Domain 1: Basic and Applied Sciences 17% Flashcards
Nervous System
Communication network of the body composed of two divisions: CNS and PNS
Consist of the brain and the spinal cord, and its primary function is to control and interpret information.
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Consist of nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body. Senses the environment and tells the body how to respond based on signals from the CNS.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
The PNS serves two main functions
- Provide connection for the nervous system to activate effector (organ, muscle) sites. 2. Relay information from effort site back to the brain via sensory receptors
The PNS consist of the somatic and autonomic nervous system. What is somatic?
Responsible for the voluntary control of movement such as movement of the biceps and legs
The PNS consist of the somatic and autonomic nervous system. What is autonomic?
Providers neural input to involuntary systems such as the heart and digestion
What are the 3 Functions of the Nervous System?
Autonomic is divided into sympathetic and prasympathetic nervous systems. What does each do?
Sympathetic System- increases activation to prep for activity
Parasympathetic System- decreases activation during rest and recovery
Functional unit of the nervous system
Neuron
Transmits nerve impulses from CNS to effector sites
Motor (efferent) neurons
Respond to stimuli; transmit nerve impulses from effector sites to CNS
Sensory (afferent) neurons
Mechanoreceptors
- Sense mechanical information or body distortions such as: touch, pressure, stetching and motion
- Sends info to CNS
- CNS processes
- CNS sends info back to muscles to act
Which sensory receptor will sense a muscle being stretched or lengthened?
Muscle Spindles
Which sensory receptor senses causes the muscle to relax during muscle tension and prevents the muscle from excessive stress or injury?
Gogle Tendon Organ (GTOs)
Joint Receptor
Responds to pressure, acceleration and decleration of the joints
Provides shape and focus for bodies. Produces blood for the body and stores minerals. Growth, maturation, and functionality of _________ are greatly affected by posture, physical activity, and nutrition.
Skeletal System
The skeletal system is divide into two divisions: Axial and Appendicular.
The Axial System consist of _________?
Skull, rib cage, and vertebral column (torso and head)
The skeletal system is divide into two divisions: Axial and Appendicular.
The Appendicular System consist of _________?
Upper and lower extremeties such as: arms, legs
There are ________ bones in the skeletal system
206
Skeletal system fuction
support, protect, and allow body movement
Connects bone to bone; little blood supply; slow to heal
Ligaments
___________ is the process of formation of bone. Old bone is broken down and removed by ________, new bone is laid down by cells called________?
Remoldeling, Osteoclasts, Osteoblast
Arthrokinematics
Joint Motion
Held together by joint capsule and ligaments. Joint with the greatest capacity for motion
Synovial joint
No joint cavity, connective tissue, or cartilage; little to no movement.
Non-synovial joints
What kind of muscle action is raising a dumbbell up against the direction of resistance?
Concentric action
Excess intake of vitamin D can lead to which of the following
Calcification of arteries
How many calories in one gram of protein?
4
What may be the best measure of cardiorespiratory fitness?
Maximal oxygen consumption
Which of the following is an effect of dehydration?
Increased heart rate
A client runs a mile in 6 min and 30 seconds. Which of the following energy systems is the client primarily using to produce energy?
Oxidative
What is the highest average daily nutrient intake level likely to pose no risk of adverse health affects to almost all individuals in a particular life stage and gender group?
Tolerable Upper Intake Level
What is the phenomenon called when prolonged Golgi tendon organ stimulation provides an inhibitory action to muscle spindles?
Autogenic inhibition
Calories in a gram of carbs?
4
According to sliding filament theory, when does muscular contracting occur?
Actin and myosin filiments slide past each other, shortening the entire sarcomere.
