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AWS Cloud Practitioner > Domain 1: Cloud Concepts > Flashcards

Domain 1: Cloud Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

5 Criteria for cloud computing

A
  1. On-Demand self service
  2. Access to the network
  3. Resource pooling
  4. Elasticity
  5. Resource usage monitored and billed
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2
Q

High Availability

A

designing for minimal downtime

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3
Q

Fault Tolerance

A

Designing for zero downtime

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4
Q

Disaster Recovery

A

Designing for systems to operate through a disaster

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5
Q

Vertical v. Horizontal Scaling

A

Vertical - Resizing instances to a larger size
Horizontal - Add more instances of the same size to handle that load

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6
Q

Elasticity

A

Using automation along with horizontal scaling to match demand

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7
Q

EC2 Instance Types
General Purpose

A

provide a balance of compute, memory, and networking resources. You can use them for a variety of workloads, such as:

application servers
gaming servers
backend servers for enterprise applications
small and medium databases
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8
Q

EC2 Instance Types
Compute Optimized Instances

A

ideal for compute-bound applications that benefit from high-performance processors. Like general purpose instances, you can use compute optimized instances for workloads such as web, application, and gaming servers.

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9
Q

EC2 Instance Types
Memory Optimized

A

designed to deliver fast performance for workloads that process large datasets in memory. In computing, memory is a temporary storage area. It holds all the data and instructions that a central processing unit (CPU) needs to be able to complete actions. Before a computer program or application is able to run, it is loaded from storage into memory. This preloading process gives the CPU direct access to the computer program.

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10
Q

EC2 Instance Types
Accelerated Computing

A

use hardware accelerators, or coprocessors, to perform some functions more efficiently than is possible in software running on CPUs. Examples of these functions include floating-point number calculations, graphics processing, and data pattern matching.

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11
Q

EC2 Instance Types
Storage Optimized

A

designed for workloads that require high, sequential read and write access to large datasets on local storage. Examples of workloads suitable for storage optimized instances include distributed file systems, data warehousing applications, and high-frequency online transaction processing (OLTP) systems.

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12
Q

EC2 Pricing
On Demand

A

ideal for short-term, irregular workloads that cannot be interrupted. No upfront costs or minimum contracts apply. The instances run continuously until you stop them, and you pay for only the compute time you use

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13
Q

EC2 Pricing - Reserved Instances
Standard Reserved Instances

A

This option is a good fit if you know the EC2 instance type and size you need for your steady-state applications and in which AWS Region you plan to run them. Reserved Instances require you to state the following qualifications:

Instance type and size: For example, m5.xlarge
Platform description (operating system): For example, Microsoft Windows Server or Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Tenancy: Default tenancy or dedicated tenancy

You have the option to specify an Availability Zone for your EC2 Reserved Instances. If you make this specification, you get EC2 capacity reservation. This ensures that your desired amount of EC2 instances will be available when you need them.

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14
Q

EC2 Pricing - Reserved Instances
Convertible Reserved Instances

A

If you need to run your EC2 instances in different Availability Zones or different instance types, then Convertible Reserved Instances might be right for you. Note: You trade in a deeper discount when you require flexibility to run your EC2 instances.

At the end of a Reserved Instance term, you can continue using the Amazon EC2 instance without interruption. However, you are charged On-Demand rates until you do one of the following:

Terminate the instance.
Purchase a new Reserved Instance that matches the instance attributes (instance family and size, Region, platform, and tenancy).
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15
Q

EC2 Pricing
EC2 Instance Savings Plans

A

reduce your EC2 instance costs when you make an hourly spend commitment to an instance family and Region for a 1-year or 3-year term. This term commitment results in savings of up to 72 percent compared to On-Demand rates. Any usage up to the commitment is charged at the discounted Savings Plans rate (for example, $10 per hour). Any usage beyond the commitment is charged at regular On-Demand rates.

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16
Q

EC2 Pricing
Spot Instances

A

ideal for workloads with flexible start and end times, or that can withstand interruptions. Spot Instances use unused Amazon EC2 computing capacity and offer you cost savings at up to 90% off of On-Demand prices.

Suppose that you have a background processing job that can start and stop as needed (such as the data processing job for a customer survey). You want to start and stop the processing job without affecting the overall operations of your business. If you make a Spot request and Amazon EC2 capacity is available, your Spot Instance launches. However, if you make a Spot request and Amazon EC2 capacity is unavailable, the request is not successful until capacity becomes available. The unavailable capacity might delay the launch of your background processing job.

17
Q

EC2 Pricing
Dedicated Hosts

A

are physical servers with Amazon EC2 instance capacity that is fully dedicated to your use.

18
Q

security group

A

A security group is a virtual firewall that controls inbound and outbound traffic for an Amazon EC2 instance.

19
Q

Object Storage (3 components)

A
  • Object
  • Key
  • Metadata
20
Q

S3 Storage Classes
S3 Standard

A
  • Designed for frequently accessed data
  • Stores data in a minimum of three Availability Zones
21
Q

S3 Storage Classes
S3 Standard - Infrequent Access

A
  • Ideal for infrequently accessed data
  • Similar to Amazon S3 Standard but has a lower storage price and higher retrieval price
22
Q

S3 Storage Classes
S3 One Zone - Infrequent Access

A
  • Stores data in a single Availability Zone
  • Has a lower storage price than Amazon S3 Standard-IA

Compared to S3 Standard and S3 Standard-IA, which store data in a minimum of three Availability Zones, S3 One Zone-IA stores data in a single Availability Zone. This makes it a good storage class to consider if the following conditions apply:

  • You want to save costs on storage.
  • You can easily reproduce your data in the event of an Availability Zone failure.
23
Q

S3 Storage Classes
S3 Intelligent Tiering

A
  • Ideal for data with unknown or changing access patterns
  • Requires a small monthly monitoring and automation fee per object

In the S3 Intelligent-Tiering storage class, Amazon S3 monitors objects’ access patterns. If you haven’t accessed an object for 30 consecutive days, Amazon S3 automatically moves it to the infrequent access tier, S3 Standard-IA. If you access an object in the infrequent access tier, Amazon S3 automatically moves it to the frequent access tier, S3 Standard.

24
Q

S3 Storage Classes
S3 Glacier Instant Retrieval

A
  • Works well for archived data that requires immediate access
  • Can retrieve objects within a few milliseconds

When you decide between the options for archival storage, consider how quickly you must retrieve the archived objects. You can retrieve objects stored in the S3 Glacier Instant Retrieval storage class within milliseconds, with the same performance as S3 Standard.

25
Q

S3 Storage Classes
S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval

A
  • Low-cost storage designed for data archiving
  • Able to retrieve objects within a few minutes to hours

S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval is a low-cost storage class that is ideal for data archiving. For example, you might use this storage class to store archived customer records or older photos and video files. You can retrieve your data from S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval from 1 minute to 12 hours.

26
Q

S3 Storage Classes
S3 Glacier Deep Archive

A
  • Lowest-cost object storage class ideal for archiving
  • Able to retrieve objects within 12 hours

S3 Deep Archive supports long-term retention and digital preservation for data that might be accessed once or twice in a year. This storage class is the lowest-cost storage in the AWS Cloud, with data retrieval from 12 to 48 hours. All objects from this storage class are replicated and stored across at least three geographically dispersed Availability Zones.

27
Q

S3 Storage Classes
S3 Outposts

A
  • Creates S3 buckets on Amazon S3 Outposts
  • Makes it easier to retrieve, store, and access data on AWS Outposts

Amazon S3 Outposts delivers object storage to your on-premises AWS Outposts environment. Amazon S3 Outposts is designed to store data durably and redundantly across multiple devices and servers on your Outposts. It works well for workloads with local data residency requirements that must satisfy demanding performance needs by keeping data close to on-premises applications.

28
Q

S3 vs EBS

A

S3 Use case: needing storage for multiple descrete object that can be accessed around the world.

EBS Use case: Having an 80Gb video file that you are editing. If you had S3 you would need to upload the entire thing every time you made an edit. With EBS it just incrementally changes the bits that are changed instead of needing to upload the entire 80Gb again.

29
Q

AWS EBS vs EFS

A

An Amazon EBS volume stores data in a single Availability Zone.

Amazon EFS is a regional service. It stores data in and across multiple Availability Zones.

30
Q

AWS Health Dashboard

A

While the AWS Health Dashboard - service health displays the general status of AWS services; the AWS Health Dashboard – Your account health gives you a personalized view of the performance and availability of the AWS services underlying your AWS resources

31
Q

AWS CloudHSM

A

AWS CloudHSM is a cloud-based Hardware Security Module (HSM) that enables you to easily generate and use your encryption keys on the AWS Cloud. With CloudHSM, you can manage your encryption keys using FIPS 140-2 Level 3 validated HSMs. It is a fully-managed service that automates time-consuming administrative tasks for you, such as hardware provisioning, software patching, high-availability, and backups.

AWS Cloud Practitioner (7 decks)

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