How does PoE work?

A

Power is provided on an Ethernet cable. Power provided at the switch

50
Q

PoE standard

A

PoE: IEEE 802.3af-2003
~15.4 watts DC, 350 mA max current.
~802.3 standard

51
Q

PoE+

A

IEEE 802.3at-2009
~25.5 watts DC, 600mA max current.
~802.3 standard

52
Q

PoE++

A

IEEE 802.3bt-2018
~51W (Type 3), 600mA max
~71.3W (Type 4), 960mA max.
~PoE with 10GBASE-T

53
Q

Hub

A

“Multi-port repeater” (traffic going in one port is repeated to all others). Half-duplex. Less efficient as traffic increases.

~found in 10Mb and 100Mb, not common.

54
Q

Broadband

A

Transmission across multiple frequencies. Data on “cable” network. Speeds up to 1Gbps (depends on provider)

55
Q

DOCSIS

A

Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification.

56
Q

DSL Modem

A

ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)
~uses telephone lines.
Download speed faster than upload speed (Asymmetric).

57
Q

ONT (Optical Network Terminal)

A

Commedt the ISP fiber network to copper network.
~terminal box on side of building.

58
Q

NIC (Network Interface Card)

A

The fundamental network device.
~every device on the network has a NIC.
Specific to the network type (WAN, Wireless, Ethernet). Often built-in motherboard (or added as expansion card).

59
Q

SDN (Software Defined Networking)

A

Networking devices have different functional planes of operation. Splits functions into separate logical units.

60
Q

Infrastructure Layer/Data Plane

A

Process the network frames and packets (forwarding, trunking, encrypting, NAT).
Application layer/management plane and Control layer/plane

61
Q

Control Layer/Plane

A

Manages the actions of the data plane. Routing tables, session tables, NAT tables. Dynamic routing protocol updates

62
Q

Application Layer/Management Plane

A

Configure and manage the device.
~SSH, browser, API

Comptia A+ 1101 (2 decks)

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