Domain 11 Module: Environmental Accessibility (6 test questions)

Question 1

useful and marketable for people with diverse abilities, same means of use for all users
Examples: power doors with sensors, integrated seating in public arenas

Answer 1

Equitable use

Question 2

accommodates a wide range of preferences and abilities, provides choice in use based on hand preference, pace, etc.
Examples: scissors made for ambidextrous use, ATM with braille, headphone jack, tapered opening

Answer 2

Flexibility in use:

Question 3

easy to understand, not complex, consistent with expectations, can be used regardless of language, information consistent with importance
Examples: moving sidewalks, instructions with pictures only

Answer 3

Simple and intuitive use

Question 4

communicates necessary information effectively regardless of conditions or user’s sensory abilities
Examples: tactile, visual, audible cues on thermostat, voice communication and signs in airports or train stations

Answer 4

Perceptible Information:

Question 5

minimizes hazards and adverse consequences of accidental use, provides warnings, designed to be fail safe
Examples: “undo” feature on computer software that allows errors to be fixed

Answer 5

Tolerance for Error:

Question 6

used efficiently and comfortably with minimum fatigue, neutral body position, reducing repetition
Examples: lever handles on doors, touch lamps

Answer 6

Low Physical Effort:

Question 7

appropriate space provided for individual regardless of size, shape, posture, or mobility, clear line of sight to important elements, comfortable reach, accommodations for grip strength
Examples: wide gates at subways and train stations that accommodate all users

Answer 7

Size and space for approach and use

Question 8

Moving purposefully through the environment toward a destination

Orientation in our complexly built environment is facilitated for all persons by information such as numbers on rooms, elevators, and buildings

Planning and strategic components that guide action, deliberate movement and the ability to reach a goal.

Answer 8

wayfinding

Question 9

Users can anticipate locations of facilities such as stairs located next to elevators or men’s and women’s restrooms being adjacent to one another * Help all users solve orientation problems.

Answer 9

Logical layout

Question 10

Environments in which key features such as handrails, stair nosings (leading edges) and doors have high visual contrast with their surroundings and safer and more negotiable for all sighted, low vision, and blind persons.

It is the ability of the learner to be able to see and an object

Lighting can affect the learners visibility level by either having too much light or not enough

The user can use the visibility of an object or an area to travel safer.

Answer 10

Visibility

Question 11

The amount of light that is provided by natural or artificial that can help or hurt a low vision learner
represents the simple most critical problem for students with low vision student can struggle from night blindness and need more light to see
Student can struggle from night blindness and need more light to see students may struggle with glare from too much lighting
Photophobia affects the learners ability to see with bright lights or certain lights
enhances visibility of signs and architectural features and does not cause glare or heavy shadows.
optimal conditions varies per person, in general, persons with low vision are thought to need between 50 and 100% more lighting than the unimpaired person

Answer 11

lighting

Question 12

List three ingredients of sign legibility

Answer 12

Well-lit (no glare)
Well placed (easy to locate, consistent)
Well-designed (legible font, high contrast, easy to understand)

Question 13

What is the recommended placement of an audible pedestrian signal (APS)?

Answer 13

no more than 10 feet from the curb line;

as close as possible to the line of the associated crosswalk that is farthest from the center of the intersection.

Additional devices should be at least 10 feet apart.

Question 14

Explain the benefit of APS to a learner with a visual impairment.

Answer 14

a) Enable the traveler to cross the street with additional time
b) Audible information will be helpful for some travelers to locate which street is ready to be crossed
c) Vibrotactile arrow helps dual sensory impaired person

Question 15

Describe the effectiveness of tactile guidestrips when used at street crossings.

Answer 15

a) Aides person in maintaining line of travel especially useful are the ones with tactile strips on the outer wrung

b) Good information for the person about to step off the curb

Question 16

Difficult to recognize which vehicle to enter, where person is when vehicle is in motion, deal with layovers, crowding, finding transfer points when changing vehicles, finding crossing point as to where cross when leaving or entering transit station

Lack of uniformity with and between the transit systems

The locations of bus stops vary from street to street. It is often difficult to determine bus numbers and routes.

The layout of the rail stations are inconsistent because everything such as platforms, exits, stairs, bathrooms, etc. vary from station to station.

Answer 16

Issues

Question 17

Verbal, tactile maps, platform edge with DW or barriers, bus stop signs with Talking Signs

Tactile guidestrips indicate platform edges; Need to locate track number, audio announcements, high contrast/no glare

Technology such as RIAS, talking directories, auditory and tactile transit system maps, tactile pathways, accessible fare machines, and detectable warnings at platform edges can provide significant benefits.

Signage with high contrast, large-print raised letters and braille mounted at eye level in well-lit areas with predictable, consistent locations can improve accessibility at transit stations.

Answer 17

Modifications

Question 18

Describe the technology involved in purchasing a ticket in a modern transit system and the challenges for the learner with a visual impairment.

Answer 18

Many technologies exist ticket purchase equipment typically requires the user to follow a particular sequence to insert money, locate and press a number of buttons and remove a ticket.

In order to know the value of a ticket user may be required to read electronic messages

Turnstiles typically require that tickets be inserted in a particular direction in some locations, in order to purchase a ticket with the correct value for a specific trip, riders must locate their origin and destination on a map to determine the number of fare zones between them, or they must refer to table of fairs for different destinations.

Automatic tellers are required to be speech-enabled and braille instruction initiating the speech.

Question 19

Explain how an O&M specialist could achieve an environmental modification that addresses barriers to accessibility.

Answer 19

Client and O&M instructor make a request to buildings or intersections through the owner of building or city

O&M instructor can follow up with a letter or demonstration of issues at intersection or in building

Request a review by an engineering authority.

Adapt stairs/lighting for contrast.

Communicate with site supervisors regarding needs

Question 20

U.S. guidelines limit the amount by which objects can protrude from a wall or from a signpost. Below 27 inches and above 80 inches
Objects or signs may extend any distance into the hallway or sidewalk, as long as minimum passage width requirements are met
Obstacles that have leading edges more than 27 inches above the floor or ground and lower than 80 inches above the floor or ground are not allowed to protrude into the travel path more than 4 inches
ADA guidelines for post-mounted signs and objects are not consistent. ADA allows signs to protrude 12 inches from posts, while Draft PROWAG limits post-mounted objects to 4 inches maximum protrude
Where there is no alternative to mounting a large sign on a pole, the sign should be mounted on two poles placed at both sides of the sign and a crossbar should connect the two poles at the height about 12 inches

Answer 20

Protruding objects

Question 21

In general, stairs are considered to be safest and easiest to negotiate when treads and risers are at a moderate width and height and the dimensions are the same for the full width of each stair and for the entire length of a staircase
When handrails are continuous on both the inside and outside of the staircase and when the ends of handrails protrude horizontally about 1 foot beyond the top and bottom of the stairs, the ends of handrails must be rounded and returned to the wall, floor, or a post in such a way that they do not become protruding objects.
Adequate lighting at stairs is also important for visual recognition of stair locations.
It is extremely helpful if the nosing, the front edge, of stairs contrast visually with the treads and risers.
Draft PROWAG specifies a minimum 2-inch strip at the front of each tread that contrasts visually with the tread and riser

Answer 21

Stairs

Question 22

ADAAG required detectable warnings 2 feet wide along the edge of transit platforms.
ADAAG requires that the detectable warning surface be placed 24 inches deep on the edge of all newly constructed or altered transit platforms, and in key stations of a system.
As stations are altered or reconstructed, detectable warnings will eventually be installed in all stations

Answer 22

platforms at rail stations