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CompTIA A+ 1102 > Domain 1.0 - Operating Systems > Flashcards

Domain 1.0 - Operating Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 characteristics for Windows 10 overall.

A

Released July 29, 2015.
Single platform for all devices.
More than twelve different released versions, latest is 22H2.

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2
Q

Name 4 things about Windows 10 Home.

A
  • Default version for consumer.
  • Integration with Microsoft accounts and OneDrive.
  • Includes Windows Defender (antivirius and anti-malware)
  • Includes Cortana (use has decreased)
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3
Q

Name 4 things about Windows 10 Pro

A
  • Basic professional version.
  • Remote desktop option.
  • Includes BitLocker (FDE or Full Disk Encryption)
  • Can join Windows AD
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4
Q

Name 4 things about Windows 10 Pro for Workstations

A
  • An edition for high-end desktops.
  • Max of four physical CPUs.
  • Supports up to 6 TB RAM.
  • Support for ReFS (Resilient File System, same as Windows Server)
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5
Q

Name 4 things about Windows 10 Enterprise

A
  • Built for large implementations ( Volume licensing)
  • AppLocker ( Control what applications can run)
  • BranchCache (Remote site file caching)
  • Granular UX Control (Define user environment, useful for kiosk and workstation customization)
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6
Q

What are the Windows 10 x86 minimum hardware requirements?

A

1 GHz or faster CPU, 1 GB RAM or more, 32 GB free disk space or more, Microsoft DirectX9 with WDDM driver (minimum of 800 x 600)

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7
Q

What are the Windows 10 x64 minimum hardware requirements?

A

Same as the x86, but needs 2 GB RAM or more instead of just 1 GB RAM.

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8
Q

Domain Services

A
  • Large database of objects on the network.
    *Everything documented in one place, user accounts; servers; volumes; printers.
  • Distributed architecture. (Many servers)
  • Useful for authentication and centralized management.
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9
Q

Windows Workgroups are:

A

Logical groups of network devices. Each device is a standalone system, everyone is a peer.

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10
Q

Window Domains are:

A

Used in business networks for centralized authentication and device access / management.

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11
Q

What ususally separates work and home desktop styles?

A

Home: Complete flexibility.
Work: Standard desktop, common UI, customization very limited usually

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12
Q

Bitlocker vs EFS?

A

BitLocker: Full Disk Encryption (FDE)
EFS: Protect individual files and folders, built into NTFS

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13
Q

Upgrade paths for Windows include:

A

Upgrade to Windows 10 from Windows 7 or 8.1
Upgrade to Windows 11 from Windows 10.
Or between similar editions. For example, WIN11 Home to WIN11 Pro.

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14
Q

Post-installation process is:

A
  1. Does it boot?
  2. Install the following:
    Any more OS updtes
    Security patches
    Security apps
    Driver updates
    Driver installations
    Service packs.
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15
Q

Dir (Command)

A

List files and directories.

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16
Q

cd / chdir (command

A

Change the working directory

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17
Q

md, cd, rd (Command)

A

Move directory, change directory, remove directory

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18
Q

copy command parameters

A

/v - verifies that files are copied correctly.
/y - suppresses all prompts to confirm overwrite of existing files.

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19
Q

Xcopy (command)

A

Copies files and directory trees.

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20
Q

Robocopy (command)

A

Copies files from source to destination.

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21
Q

DiskPart (command)

A

Creates partitions from an available disk.

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22
Q

Winver (command)

A

Provides information about the current Windows version.

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23
Q

gpupdate (command)

A

gpupdate /target:{computer | user} /force

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24
Q

gpresult (command)

A

Verify group policy settings for computer or user.

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25
Q

Netstat (command) parameters

A
  • a - shows all active connections.
    -b - shows all binaries; requires admin rights
  • n - does not resolve hostnames
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26
Q

Nslookup (command)

A

Looks up information from DNS servers on canonical names for a domain, IP addresses, cache timers, etc.

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27
Q

Net (command)

A

Lists Windows network commands

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28
Q

tracert (command)

A

Determine the route a packet takes to a destination. Uses ICMP TTL. Not all devices will reply with ICMP Time Exceeded Messages.

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29
Q

Pathping (Combines ping and traceroute)

A

First phase runs a traceroute to build a map.
Second phase measures round trip time and packet loss at each hop.

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30
Q

Event viewer:

A

Central event logging.
- Application, security setup system
- Information, warning, error, critical, sucessful audit, failure edit.
- eventvwr.msc

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31
Q

Task Scheduler does:

A

Scheduling of an application or script.
Includes predefined schedules.
Organize with folders.
taskschd.msc

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32
Q

Device Manager:

A

Manages all the hardware drivers that talks from and to Windows and various hardware components.
devmgmt.msc

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33
Q

Local Users and Groups:

A

User groups are admin, users, backup operators, power users.
lusermgr.msc

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34
Q

Performance Monitor

A

OS metrics (Disk, memory, CPU, etc.)
Set alerts and automated actions (monitor and act)
Store statistics for analysis of long-term treds.
perfmon.msc

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35
Q

Group Policy Editor

A

Centrally manage users and systems via GPO
Policies can be local or part of AD.
Group Policy Management Console
gpedit.msc

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36
Q

System Information

A

System Overview
Hardware resources (IRQs, conflicts, memory, DMA)
Components (Multimedia, display, input, network config info)
Software Environment (Drivers, print jobs, running tasks)
msinfo32.exe

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37
Q

Resource Monitor

A

Detailed real-time view of system performance.
resmon.exe

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38
Q

System Configuration

A

Manage boot process, startup, services, etc. (one stop shop)
msconfig.exe

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39
Q

defrag

A

Disk Defragmentation
Move file fragments so they are contiguous
Improves read/write time
Not necessary for SSDs
defrag <volume></volume>

40
Q

Windows Registry Editor

A

Master database for Windows OS
Hierarchical structure.
Used by almost everything
Kernel, device drivers, services, Security Account Manager, UI, apps
Back the registry up before making changes!

41
Q

Internet Options (Control Panel)

A

General - Basic Display
Security - Different access based on site location.
Privacy - Cookies, pop-up blocker, InPrivate browsing
Content - Certificates and auto-complete
Connections - VPN and proxy settings
Advanced - Detailed configuration options and resetting network config.

42
Q

Devices and Printers (Control Panel

A

Everything on the network from the view of the Windows PC.
Desktops, laptops, printers, multimedia devices, storage
Faster than Device Manager

43
Q

Programs and Features (Control Panel)

A

Uninstall / repair, size, version of an application
Enable and disable Windows features.

44
Q

Network and Sharing Center (Control Panel)

A

All network settings and adapters.

45
Q

System (Control Panel)

A

Computer info such as domain / workgroup info, version, name, etc.

46
Q

Mail (Control Panel)

A

Icon does not appear unless a mail client is installed.
Access to local mail configuration such as account info and data files.

47
Q

Sound (Control Panel)

A

Output options
Set levels for different input and outputs

48
Q

User Accounts (Control Panel)

A

Local user accounts (domain accounts are stored elsewhere
Account name and type.
Change password or profile picture.
Certificate information management.

49
Q

Indexing options (Control Panel)

A

Speed up the search process (constantly updates an index)
Search browser history and search folders.
Add other locations.

50
Q

File Explorer Options (Control Panel)

A

Manage File Explorer
General (Windows, expand folders)
View (hidden files and extensions)
Search (Disable index searches, search non-indexed areas)

51
Q

Administrative Tools (Control Panel)

A

Not commonly used utilities, used more by sysadmins

52
Q

Power Options (Control Panel)

A
  • Hibernate (Open docs and apps are saved to disks, common on laptops, used by Fast Startup)
  • Sleep (Open apps are stored in memory, save power and startup quickly, switches to hibernate if power is low, can be customized by power plans
  • USB selective suspend
    Disable USB devices
    Fingerprint readers, biometrics
53
Q

Ease of Access Center (Control Panel)

A

Usability enhancements.
Change display, keyboard, mouse, and other input/output options.

54
Q

Time and Language (Windows Settings)

A

Windows can automatically set the time.
AD is very sensitive to synchronized clocks.
Tolerance of at least five minutes.
Over 7,000 languages supported.

55
Q

Update and Security (Windows Settings)

A

Keeps your OS up to date.
Automatic installation.
Can avoid installing updates during active hours.

56
Q

Personalization (Windows Settings)

A

Change the way Windows looks and feels
Colors, wallpaper, lock screen.

57
Q

Apps (Windows Settings)

A

Manage installed apps
Add Windows features such as fonts for other languages or OpenSSH suppport.

58
Q

Privacy (Windows Settings)

A

Share app activity (Customized advertising)
Share your language (Website content)
Notifications (Enable or disable, show on lock screen)

59
Q

System (Windows Settings)

A

Change display settings such as night light, scaling, resolution.
Audio settings.
Notifications.

60
Q

Devices (Windows Settings)

A

Manage external devices such as mice, etc.

61
Q

Accounts (Windows Settings)

A

Manage login information.
Email configuration.
Sign-in options from PIN to password.

62
Q

Mapping drives

A

Access a shared folder.
Local drive letter and share name.
Can also use the command line.

63
Q

Sharing printers

A

Similar to sharing a folder.
Printer properties:
- Access through File Explorer, Settings, or any other Printer Properties
- Share an existing printer.

64
Q

Proxy settings

A

Change the traffic flow. (An internet go-between)
Settings > Network and Interenet
Define address and exception.
Proxies don’t work for everything.

65
Q

Network locations

A

Private: Home or work network; share and connect to devices.
Public: No sharing or connectivity

Security profiles are determined automatically but can be changed at anytime.

66
Q

APIPA

A

No static address assigned or DHCP isn’t available
Range: 169.254.1.0-169.254.254.255

67
Q

How many values can x86 and x64 store?

A

4.2 billion values and 18.4 quintillion values.

68
Q

Advantages of Microsoft Windows?

A

Large industry support / market presence, broad selection of OS Options, wide variety of software support.

69
Q

Disadvantages of Microsoft Windows?

A

Large install base for security exploitation and large hardware support can create challenging integration.

70
Q

Advantages of Linux?

A

Free, many distros to choose from, passionate and active user community.

71
Q

Disadvantages of Linux?

A

Limited driver support, especially with laptops and limited support options.

72
Q

Advantages of macOS?

A

Easy to use, extremely compatible with available hardware, and fewer security issues.

73
Q

Disadvantages of macOS?

A

Requires Apple hardware, less industry support, high initial hardware cost.

74
Q

What are some characteristics of ChromeOS?

A

Google’s operating system, centered around the Google Chrome browser, most apps are web-based, and there are many different manufacturers.

75
Q

What are some characteristics of Apple iOS?

A

Based on Unix, closed-source, exclusive to Apple products, Apps are developed on iOS SDK, and apps must be approved to Apple before release on the App Store.

76
Q

What are some characteristics of Google Android?

A

Based on linux and is open source, supported on many different manufacturer’s hardware, and apps are developed on Windows, Linux, and macOS using Android SDK.

77
Q

Characteristics of FAT32

A

2 TB Volume sizes.
Max file size is 4 GB

78
Q

Characteristics of exFAT

A

Microsoft flash drive file system.
Files can be larger than 4 GB
Compatible with multiple operating systems.

79
Q

Characteristics of NTFS

A

NT File System
Quotas
File compression
Encryption
Symbolic links
Large file support
Secure
Windows centric

80
Q

APFS

A

Apple File System
Optimized for SSDs

81
Q

Repair installation

A

Fixes possible issues with Windows OS, does not modify user files / settings.

82
Q

Image deployment

A

Deploy a clone to every target computer.
Can be relatively quick and automatic.

83
Q

GPT partition style

A

GUID Partition Table (Globally Unique Partition Table)
Requires a UEFI BIOS
- Can have up to 128 partitions
-Max partition size is over 9 billion TB
-Windows max partitions size is 256 TB
No need for extended or logical partitions

84
Q

MBR

A

Primary:
Bootable partitions
Max number of four primary partitions on an MBR drive.
One of the primary partitions can be marked as active.

Extended:
Used for extending max number of partitions
Not bootable
Contains additional logical partitions
Logical partitions inside an extended partition are not bootable

85
Q

What is a .dmg file?

A

Apple Disk Image
Mountable as a drive in Finder
Used to distribute software.

86
Q

What is a .pkg file?

A

Installer package, used to distribute software and runs through a script

87
Q

What is a .app file?

A

Application bundle, contains necessary files to use the application.

88
Q

What is Time Machine?

A

Apple backup.
Has hourly backups for the past 24 hours, daily backups for entire month, and weekly backups for previous months.

Starts deleting oldest backups when disk is full.

89
Q

Mission Control and Spaces

A

Used by macOS
Quickly review what’s running.
Swipe upwards with three fingers or Ctrl-Up arrow

90
Q

Keychain

A

Password management system built into Apple OS’s.
Passwords and Secure Notes are encrypted.
Login password is the key.

91
Q

Spotlight

A

Find files, apps, images, etc.
Magnify glass in taskbar or Command-space.
Can customize what’s indexed.

92
Q

iCloud

A

Apple’s cloud service that integrates all Apple OS’s.
Share across systems.
Think of it as Apple’s proprietary Dropbox.

93
Q

Gestures

A

Extends capabilites of trackpad.

94
Q

Finder

A

Central OS file manager.
File management.
Integrated access to other devices such as file servers, screen sharing, and remote connections.

95
Q

Remote Disc

A

Use an optical drive from another computer.
Doesn’t work with audio or video DVDs.

CompTIA A+ 1102 (3 decks)

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