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Small Animal Anatomy > Dog Pelvic Limb > Flashcards

Dog Pelvic Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Biceps femoris (hamstring)

A

O: Sacrotuberous ligament and ischiatic tuberosity
I: Patella (by means of fascia lata and crural fascia), patellar ligament, cranial border of tibia; subcutaneous part of tibial body (by means of crural fascia); tuber calcanei
A: Extend hip, stifle, and hock; caudal part flexes stifle
N: Sciatic nerve
AS: Distal caudal femoral a., caudal gluteal a.

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2
Q

Semitendinosus (hamstring)

A

O: Ischiatic tuberosity
I: Disto-cranial border of the tibia, medial surface of tibial body and tuber calcanei (by means of the crural fascia)
A: To extend the hip, flex the stifle, and extend the hock
N: Sciatic n.
AS: Distal caudal femoral a., caudal gluteal a.

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3
Q

Semimembranosus (hamstring)

A

O: Ischiatic tuberosity
I: Distal medial lip of the caudal rough surface of the femur and the medial condyle of the tibia
I: Extend the hip; part attached to femur extends the stifle; part attached to tibia flexes or extends stifle, depending on limb position
N: Sciatic n.
AS: Middle caudal femoral a., distal caudal femoral a., caudal gluteal a.

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4
Q

Sartorius (cranial and caudal parts)

A

O: Cranial part- the crest of the ilium and thoracolumbar fascia; caudal part- cranial ventral iliac spine and adjacent ventral border of the ilium
I: Cranial part- the patella (in common w/ rectus femoris) ; caudal part- cranial border of tibia (in common w/ gracilis)
A: To flex the hip; cranial part extends the stifle; caudal part flexes stifle
N: Femoral n.
AS: Superficial circumflex iliac a., iliolumbar a.

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5
Q

Gracilis

A

O: Pubic symphysis by the symphysial tendon
I: Cranial border of tibia and the tuber calcanei
A: To adduct limb, flex stifle, and extend hip and hock
N: Obturator n.
AS: Proximal caudal femoral a.

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6
Q

Femoral Triangle

A

Shallow triangular space through which the femoral artery and vein run to and from the pelvic limb

Bordered by:

  • caudal belly of sartorius (cranially)
  • pectineus and adductor (caudally)
  • ilopsoas and rectus femoris (proximal and laterally)
  • vastus medialis (distal and laterally)
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7
Q

Pectineus

A

O: Iliopubic eminence and pubic tubercle via prepubic tendon
I: Distal end of the medial lip of the caudal rough face of the femur
A: To adduct the limb
N: Obturator n.
AS: Proximal caudal femoral a.

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8
Q

Adductor

A

O: Entire pelvic symphysis (by means of symphysial tendon), adjacent part of ischiatic arch, and ventral surface of pubis and ischium
I: Entire lateral lip of the caudal rough face of the femur
A: To adduct limb and extend hip
N: Obturator n.
AS: Proximal caudal femoral a., middle caudal femoral a a., medial circumflex femoral a., caudal gluteal a.

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9
Q

Tensor fasciae latae

A

O: Tuber coxae and adjacent part of ilium; aponeurosis of middle gluteal m.
I: Lateral femoral fascia
A: To tense the lateral femoral fascia, flex the hip, and extend the stifle
N: Cranial gluteal n.
AS: Superficial circumflex iliac a., lateral circumflex femoral a., iliolumbar a.

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10
Q

Superficial gluteal m.

A

O: Lateral border of sacrum and 1st caudal vertebra (partly by sacrotuberous ligament); cranial dorsal iliac spine (by means of deep gluteal fascia)
I: Third trochanter of femur
A: To extend the hip and abduct the limb
N: Caudal gluteal n.
AS: Caudal gluteal a., lateral circumflex femoral a.

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11
Q

Middle gluteal

A

O: Crest and gluteal surface of the ilium
I: Greater trochanter of ilium
A: To extend and abduct the hip and to rotate pelvic limb medially
N: Cranial gluteal n.
AS: Cranial gluteal a., caudal gluteal a., lateral circumflex femoral a., iliolumbar a.

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12
Q

Deep gluteal

A

O: Body of the ilium; ischiatic spine
I: Cranial aspect of the greater trochanter of femur
A: To extend and abduct the hip and rotate pelvic limb medially
N: Cranial gluteal n.
AS: Cranial gluteal a.

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13
Q

Articularis coxae

A

O: Lateral surface of ilium
I: Neck of the femur
A: Acts as a surgical landmark for identifying the craniolateral aspect of the hip joint capsule

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14
Q

Piriformis

Deep caudal portion of middle gluteal muscle

A

O: Crest and gluteal surface of the ilium
I: Greater trochanter of the femur
A: To extend and abduct the hip and rotate pelvic limb medially
N: Cranial gluteal n.
AS: Cranial gluteal a.

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15
Q

Internal obturator

A

O: Symphysis pelvis and dorsal surface of ischium and pubis
I: Trochanteric fossa of the femur
A: To rotate the pelvic limb laterally at the hip
N: Sciatic n.
AS: Medial circumflex femoral a.

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16
Q

Gemelli

A 
O: Lateral surface of ischium
I: Trochanteric fossa of the femur 
A: To rotate the pelvic limb laterally at the hip
N: Sciatic n.
AS: Medial circumflex femoral a.
17
Q

Quadratus femoris

A

O: Ventral surface of the caudal part of the ischium
I: Intertrochanteric crest of the femur
A: To extend the hip and rotate the pelvic limb laterally
N: Sciatic n.
AS: Medial circumflex femoral a.

18
Q

External obturator

A 
O: Ventral surface of pubis and ischium
I: Trochanteric fossa of the femur
A: To rotate the pelvic limb laterally
N: Obturator n.
AS: Medial circumflex femoral a.
19
Q

Quadriceps femoris

  1. Rectus femoris
  2. Vastus Lateralis
  3. Vastus Intermedius
  4. Vastus medialis
A

O: Rectus femoris- ilium; vasti muscles- proximal femur
I: Tibial tuberosity
A: To extend the stifle and flex the hip (rectus)
N: Femoral n.
AS: Rectus- superficial circumflex iliac a., vasti and rectus- lateral circumflex femoral a.

20
Q

Iliopsoas (Comprised of psoas major and iliacus)

A

O: Psoas major- lumbar vertebrae; iliacus- cranioventral ilium
I: Lesser trochanter of the femur
A: To flex the hip (major hip flexor)
N: Ventral branches of lumbar spinal n., femoral n.
AS: Iliolumbar a.

21
Q

Cranial tibial

A

O: The extensor groove and adjacent articular margin of the tibia; the lateral edge of the cranial tibial border
I: Plantar surface of the base of metatarsals I and II
A: To flex the tarsocrural joint and to rotate paw laterally so that plantar surface faces medially
N: Fibular n.
AS: Cranial tibial a.

22
Q

Long digital extensor

A

O: Extensor fossa of the femur
I: Extensor processes of the distal phalanges of digits II, III, IV, and V
A: To extend the digits and flex the tarsus
N: Fibular n.
AS: Cranial tibial a.

23
Q

Fibularis longus

A

O: Lateral condyle of the tibia, the proximal end of the fibula, and lateral epicondyle of the femur (by means of the lateral collateral ligament of the stifle)
I: 4th tarsal bone; plantar aspect of the base of the metatarsals
A: To flex the tarsus and rotate the paw medially so plantar surface faces laterally
N: Fibular n.
AS: Cranial tibial a.

24
Q

Gastrocnemius (medial and lateral heads)

A

O: Medial and lateral supracondylar tuberosities of the femur
I: Proximal dorsal surface of the tuber calcanei
A: To extend the tarsus and flex the stifle
N: Tibial n.
AS: Saphenous a., distal caudal femoral a., popliteal a.

25
Q

Superficial digital flexor

A

O: Lateral supracondylar tuberosity of the femur
I: Tuber calcanei and bases of the middle phalanges of digits II, III, IV, and V
A: To flex the first two digital joints of the four principal digits; flex the stifle; extend the tarsus
N: Tibial n.
AS: Distal caudal femoral a., popliteal a.

26
Q

Common calcaneal tendon

A 
Biceps femoris
Gracilis
Gastrocnemius
Semitendinosus
Superficial digital flexor
27
Q

Deep digital flexor (lateral and medial heads)

A

O: Caudal aspect of the proximal 2/3rds of the tibia, the proximal 1/2 of the fibula, and the adjacent interosseous membrane
I: Flexor tubercle on the plantar surface of the base of each of the distal phalanges
A: To flex the digits and extend the tarsus
N: Tibial n.
AS: Distal caudal femoral a., popliteal a.

28
Q

Popliteus

A 
O: Lateral epicondyle of the femur
I: Proximal 1/3rd of caudal surface of tibia
A: To rotate the leg medially
N: Tibial n.
AS: Popliteal a.
29
Q

Fascia lata (Lateral femoral fascia)

A

Thick sheath of fascia serving as aponeurotic insertion for thigh muscles

30
Q

Crural extensor retinaculum

A

Band of deep crural fascia that binds down the tendons of the long digital extensor and the cranial tibial muscles

31
Q

Tarsal extensor retinaculum

A

Fibrous loop that attaches to the calcaneus and wraps around the tendon of the long digital extensor

32
Q

Tarsal tunnel

A

Formed by the sustentaculum tali, calcanean tuber, and flexor retinaculum; contains tendons of lateral digital flexor, medial and lateral plantar nerves, and caudal branch of saphenous artery

33
Q

Vascular lacuna

A

Medial compartment under the inguinal ligament for the passage of femoral vessels

34
Q

Autonomous zones of cutaneous innervation of pelvic limb

A

Saphenous n. - Medial crus, from stifle to hock
Tibial n. - Plantar pes/digital surface
Fibular n. - Lateral crus and dorsal digital surface, not including calcaneus
Sciatic n.- proximal to greater trochanter, and includes zones for fibular and tibial n.; varies when caudal to femur
Caudal cutaneous femoral n.- caudolateral femoral and hip region

Small Animal Anatomy (1 decks)

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