dogs and cats Flashcards
PARAGONIMUS KELLICOTTI
(cat lung fluke)
- Cystic lung Lx in CATS
- Coughing - similar to allergic bronchitis or asthma
- Tx = praziquantel
ALARIA spp
- Dogs and cats
- eat frogs and snakes
- Small intestine
- Usually asymptomatic unless migrates to lungs -> Pulmonary hemorrage
- Tx : praziquantel
(intestinal fluke)
PLATYNOSOMUM FASTOSUM
- When cats eat lizards or toads
- Florida, caribbean, hawaii
- Hepatobiliary + pancreatic damage, EHBO
- Tx : Praziquantel
(cat liver fluke)
TAENIA SPP T taeniaformis (cats) T pisiformis (dogs) - image
- Dog eats rabbits; cat eats rodents
- No CS > weight loss, GI obstruction, scooting
- Low zoonotic risk
- Dx no1 : proglottids in perianal area
- Dx no2 : fecal flottation - hard to see, don’t always float, cannot distinguish from echinococcus eggs
- Tx : Praziquantel, espirantel
- Prevention : stop predation
TAENIA TAENIAFORMIS (cats)
TAENIA TAENIAFORMIS
TAENIA PISIFORMIS
DIPILIDUM CANINNUM
- No1 cestode in dogs + cats
- Small intestine
- Eating infected fleas or lice
- no CS or non sp GI signs, scooting
- zoonotic
- Dx no1 : see proglottids in feces or perianal area (open = egg packets)
- Dx no2 : fecal flottation (hard)
- Tx : praziquantel, espirantel
- Prevention : flea/lice ctl (imidacloprid, methoprene)
DIPILIDUM CANINUM
ECHINOCOCCUS
E. granulosus (dog) = cystic
E. multiloculari (cats)
E. multilocularis (dogs + cats) = alveolar
- Definitive host : dogs, cats
- Eat cyst-containing organs from intermediate hosts
- Adults settles in the intestine and hatch eggs
- No CS
- Intermediate hosts : Sheep, goats, cattle, pigs, horses, deer, HUMAN, rodents
- Eat infective eggs released in the env. from definitive hosts
-
Larvae migrate aross intestinal wall, enter circulation to reach organs (++ lungs + liver) where they form cysts.
- E granulosus : cysts are thick-walled
- E multilocularis : cysts are multilocular (multiple chamber), thin-walled (alveolar)
- Endemic in South America, Africa, Asia, China.. ++ in rural populations that raise sheeps.
-
Dx E granulosus = fecal flott (high specific gravity)
- N.b. not distinguishable from Taenia eggs
-
Dx E multinodulari/s = ELISA or PCR
- Too tiny for fecal flott
- TREATMENT : praziquantel
- ZOONOTIC : humans are aberrant hosts. ++ by egg ingestion in food and water. causes large cystic lx in organs.
TOXOCARA
T canis, T cati
(round worm in kittens and puppies)
- Transmission :
- ingestion of eggs from feces
- ingestion of eggs from milk
- Transplacental (no 1 for T canis)
- L2 ingested → liver → lungs → coughed/swallowed → intestine (adults)
- CS : slow growth, pot-belly, dull haircoat, mucoid D+, cough (lung)
- Dx : adults in V+/S+ or eggs in S+
- Tx : pyrantel pamoate (safe in pregnant animals) (….)
- Zoonosis : visceral + ocular larva migrans
TOXOCARA
TOXOCARA, TOXASCARIS, BALYSSASCARIS
= Ocular + visceral larva migrans
STRONGYLOIDES STERCORTALIS
- Infects dogs, cats, humans
- Transmission : SOIL or AUTO-infection, ++ in warm, wet and unsanitary conditions
- larvae in soil → migrate through skin -> to small intestine → lay eggs in SI → larvae hatched from the intestine into the env.
- Auto-infection : hatched larvae can RE-infect the host through skin around the anus!
- CS : bloody mucoid D+
- Dev needs warmth and moisture
- Tx : fenbendazole, ivermectin..
- ZOONOSIS
(threadworm)
TRICHURIS VULPIS
- Dogs > cats
- Transmission : feco-oral
- Cecum + large intestine
- Cecocolic intussusception
- Pseudo-addison’s disease (low Na, high K, azotemia, metabolic acidosis, NEG on ACTH stim)
- Persists years in the env
- Dx : fecal flottation
- Tx : febantel, pyrantel pamoate, fenbendazole…
(whipworm)
TRICHURIS VULPIS
ANCYCLOSTOMA CANINUM
- Dogs only (cats = A tubaeforme)
- Transmission : fecal-oral, milk, placenta, transcutaneous
- Small intestine
- Anemia, dermatitis, bloody D+
- Puppies can die from anemia
- Adults can be asymptomatic carriers
- Dx : fecal flottation
- Tx : fenbendazole (adults in skin), moxidectin (L4 in intestine)
- Zoonosis : cutaneous larva migrans
(hookworm)
ANCYCLOSTOMA CANINUM
ANCYCLOSTOMA CANINUM
Cutaneous larva migrans
SPIROCERCA LUPI
- Dogs eating dung beetle (intermediate hosts)
- Granulomas in thoracic esophagus (esophageal obstruction)
- Can migrate to arota (aneurysm) + thoracic vertebrae (osteosarcoma, hypertrophic osteopathy, spondilytis)
- Dx : fecal flott (intermittent shedding), XRay (baryum), CT
- Tx : none if CS, +/- pred with doramectin
SPIROCERCA LUPI
OLLANUS TRICHUSPIS
- Cats
- Transmission : ingestion of infectious V+
- Causes chronic granulomatous gastritis
- CS : V+ after eating
- Dx : microscopic exam of vomitus (not poop)
- Tx : fenbendazole
OLLANUS TRICHUSPIS
EUCOLUS AEROPHILUS (capillaria aerophila) Lungworm
- Dogs + cats
- Eating earthworm (paratenic hosts), fecal-oral
- Adults lives in epithelium of
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Bronchioles
- CS : cough, nasal discharge, tracheitis, bronchitis
- Dx : Eggs on fecal flottation (DDx = trichuris vulpis) or tracheal wash
- Tx : fenbendazole
EUCOLUS AEROPHILUS
AELUROSTRONGYLUS ABSTRUSUS
- Definitive host : hunting cats
- Transport hosts : rodents, frogs, toads, birds
- Intermediate host : snail
- hunting cats eat intermediate host that was infected through a snail
- Causes nodular lung Lx
- Paragonimus kellicotti : cystic lung Lx, asthma-like
- Eucolus aerophilus : from earthworm, tracheitis, bronchitis
- Aelurostrongylus : from hunting, nodular lung Lx
- Dx : larvae in feces, FNA of lung nodules
- Tx : fenbendazole
(lungworm)
DIOCTOPHYME RENALE
- Dogs
- Eat larvae from frogs or raw fish (that got infected by feeding at the bottom of a lake)
- Migrate trough liver -> adult in kidneys (renal pelvis) causing necrosis
- ++ unilat, in the RIGHT kidney
- CS : generally asymptomatic (other kidney compensate). ++ if there’s migration in the abdominal cavity
- Prepatent period = 4-5 months
- Dx : eggs in urine ; big right kidney on xray
- Tx : fenbenfazole, ivermectin
(giant kidney worm)
DIOCTOPHYME RENALE
(giant kidney worm)
ISOSPORA
- Dogs : I canis (…)
- Cats : I felis > I rivolta
- Fecal-oral (fecal contamination of water, food, environment)
- LOTS of asymptomatic carriers
- CS: generally none. ++ in kittens and puppies during weaning stress
- D+ (sometimes bloody), weight loss, dehydration
- Tx : only if symptomatic. Self-limiting
- Sulfas (reduce disease duration)
- Prevention : clean feces, avoid raw meat
EIMERIA
Birds, cattle, small ruminants
NOT dogs/cats
TRTRICHOMONAS FETUS
TRIPANOSOMIASIS
- Affect all domestic animals
- Transmission : biting flies, tse-tse
- ++ horses (T equiperdum = Dourine), dogs (T cruzi = Chaga)
- Africa, South America
- Tx : benzimidazole
- ZOONOSIS : Sleeping sickness, chaga
GIARDIA
- Trophozoite = in host
-
Cyst = in env (contagious stage)
- Trophozoite turns into cyst within hours of shedding in the env
- Dogs + cats + cattle
- Fecal-oral transmission (fomites, water, food)
- Group-housed animals : kennels and shelters
- Humans :
- are the main reservoirs
- H-to-H > H-to-animal
- CS : chronic D+, cramps, farts, nausea
- Dx : Zinc-sulfate on FRESH fecal sample
- Tx fenbendazol or metronidazole
- Prevention : disinfection
- Ammoniums quaternaires
- Freezing T°
- Direct sunlinght