Dog Pelvic Limb Flashcards
Biceps femoris (hamstring)
O: Sacrotuberous ligament and ischiatic tuberosity
I: Patella (by means of fascia lata and crural fascia), patellar ligament, cranial border of tibia; subcutaneous part of tibial body (by means of crural fascia); tuber calcanei
A: Extend hip, stifle, and hock; caudal part flexes stifle
N: Sciatic nerve
AS: Distal caudal femoral a., caudal gluteal a.
Semitendinosus (hamstring)
O: Ischiatic tuberosity
I: Disto-cranial border of the tibia, medial surface of tibial body and tuber calcanei (by means of the crural fascia)
A: To extend the hip, flex the stifle, and extend the hock
N: Sciatic n.
AS: Distal caudal femoral a., caudal gluteal a.
Semimembranosus (hamstring)
O: Ischiatic tuberosity
I: Distal medial lip of the caudal rough surface of the femur and the medial condyle of the tibia
I: Extend the hip; part attached to femur extends the stifle; part attached to tibia flexes or extends stifle, depending on limb position
N: Sciatic n.
AS: Middle caudal femoral a., distal caudal femoral a., caudal gluteal a.
Sartorius (cranial and caudal parts)
O: Cranial part- the crest of the ilium and thoracolumbar fascia; caudal part- cranial ventral iliac spine and adjacent ventral border of the ilium
I: Cranial part- the patella (in common w/ rectus femoris) ; caudal part- cranial border of tibia (in common w/ gracilis)
A: To flex the hip; cranial part extends the stifle; caudal part flexes stifle
N: Femoral n.
AS: Superficial circumflex iliac a., iliolumbar a.
Gracilis
O: Pubic symphysis by the symphysial tendon
I: Cranial border of tibia and the tuber calcanei
A: To adduct limb, flex stifle, and extend hip and hock
N: Obturator n.
AS: Proximal caudal femoral a.
Femoral Triangle
Shallow triangular space through which the femoral artery and vein run to and from the pelvic limb
Bordered by:
- caudal belly of sartorius (cranially)
- pectineus and adductor (caudally)
- ilopsoas and rectus femoris (proximal and laterally)
- vastus medialis (distal and laterally)
Pectineus
O: Iliopubic eminence and pubic tubercle via prepubic tendon
I: Distal end of the medial lip of the caudal rough face of the femur
A: To adduct the limb
N: Obturator n.
AS: Proximal caudal femoral a.
Adductor
O: Entire pelvic symphysis (by means of symphysial tendon), adjacent part of ischiatic arch, and ventral surface of pubis and ischium
I: Entire lateral lip of the caudal rough face of the femur
A: To adduct limb and extend hip
N: Obturator n.
AS: Proximal caudal femoral a., middle caudal femoral a a., medial circumflex femoral a., caudal gluteal a.
Tensor fasciae latae
O: Tuber coxae and adjacent part of ilium; aponeurosis of middle gluteal m.
I: Lateral femoral fascia
A: To tense the lateral femoral fascia, flex the hip, and extend the stifle
N: Cranial gluteal n.
AS: Superficial circumflex iliac a., lateral circumflex femoral a., iliolumbar a.
Superficial gluteal m.
O: Lateral border of sacrum and 1st caudal vertebra (partly by sacrotuberous ligament); cranial dorsal iliac spine (by means of deep gluteal fascia)
I: Third trochanter of femur
A: To extend the hip and abduct the limb
N: Caudal gluteal n.
AS: Caudal gluteal a., lateral circumflex femoral a.
Middle gluteal
O: Crest and gluteal surface of the ilium
I: Greater trochanter of ilium
A: To extend and abduct the hip and to rotate pelvic limb medially
N: Cranial gluteal n.
AS: Cranial gluteal a., caudal gluteal a., lateral circumflex femoral a., iliolumbar a.
Deep gluteal
O: Body of the ilium; ischiatic spine
I: Cranial aspect of the greater trochanter of femur
A: To extend and abduct the hip and rotate pelvic limb medially
N: Cranial gluteal n.
AS: Cranial gluteal a.
Articularis coxae
O: Lateral surface of ilium
I: Neck of the femur
A: Acts as a surgical landmark for identifying the craniolateral aspect of the hip joint capsule
Piriformis
Deep caudal portion of middle gluteal muscle
O: Crest and gluteal surface of the ilium
I: Greater trochanter of the femur
A: To extend and abduct the hip and rotate pelvic limb medially
N: Cranial gluteal n.
AS: Cranial gluteal a.
Internal obturator
O: Symphysis pelvis and dorsal surface of ischium and pubis
I: Trochanteric fossa of the femur
A: To rotate the pelvic limb laterally at the hip
N: Sciatic n.
AS: Medial circumflex femoral a.
Gemelli
O: Lateral surface of ischium I: Trochanteric fossa of the femur A: To rotate the pelvic limb laterally at the hip N: Sciatic n. AS: Medial circumflex femoral a.
Quadratus femoris
O: Ventral surface of the caudal part of the ischium
I: Intertrochanteric crest of the femur
A: To extend the hip and rotate the pelvic limb laterally
N: Sciatic n.
AS: Medial circumflex femoral a.
External obturator
O: Ventral surface of pubis and ischium I: Trochanteric fossa of the femur A: To rotate the pelvic limb laterally N: Obturator n. AS: Medial circumflex femoral a.
Quadriceps femoris
- Rectus femoris
- Vastus Lateralis
- Vastus Intermedius
- Vastus medialis
O: Rectus femoris- ilium; vasti muscles- proximal femur
I: Tibial tuberosity
A: To extend the stifle and flex the hip (rectus)
N: Femoral n.
AS: Rectus- superficial circumflex iliac a., vasti and rectus- lateral circumflex femoral a.
Iliopsoas (Comprised of psoas major and iliacus)
O: Psoas major- lumbar vertebrae; iliacus- cranioventral ilium
I: Lesser trochanter of the femur
A: To flex the hip (major hip flexor)
N: Ventral branches of lumbar spinal n., femoral n.
AS: Iliolumbar a.
Cranial tibial
O: The extensor groove and adjacent articular margin of the tibia; the lateral edge of the cranial tibial border
I: Plantar surface of the base of metatarsals I and II
A: To flex the tarsocrural joint and to rotate paw laterally so that plantar surface faces medially
N: Fibular n.
AS: Cranial tibial a.
Long digital extensor
O: Extensor fossa of the femur
I: Extensor processes of the distal phalanges of digits II, III, IV, and V
A: To extend the digits and flex the tarsus
N: Fibular n.
AS: Cranial tibial a.
Fibularis longus
O: Lateral condyle of the tibia, the proximal end of the fibula, and lateral epicondyle of the femur (by means of the lateral collateral ligament of the stifle)
I: 4th tarsal bone; plantar aspect of the base of the metatarsals
A: To flex the tarsus and rotate the paw medially so plantar surface faces laterally
N: Fibular n.
AS: Cranial tibial a.
Gastrocnemius (medial and lateral heads)
O: Medial and lateral supracondylar tuberosities of the femur
I: Proximal dorsal surface of the tuber calcanei
A: To extend the tarsus and flex the stifle
N: Tibial n.
AS: Saphenous a., distal caudal femoral a., popliteal a.
Superficial digital flexor
O: Lateral supracondylar tuberosity of the femur
I: Tuber calcanei and bases of the middle phalanges of digits II, III, IV, and V
A: To flex the first two digital joints of the four principal digits; flex the stifle; extend the tarsus
N: Tibial n.
AS: Distal caudal femoral a., popliteal a.
Common calcaneal tendon
Biceps femoris Gracilis Gastrocnemius Semitendinosus Superficial digital flexor
Deep digital flexor (lateral and medial heads)
O: Caudal aspect of the proximal 2/3rds of the tibia, the proximal 1/2 of the fibula, and the adjacent interosseous membrane
I: Flexor tubercle on the plantar surface of the base of each of the distal phalanges
A: To flex the digits and extend the tarsus
N: Tibial n.
AS: Distal caudal femoral a., popliteal a.
Popliteus
O: Lateral epicondyle of the femur I: Proximal 1/3rd of caudal surface of tibia A: To rotate the leg medially N: Tibial n. AS: Popliteal a.
Fascia lata (Lateral femoral fascia)
Thick sheath of fascia serving as aponeurotic insertion for thigh muscles
Crural extensor retinaculum
Band of deep crural fascia that binds down the tendons of the long digital extensor and the cranial tibial muscles
Tarsal extensor retinaculum
Fibrous loop that attaches to the calcaneus and wraps around the tendon of the long digital extensor
Tarsal tunnel
Formed by the sustentaculum tali, calcanean tuber, and flexor retinaculum; contains tendons of lateral digital flexor, medial and lateral plantar nerves, and caudal branch of saphenous artery
Vascular lacuna
Medial compartment under the inguinal ligament for the passage of femoral vessels
Autonomous zones of cutaneous innervation of pelvic limb
Saphenous n. - Medial crus, from stifle to hock
Tibial n. - Plantar pes/digital surface
Fibular n. - Lateral crus and dorsal digital surface, not including calcaneus
Sciatic n.- proximal to greater trochanter, and includes zones for fibular and tibial n.; varies when caudal to femur
Caudal cutaneous femoral n.- caudolateral femoral and hip region
