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NASM CPT > Domain 1- Basic & Applied Sciences & Nutritional Concepts > Flashcards

Domain 1- Basic & Applied Sciences & Nutritional Concepts Flashcards

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1
Q

Nervous system

A

Communication network within the body

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2
Q

Central nervous system (CNS)

A

Brain and spinal cord; coordinates activity of the body.

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3
Q

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

Nerves connecting the CNS to the rest of the body and

environment.

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4
Q

Peripheral nervous system subdivisions

A

Somatic & Autonomic

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5
Q

Somatic

A

Serves outer areas of the body and skeletal muscle; voluntary.

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6
Q

Autonomic

A

Involuntary systems (e.g., heart, digestion).

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7
Q

Autonomic subdivisions

A

Parasympathetic—decreases activation during rest and recovery.
Sympathetic—increases activation to prep for activity.

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8
Q

Neuron

A

Functional unit of the nervous system.

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9
Q

Motor (efferent) neurons

A

Transmit nerve impulses from CNS to effector sites.

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10
Q

Sensory (afferent) neurons

A

Respond to stimuli; transmit nerve impulses from effector sites to CNS.

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11
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Sense distortion in body tissues.

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12
Q

Joint receptors

A

Respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of joints.

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13
Q

Golgi tendon organs (GTO)

A

Sense changes in muscular tension.

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14
Q

Muscle spindles

A

Sense changes in muscle length.

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15
Q

Nervous system functions (3)

A

Sensory: Changes in the environment
Integrative: Analyze and interpret
Motor: The neuromuscular response

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16
Q

Tendons

A

Connect muscle to bone; provide anchor for muscles to produce force.

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17
Q

Fascia

A

Outer layer of connective tissue surrounding a muscle

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18
Q

Fascicles

A

Bundle of individual muscle fibers.

19
Q

Cross-Section of a Muscle

A
  1. Muscle fiber (Innermost)
  2. Endomysium
  3. Perimysium
  4. Epimysium (Outtermost)
20
Q

Muscle fiber

A

Cellular components and myofibrils encased in a plasma membrane.

21
Q

Sarcomere

A

Produces muscular contraction; repeating sections of actin and myosin.

22
Q

Sliding filament theory

A

Thick and thin filaments slide past one another, shortening the entire sarcomere.

23
Q

Type I (slow twitch) muscle tissue

A

Smaller size; fatigue slowly.

24
Q

Type II (fast twitch) muscle tissue

A

Larger size; quick to produce maximal tension; fatigue quickly.

25
Q

Motor unit

A

One motor neuron and the muscle fibers it connects with.

26
Q

Neural activation

A

Contraction of a muscle generated by neural stimulation.

27
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical messengers that transport impulses from nerve to muscle.

28
Q

Local stabilization system

A

Attach directly to vertebrae.

Consists of: transverse abdominis, internal oblique, multifidus, pelvic floor, diaphragm.

29
Q

Global stabilization system

A

Attach from pelvis to spine.
Consists of: quadratus lumborum, psoas major, external oblique, rectus abdominis, gluteus medius,
adductor complex, portions of internal oblique.

30
Q

Movement system

A

Attach spine and/or pelvis to extremities.

Consists of: latissimus dorsi, hip flexors, hamstring complex, quadriceps.

31
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Skull, rib cage, and vertebral column.

32
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Upper and lower extremities,

shoulder and pelvic girdles.

33
Q

Skeletal system functions

A

Supports, protects, allows bodily movement, produces blood, stores minerals

34
Q

Depressions

A

Flattened or indented portions of a bone; can be muscle attachment sites.

35
Q

Process

A

Projection protruding from a bone; muscles, tendons, and ligaments can attach.

36
Q

Ligaments

A

Connects bone to bone; little blood supply; slow to heal.

37
Q

Arthrokinematics

A

Joint motion

38
Q

Non-synovial joints

A

No joint cavity, connective tissue, or cartilage; little to no movement.

39
Q

Synovial joints

A

Held together by joint capsule and ligaments; associated with movement.

40
Q

3 Major motion types

A

Roll, slide, and spin

41
Q

2 Important joint types to know

A

1- Hinge

2- Ball-and-socket

42
Q

Hinge (Joint Type)

A

Elbows, ankles; sagittal plane movement

43
Q

Ball-and-socket (Joint Type)

A

Shoulders, hips; most mobile, all three planes of motion

44
Q

Best method to strengthen bones

A

Weight-bearing exercise

NASM CPT (1 decks)

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