Doing Philosophy, Truth & Opinion, Human Limitation & Transcendence Flashcards
What is Philosophy?
- pursuit of wisdom
- search for general understanding of values and reality
- love for wisdom
Philosophy came from the greek terms _______ which means love and SOPHIA which means ________
PHILOS, Wisdom
Considered the main purpose of doing philosophy as an activity
Understand the fundamental truth
How can a person fully understand how philosophy is done?
By engaging on it
Doing philosophy entails what?
Doing philosophy entails a holistic rather than a partial perspective
The appearance of the eye of objects in respect to their relative distance and positions; aiding vision
Perspective
Relating to or concerned with complete rather than with individual parts
Holistic
Look at all aspect of the given problem or situation
Holistic Point of View
It promotes little knowledge on the situation which leads to wrong conclusions
Partial Point of View
All aspects are tied together to form a general overview of the problem
Holistic Point of View
Conclusions are made based on considering some, but not all sides of the problem
Partial Point of View
Bird’s eye view of the whole; it raises from level of everyday life to a higher level
Abstractive thinking
seeing with the mind or using the mind to see the world
insights
Viewing things and situations in a larger broader perspective
Holistic Perspective
a person must learn to and see how a thing is related to everything else
mark of holistic perspective
ensuring that our actions and decisions are well thought out and are done with due regard for their implications and consequences on ourselves, others, and our surroundings.
Reflection
this enables a person to engage in critical analysis and interpretation of concepts, definitions, arguments, and problems
Doing Philosophy
improves problem-solving and decision making
Doing Philosophy
refers to a person’s ability to apply knowledge to daily life particularly in making sound choices
Wisdom
Knowledge of Philosophy can contribute to ______________
self-development
related to science because it is the field that delivers knowledge about the world
truth
Truth understood this way is what philosophers call ___________
Objective Truth
process of proving the truth of validity of the statement
Justification
statement of judgement of a person about something in the world
Opinion
In order for an opinion to gain the status of truth, it must be able to pass the _______________
Test of Justification
group of statements that serve to support a conclusion or explains the validity of an opinion
Argument
conclusion of an argument
Claim
reasons used to support a conclusion
Premises
What are the three domains of truth?
- Objective Domain
- Social Domain
- Personal Domain
the “truth” is analogous with general or consensus on what is right as opposed to what is wrong
Social Domain
mostly products of an “agreement” in society that has been established over time
Social Domain
known as the scientific truth; this truth is tested or justified through empirical evidence
Objective Domain
the “truth” is analogous with sincerity; truth is tested or justified against the consistency and authenticity of the person who claims it
Personal Domain
many things that are related to our existence as persons are related to our bodies–age, sex, race, relationships and others
Embodied Existence
they have in the sense been given to us as permanent basis. it then comes no surprise that the body is the source of frustration to many
Human Limitation
refers to the things in our lives that are already given
facticity
fact that we are born and that we exist in a particular place and time already sets limitation
Spatial
we recognize our mortality and accept that we will not live forever
Temporality
my body as intermediary limits me in communicating with other people
Body as Intermediary
transcendence originated from the words TRANS meaning _________ and SCANDARE meaning ___________
go beyond, climb
Going beyond the limits of the ordinary experience
Transcendence
for the better or greater that what is usual; act of rising above to a superior state
Transcendence
we cannot simply truly change our facticity, but we what we can do is change our attitude towards them
TRANSCENDING LIMITATIONS - Facticity
history making creatures, and we are not limited to what nature has initially given us
Historicity
It is a challenge on how to make our lives more interesting and more meaningful; and a challenge to make the most out of our time in this life
TRANSCENDING LIMITATIONS - Spatial-Temporal
this serves as a challenge for us to work on a good relationship with people whom we want to open for us. learn how to be responsible, to be patient, sensitive, understanding, and a lot of other values
TRANSCENDING LIMITATIONS - Body as Intermediary
use to win the support for an argument or idea by exploiting the opponent’s feelings of pity or guilt; appeal to emotion
Argumentum ad Misericordiam (Appeal to Pity)
A proposition is true because many or most people believe it; appeal to masses, majority, popularity
Argumentum ad Populum (Bandwagon Fallacy)
attacking the character, motive or the attribute of the person, making the argument associated with the argument rather than attacking the substance of the argument
Argumentum ad Hominem (Argument against the person)
group of statements that appear to be arguments but fail to support to conclusion; use of faulty reasoning
Fallacy
use of real or threatened violent or non violent coercion; used by people who want to win a conflict by issuing threats to their opponents
Argumentum ad Baculum (Appeal to Force)
diverting away from the actual argument by bringing up another issue
Red Herring Fallacy
arguing against an oversimplified or distorted version of your opponent’s argument
Straw Man Fallacy
