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dogs and cats Flashcards

1
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A

PARAGONIMUS KELLICOTTI
(cat lung fluke)

  • Cystic lung Lx in CATS
  • Coughing - similar to allergic bronchitis or asthma
  • Tx = praziquantel
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2
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ALARIA spp

  • Dogs and cats
  • eat frogs and snakes
  • Small intestine
  • Usually asymptomatic unless migrates to lungs -> Pulmonary hemorrage
  • Tx : praziquantel

(intestinal fluke)

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3
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PLATYNOSOMUM FASTOSUM

  • When cats eat lizards or toads
  • Florida, caribbean, hawaii
  • Hepatobiliary + pancreatic damage, EHBO
  • Tx : Praziquantel

(cat liver fluke)

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4
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TAENIA SPP
T taeniaformis (cats)
T pisiformis (dogs) - image
  • Dog eats rabbits; cat eats rodents
  • No CS > weight loss, GI obstruction, scooting
  • Low zoonotic risk
  • Dx no1 : proglottids in perianal area
  • Dx no2 : fecal flottation - hard to see, don’t always float, cannot distinguish from echinococcus eggs
  • Tx : Praziquantel, espirantel
  • Prevention : stop predation
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5
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TAENIA TAENIAFORMIS (cats)

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6
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TAENIA TAENIAFORMIS

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7
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TAENIA PISIFORMIS

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8
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DIPILIDUM CANINNUM

  • No1 cestode in dogs + cats
  • Small intestine
  • Eating infected fleas or lice
  • no CS or non sp GI signs, scooting
  • zoonotic
  • Dx no1 : see proglottids in feces or perianal area (open = egg packets)
  • Dx no2 : fecal flottation (hard)
  • Tx : praziquantel, espirantel
  • Prevention : flea/lice ctl (imidacloprid, methoprene)
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9
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DIPILIDUM CANINUM

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10
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ECHINOCOCCUS
E. granulosus (dog) = cystic
E. multiloculari (cats)
E. multilocularis (dogs + cats) = alveolar

  • Definitive host : dogs, cats
    • Eat cyst-containing organs from intermediate hosts
    • Adults settles in the intestine and hatch eggs
    • No CS
  • Intermediate hosts : Sheep, goats, cattle, pigs, horses, deer, HUMAN, rodents
    • Eat infective eggs released in the env. from definitive hosts
    • Larvae migrate aross intestinal wall, enter circulation to reach organs (++ lungs + liver) where they form cysts.
      • E granulosus : cysts are thick-walled
      • E multilocularis : cysts are multilocular (multiple chamber), thin-walled (alveolar)
  • Endemic in South America, Africa, Asia, China.. ++ in rural populations that raise sheeps.
  • Dx E granulosus = fecal flott (high specific gravity)
    • N.b. not distinguishable from Taenia eggs
  • Dx E multinodulari/s = ELISA or PCR
    • Too tiny for fecal flott
  • TREATMENT : praziquantel
  • ZOONOTIC : humans are aberrant hosts. ++ by egg ingestion in food and water. causes large cystic lx in organs.
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11
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TOXOCARA
T canis, T cati
(round worm in kittens and puppies)

  • Transmission :
    • ingestion of eggs from feces
    • ingestion of eggs from milk
    • Transplacental (no 1 for T canis)
  • L2 ingested → liver → lungs → coughed/swallowed → intestine (adults)
  • CS : slow growth, pot-belly, dull haircoat, mucoid D+, cough (lung)
  • Dx : adults in V+/S+ or eggs in S+
  • Tx : pyrantel pamoate (safe in pregnant animals) (….)
  • Zoonosis : visceral + ocular larva migrans
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12
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TOXOCARA

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13
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TOXOCARA, TOXASCARIS, BALYSSASCARIS

= Ocular + visceral larva migrans

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14
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A

STRONGYLOIDES STERCORTALIS

  • Infects dogs, cats, humans
  • Transmission : SOIL or AUTO-infection, ++ in warm, wet and unsanitary conditions
    • larvae in soil → migrate through skin -> to small intestine → lay eggs in SI → larvae hatched from the intestine into the env.
    • Auto-infection : hatched larvae can RE-infect the host through skin around the anus!
    • CS : bloody mucoid D+
    • Dev needs warmth and moisture
  • Tx : fenbendazole, ivermectin..
  • ZOONOSIS

(threadworm)

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15
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TRICHURIS VULPIS

  • Dogs > cats
  • Transmission : feco-oral
  • Cecum + large intestine
  • Cecocolic intussusception
  • Pseudo-addison’s disease (low Na, high K, azotemia, metabolic acidosis, NEG on ACTH stim)
  • Persists years in the env
  • Dx : fecal flottation
  • Tx : febantel, pyrantel pamoate, fenbendazole…

(whipworm)

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16
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TRICHURIS VULPIS

17
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A

ANCYCLOSTOMA CANINUM

  • Dogs only (cats = A tubaeforme)
  • Transmission : fecal-oral, milk, placenta, transcutaneous
  • Small intestine
  • Anemia, dermatitis, bloody D+
    • Puppies can die from anemia
    • Adults can be asymptomatic carriers
  • Dx : fecal flottation
  • Tx : fenbendazole (adults in skin), moxidectin (L4 in intestine)
  • Zoonosis : cutaneous larva migrans

(hookworm)

18
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ANCYCLOSTOMA CANINUM

19
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ANCYCLOSTOMA CANINUM
Cutaneous larva migrans

20
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SPIROCERCA LUPI

  • Dogs eating dung beetle (intermediate hosts)
  • Granulomas in thoracic esophagus (esophageal obstruction)
  • Can migrate to arota (aneurysm) + thoracic vertebrae (osteosarcoma, hypertrophic osteopathy, spondilytis)
  • Dx : fecal flott (intermittent shedding), XRay (baryum), CT
  • Tx : none if CS, +/- pred with doramectin
21
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SPIROCERCA LUPI

22
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OLLANUS TRICHUSPIS

  • Cats
  • Transmission : ingestion of infectious V+
  • Causes chronic granulomatous gastritis
  • CS : V+ after eating
  • Dx : microscopic exam of vomitus (not poop)
  • Tx : fenbendazole
23
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OLLANUS TRICHUSPIS

24
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A 
EUCOLUS AEROPHILUS (capillaria aerophila)
Lungworm
  • Dogs + cats
  • Eating earthworm (paratenic hosts), fecal-oral
  • Adults lives in epithelium of
    • Trachea
    • Bronchi
    • Bronchioles
  • CS : cough, nasal discharge, tracheitis, bronchitis
  • Dx : Eggs on fecal flottation (DDx = trichuris vulpis) or tracheal wash
  • Tx : fenbendazole
25
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A

EUCOLUS AEROPHILUS

26
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AELUROSTRONGYLUS ABSTRUSUS

  • Definitive host : hunting cats
  • Transport hosts : rodents, frogs, toads, birds
  • Intermediate host : snail
  • hunting cats eat intermediate host that was infected through a snail
  • Causes nodular lung Lx
    • Paragonimus kellicotti : cystic lung Lx, asthma-like
    • Eucolus aerophilus : from earthworm, tracheitis, bronchitis
    • Aelurostrongylus : from hunting, nodular lung Lx
  • Dx : larvae in feces, FNA of lung nodules
  • Tx : fenbendazole

(lungworm)

27
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A

DIOCTOPHYME RENALE

  • Dogs
  • Eat larvae from frogs or raw fish (that got infected by feeding at the bottom of a lake)
  • Migrate trough liver -> adult in kidneys (renal pelvis) causing necrosis
  • ++ unilat, in the RIGHT kidney
  • CS : generally asymptomatic (other kidney compensate). ++ if there’s migration in the abdominal cavity
  • Prepatent period = 4-5 months
  • Dx : eggs in urine ; big right kidney on xray
  • Tx : fenbenfazole, ivermectin

(giant kidney worm)

28
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A

DIOCTOPHYME RENALE

(giant kidney worm)

29
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A

ISOSPORA

  • Dogs : I canis (…)
  • Cats : I felis > I rivolta
  • Fecal-oral (fecal contamination of water, food, environment)
  • LOTS of asymptomatic carriers
  • CS: generally none. ++ in kittens and puppies during weaning stress
    • D+ (sometimes bloody), weight loss, dehydration
  • Tx : only if symptomatic. Self-limiting
    • Sulfas (reduce disease duration)
  • Prevention : clean feces, avoid raw meat
30
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EIMERIA

Birds, cattle, small ruminants

NOT dogs/cats

31
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A

TRTRICHOMONAS FETUS

32
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TRIPANOSOMIASIS

  • Affect all domestic animals
  • Transmission : biting flies, tse-tse
  • ++ horses (T equiperdum = Dourine), dogs (T cruzi = Chaga)
  • Africa, South America
  • Tx : benzimidazole
  • ZOONOSIS : Sleeping sickness, chaga
33
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GIARDIA

  • Trophozoite = in host
  • Cyst = in env (contagious stage)
    • Trophozoite turns into cyst within hours of shedding in the env
  • Dogs + cats + cattle
  • Fecal-oral transmission (fomites, water, food)
  • Group-housed animals : kennels and shelters
  • Humans :
    • are the main reservoirs
    • H-to-H > H-to-animal
  • CS : chronic D+, cramps, farts, nausea
  • Dx : Zinc-sulfate on FRESH fecal sample
  • Tx fenbendazol or metronidazole
  • Prevention : disinfection
    • Ammoniums quaternaires
    • Freezing T°
    • Direct sunlinght

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