Domain 10 Module: Human Development and Diversity (6 test questions)

Question 1

What is the traditional sequence of O&M instruction?

Answer 1

Indoors:
• Human guide techniques,
• Self-protection Techniques,
• Search patterns, sound localization/ discrimination,
• Hand-trailing and direction-taking,
• Room familiarization,
• Five-point travel system

Long cane techniques:
• human guide,
• diagonal cane,
• Basic two-point-touch technique,
• stairs,
• Floor and building familiarization,

Outdoors:
• Sidewalks,
• Shore lining,
• Corner familiarizations,
• Beginning street crossings [perpendicular versus parallel crossings],
• Crossing complex street configurations and signalizations,
• Auditory traffic alignment,
• Neighborhood familiarization,
• Solo and drop-off lessons.

Small and medium business districts:
• Seeking public assistance.
• Special considerations: alleys, parking lots, gas stations, strip malls.

Large Business/Downtown Districts:
• Accessible pedestrian signalizations,
• Construction sites.
• Special configurations: escalators, elevators, revolving doors, round-abouts and traffic circles, traffic islands, solo and drop-off lessons.

Question 2

Describe the role of the family in O&M instruction for young children.

Answer 2

Provide four basic elements of family center support
Families help support the goals of the O&M with practice and opportunities
They help with the assessment process by providing information on the child
Increased participation of family results in more consistent follow through
Fully informed families are better advocates for children and more input with plan
Teach parents techniques so they can follow through

Question 3

Describe the focus of O&M instruction for adults and older adults.

Answer 3

Employability or back to school, vocational rehab
Daily living skills, reduce falls, getting around in the environment
Increasing and maintaining independence

Question 4

Describe the role of the family in O&M instruction for adults and older adults.

Answer 4

Helps the client reassess his loss, consider the need for rehabilitation, and follow through with rehabilitation
Support and reinforcement of training.

Question 5

Describe how persons from various cultural backgrounds could have different views of O&M.
 

Answer 5

Some cultures have the view that disabled should be cared for versus being independent.

Some ethnic groups may react differently about disabilities and make it hard for acceptance of O&M.

Be aware of communication differences between different cultures.

Be aware of sex roles and how that impacts O&M instruction

Think people with disabilities are a curse so they don’t support them

Services are often never provided because individuals don’t disclose or want anyone to know about someone in their family with a disability.

Cultural differences matter (Muslims may think dogs are unclean and therefore suggesting a dog guide would be inappropriate) –

Language can be a barrier

Question 6

Describe how cultural beliefs could affects a learner’s adjustment to blindness embarrassment/disappointment

Answer 6

Blindness may be seen as an embarrassment
Blind persons may be seen as helpless, even if they are not
Bewitched
Blind is equated with dying in older persons
Overprotective
Asking for help is a sign of weakness