Dog breeds Flashcards
40 million years ago, what species did the dog evolve from?
Miacis (a small tree-dwelling carnivore)
describe the Tomarctus
prototype dog
resembles the present-day wolf.
Dogs were the 1st species to have been domesticated. Why?
- early dogs probably followed human encampments, scavenging wastes
- dogs became hunting companions
later they became guard dogs - by the time of the Egyptian rule, they were being kept as pets
what are the 4 prototype breeds?
Canis familiaris metris-optimae
* forerunner of sheep-herding breeds
Canis familiaris intermedius
* forerunner of many hauling, hunting, and toy
breeds
Canis familiaris leineri
* forerunner of the sighthound and many terriers
Canis familiaris inostranzewi
* forerunner of mastiffs and some water dogs
how did we breed dogs to appear so different from their ancestors?
selective breeding
What are some of the differences between dogs and wild canids?
- Many wild canids are
monogamous, which is not true
for today’s dog - earlier sexual maturity (2y in the wild, 6-8m in the domestic dog)
- Wild dogs only produce one
litter per year, whereas
domestic dogs can produce 2
even 3 litters per year
Inbreeding
the breeding of closely related progeny.
allows the strongest, most desirable traits to be fixed but also concentrates any weaknesses
what are some problems with inbreeding?
- concentrates the weaknesses
- the products can either be much better or much worse
- breed can be strengthened by culling
line breeding
the breeding of individuals that are more distantly related, but with common ancestors in the pedigree for 4 or 5 generations
the breeding of individuals that are more distantly related, but with common ancestors in the pedigree
line breeding
what are the benefits of line breeding?
allows for the establishment of certain families or strains with similar characteristics
what is the downfall of line breeding?
doesn’t stabilize characteristics as efficiently as proper inbreeding
Outcross breeding
the breeding of individuals with no common ancestors in the last 4-5 generations
the breeding of individuals with no common ancestors in the last 4-5 generations
outcross breeding
What are the benefits of outcross breeding?
- bring hybrid and vigor
- minimize undesirable characteristics
parents are often products of line breeding chosen to complement each other - in theory, this means the shortfall of one parent is balanced by the strength of the other
what are the downfalls of outcrossbreeding?
lacks uniformity in the offspring
What are the characteristics of sporting dogs?
- high energy
- great stamina
- have a desire to retrieve, point, run, and flush out
- great noses
- very active which may lead to destructive tendencies if not given enough exercise.
What are the 4 sub-categories of sporting dogs?
- setters (require some coat care)
- spaniels (tend to be smaller than the others, require some coat care)
- retrievers
- pointers
Dewlap
loose pendular skin under the throat (e.g. bloodhound)
Flews
fleshy, sometimes pendulous upper lip (English bulldog)
stop
step up from the muzzle
also indentation between the eyes
tucked up
shallow body depth at the loin
small waisted
e.g. grey hound
roach back
convex curvature of the back towards, but not including, the loin
sway back
concave curvature of the back
level bite
incisors of the upper and lower jaws meet exactly; even bite
overshot bite
upper incisors overlap and do not touch the lower incisors
scissor bite
outer side of the lower incisors touches the outer side of the upper incisor
reverse scissor bite
the inner side of the lower incisors touches the inner side of the upper incisors (similar to an underbite)
undershot bite
lower incisors overlap and do not touch upper incisors
deep in chest
chest descends at least to the point of the elbow
button ear
ear flap folds forward with the tip near the skull, covering the ear orifice
rose ear
small drop ear that folds over and back revealing the burr (e.g. pug)
butterfly noe
partially colored nose
roman nose
convex nasal top line (e.g. collie)
mask
dark shading that forms a mask-like pattern about the head (e.g. boxer)
ewe neck
neck with concave top-line
throaty neck
neck skin is loose and wrinkled
name the 10 sporting dog breeds
American cocker spaniel
Brittany spaniel
Chesapeake bay retriever
English springer spaniel
german shorthair pointer
Irish setter
golden retriever
labrador retriever
vizsla
Weimaraner
American cocker spaniel
- sporting dog
- grooming is essential
- loves people
- demands affection, stable, not moody
- fast learner, good obedient dog
- alert watchdog, passive, unsuitable guard dog
- good with kids and strangers
- submissive
- needs a fair amount of exercise
Faulys (AKC) excessive or cury or cotton-textured coat
breed associated problems: cataracts, progressive renal atrophy, entropion, ectropion, patellar luxation, hypothyroidism, otitis externa, many skin problems (allergies, seborrhea)
Brittany spaniel
- sporting dog
- natural pointer
- usually very friendly
Chesapeake bay retriever
- sporting dog
- sheds a lot
- loves to swim and run
English springer spaniel
- sporting dog
- quick to learn
- needs a strong leader
- skills: flushing and retrieving
- demands a lot of affection, is very playful, can be destructive, stable, and easygoing
- average obedience
- alert watchdog, passive and unsuitable guard dog
- good with strangers and children
- can be dominant or submissive
- very active
faults: prominent haw, rough, curly coat
Breed associations: chronic ear infections, central progressive retinal atrophy, entropion, ectropion, hip dysplasia, congenital seborrhea, behavioral problems
german shorthaired pointer
- sporting breed
- hardy
- great field or at-home companion
Irish setter
- sporting dog
- needs a lot of exercise
- late bloomers, may need more training
Golden retriever
- sporting dog
- reliable temperament
- plenty of exercise
- skills: flushing, retrieving, guide dog
- playful, not destructive, stable, not moody
smart, fast learner, good obedience - good watchdog, bad guard dog
- good with kids and strangers
breed associated problems: hip dysplasia, entropion, central progressive retinal atrophy, moist dermatitis, cataracts, von Willebrand’s disease
Labrador retriever
- sporting dog
- gentle with a stable temperament
- puppies have lots of energy
- '’otter tail’’ due to its rounded look, thick base, tapering tip
- skills: flushing, retrieving, guide dog
- alert watchdog, aggressive to passive guard dog
- playfully, not destructive, intelligent, fast learner, good obedience
- one family dog, good with children, friendly to tolerant with strangers
- needs a lot of exercise
breed associated problems: hip dysplasia, entropion, central progressive retinal atrophy, cataracts, melanoma, hypothyroidism, megaesophagus, gastric dilation-volvulus
Vizsla
- sporting dog
- sensitive and devoted
Weimaraner
- sporting dog
- needs lots of exercise
What are hound characteristics?
- independent, need good fencing because they like to roam
- can be divided into sight hounds and scent hounds (trail hounds)
- some are bred to hunt in packs
- sometimes difficult to housebreak
- given to howling
What are the two hound groups and what are their characteristics?
Seight houd: second best smell, run rull out at top speeds
Scent hounds/trail hounds: superior sense of smell, diligent and patient but can be destructive/
Name the 13 hound breeds
- Afghan hound
- Basenji
- Basset hound
- Beagle
- Bloodhound
- borzoi
- dachshund
- Greyhound
- Irish wolfhound
- Norwegian elkhound
- Rhodesian ridgeback
- Saluki
- Whippet