Dog breeds Flashcards
40 million years ago, what species did the dog evolve from?
Miacis (a small tree-dwelling carnivore)
describe the Tomarctus
prototype dog
resembles the present-day wolf.
Dogs were the 1st species to have been domesticated. Why?
- early dogs probably followed human encampments, scavenging wastes
- dogs became hunting companions
later they became guard dogs - by the time of the Egyptian rule, they were being kept as pets
what are the 4 prototype breeds?
Canis familiaris metris-optimae
* forerunner of sheep-herding breeds
Canis familiaris intermedius
* forerunner of many hauling, hunting, and toy
breeds
Canis familiaris leineri
* forerunner of the sighthound and many terriers
Canis familiaris inostranzewi
* forerunner of mastiffs and some water dogs
how did we breed dogs to appear so different from their ancestors?
selective breeding
What are some of the differences between dogs and wild canids?
- Many wild canids are
monogamous, which is not true
for today’s dog - earlier sexual maturity (2y in the wild, 6-8m in the domestic dog)
- Wild dogs only produce one
litter per year, whereas
domestic dogs can produce 2
even 3 litters per year
Inbreeding
the breeding of closely related progeny.
allows the strongest, most desirable traits to be fixed but also concentrates any weaknesses
what are some problems with inbreeding?
- concentrates the weaknesses
- the products can either be much better or much worse
- breed can be strengthened by culling
line breeding
the breeding of individuals that are more distantly related, but with common ancestors in the pedigree for 4 or 5 generations
the breeding of individuals that are more distantly related, but with common ancestors in the pedigree
line breeding
what are the benefits of line breeding?
allows for the establishment of certain families or strains with similar characteristics
what is the downfall of line breeding?
doesn’t stabilize characteristics as efficiently as proper inbreeding
Outcross breeding
the breeding of individuals with no common ancestors in the last 4-5 generations
the breeding of individuals with no common ancestors in the last 4-5 generations
outcross breeding
What are the benefits of outcross breeding?
- bring hybrid and vigor
- minimize undesirable characteristics
parents are often products of line breeding chosen to complement each other - in theory, this means the shortfall of one parent is balanced by the strength of the other
what are the downfalls of outcrossbreeding?
lacks uniformity in the offspring
What are the characteristics of sporting dogs?
- high energy
- great stamina
- have a desire to retrieve, point, run, and flush out
- great noses
- very active which may lead to destructive tendencies if not given enough exercise.
What are the 4 sub-categories of sporting dogs?
- setters (require some coat care)
- spaniels (tend to be smaller than the others, require some coat care)
- retrievers
- pointers
Dewlap
loose pendular skin under the throat (e.g. bloodhound)
Flews
fleshy, sometimes pendulous upper lip (English bulldog)
stop
step up from the muzzle
also indentation between the eyes
tucked up
shallow body depth at the loin
small waisted
e.g. grey hound
roach back
convex curvature of the back towards, but not including, the loin
sway back
concave curvature of the back
level bite
incisors of the upper and lower jaws meet exactly; even bite
overshot bite
upper incisors overlap and do not touch the lower incisors
scissor bite
outer side of the lower incisors touches the outer side of the upper incisor
reverse scissor bite
the inner side of the lower incisors touches the inner side of the upper incisors (similar to an underbite)
undershot bite
lower incisors overlap and do not touch upper incisors
deep in chest
chest descends at least to the point of the elbow
button ear
ear flap folds forward with the tip near the skull, covering the ear orifice
rose ear
small drop ear that folds over and back revealing the burr (e.g. pug)
butterfly noe
partially colored nose
roman nose
convex nasal top line (e.g. collie)
mask
dark shading that forms a mask-like pattern about the head (e.g. boxer)
ewe neck
neck with concave top-line
throaty neck
neck skin is loose and wrinkled
name the 10 sporting dog breeds
American cocker spaniel
Brittany spaniel
Chesapeake bay retriever
English springer spaniel
german shorthair pointer
Irish setter
golden retriever
labrador retriever
vizsla
Weimaraner
American cocker spaniel
- sporting dog
- grooming is essential
- loves people
- demands affection, stable, not moody
- fast learner, good obedient dog
- alert watchdog, passive, unsuitable guard dog
- good with kids and strangers
- submissive
- needs a fair amount of exercise
Faulys (AKC) excessive or cury or cotton-textured coat
breed associated problems: cataracts, progressive renal atrophy, entropion, ectropion, patellar luxation, hypothyroidism, otitis externa, many skin problems (allergies, seborrhea)
Brittany spaniel
- sporting dog
- natural pointer
- usually very friendly
Chesapeake bay retriever
- sporting dog
- sheds a lot
- loves to swim and run
English springer spaniel
- sporting dog
- quick to learn
- needs a strong leader
- skills: flushing and retrieving
- demands a lot of affection, is very playful, can be destructive, stable, and easygoing
- average obedience
- alert watchdog, passive and unsuitable guard dog
- good with strangers and children
- can be dominant or submissive
- very active
faults: prominent haw, rough, curly coat
Breed associations: chronic ear infections, central progressive retinal atrophy, entropion, ectropion, hip dysplasia, congenital seborrhea, behavioral problems
german shorthaired pointer
- sporting breed
- hardy
- great field or at-home companion
Irish setter
- sporting dog
- needs a lot of exercise
- late bloomers, may need more training
Golden retriever
- sporting dog
- reliable temperament
- plenty of exercise
- skills: flushing, retrieving, guide dog
- playful, not destructive, stable, not moody
smart, fast learner, good obedience - good watchdog, bad guard dog
- good with kids and strangers
breed associated problems: hip dysplasia, entropion, central progressive retinal atrophy, moist dermatitis, cataracts, von Willebrand’s disease
Labrador retriever
- sporting dog
- gentle with a stable temperament
- puppies have lots of energy
- '’otter tail’’ due to its rounded look, thick base, tapering tip
- skills: flushing, retrieving, guide dog
- alert watchdog, aggressive to passive guard dog
- playfully, not destructive, intelligent, fast learner, good obedience
- one family dog, good with children, friendly to tolerant with strangers
- needs a lot of exercise
breed associated problems: hip dysplasia, entropion, central progressive retinal atrophy, cataracts, melanoma, hypothyroidism, megaesophagus, gastric dilation-volvulus
Vizsla
- sporting dog
- sensitive and devoted
Weimaraner
- sporting dog
- needs lots of exercise
What are hound characteristics?
- independent, need good fencing because they like to roam
- can be divided into sight hounds and scent hounds (trail hounds)
- some are bred to hunt in packs
- sometimes difficult to housebreak
- given to howling
What are the two hound groups and what are their characteristics?
Seight houd: second best smell, run rull out at top speeds
Scent hounds/trail hounds: superior sense of smell, diligent and patient but can be destructive/
Name the 13 hound breeds
- Afghan hound
- Basenji
- Basset hound
- Beagle
- Bloodhound
- borzoi
- dachshund
- Greyhound
- Irish wolfhound
- Norwegian elkhound
- Rhodesian ridgeback
- Saluki
- Whippet
Afghan hound
- hound dog
- requires hours of grooming and room to run
Basenji
- hound dog
- yodels
- can be aloof with strangers
Basset hound
- hound dog
- should not be allowed to roam unsupervised b/c they are natural hunters
- very laid back
-trail hound
Beagle
- hound dog
- minimal grooming
- should not be allowed to roam
- skills: hunting rabbits by scent
- friendly, stable temperament
- good with kids and strangers
- excessive barking
- submissive
- good watchdog (barks at most noises), unsuitable guard dog
- beagle smell
Breed-associated problems: intervertebral disc disease, epilepsy, progressive retinal atrophy, atopic dermatitis
Bloodhound
- affectionate but somewhat shy
- trail houndg
Borzoi
- hound dog
- sight hound, don’t let roam
- needs grooming
Dachshund
- loyal and good companions
- free from ‘doggy’ odor
- Skills: house pet, hunt small animals into holes and dig out prey
- lively, playful, protective
- destructive
- fast learners, average to poor obedience
- stubborn
- alert watchdog, unsuitable guard dog
- may snap at children, unsuitable with strangers
- needs little exercise
Breed-associated problems: gastric dilation-volvulus, intervertebral disc disease, deafness, diabetes mellitus, small eyes, several eye problems, cleft palate
greyhound
- hound dog
- need energy outlet, if not could get destructive
- needs soft areas to sleep
Irish wolfhound
- hound dog
- tallest brees
- sensitive
Norwegian elkhound
- hound dog
- thick coat, needs good brushing
- bold and energetic
Rhodesian ridgeback
- hound dog
- ridge of hair that grows backward
- rarely noisy
Saluki
- hound dog
- active
- great attachment to O
- sighthound
Whippet
- hound dog
- a hardy, powerful breed
- can be aloof and bark at strangers
What the the characteristics of working dogs:
- great intelligence and devotion to their O
- watchdogs, pull/cart/pack, guard livestock, rescue
- lower activity but size and guarding instinct must be considered
Name the 16 working dogs
- Akita
- Alaskan malamute
- Bernese mountain dog
- boxer
- Doberman pincer
- great Dane
- bull mastiff
- mastiff
- Newfoundland
- rottweiler
- st Bernard
- Samoyed
- giant schnauzer
- standard schnauzer
- Siberian husky
- Neapolitan mastiff
Akita
- working-dog
- loyal to family and friends
- needs a fenced yard
Alaskan malamute
- working-dog
- one of the oldest Arctic sled bods
- loves the outdoors
Bernese mountain dog
- working-dog
- large and friendly
- faithful and devoted
Boxer
- working-dog
- alert, self-assured
- playful and fun-loving
- skill: guarding
- not moody, tends to drool and snore, fast learner, poor obedience, stubborn
- friendly with family and children
- reserved with strangers
- needs a lot of exercise
Breed-associated problems: gastric dilation-volvulus, tumors, intervertebral disc degeneration, corneal ulcers, esophageal dilation, distichiasis
Bull Mastiff
- working group
- calm and dependable
- can be wary of strangers
Doberman Pinscher
- working dog
- easy to teach, quick to learn
- devoted to their O
- watchdog
Great Dane
- working dog
- can be great family dogs
- needs lots of attention
Mastiff
- working dog
- needs lots of exercise, but don’t overdo it during growth
newfoundland
- working dog
- webbed feet
- brave and loyal companions
Rottweiler
- working dog
- loyal companion that requires time and training
St. Bernard
- working dog
- Hard worker
- loyal and dedicated
Samoyed
- working dog
- a friend for life
- affectionate and thrives on companionship
Giant and Standard Schnauzer
- working dog
- good companions
- intelligent, fast learner
- need a firm and patient O
- skills: was a ratter
- lively, excitable
- excessive barking
- good watchdog, bad guard dog
- may snap at children, friendly to tolerant with strangers
Breed associated problems: megaesophagus, cataracts, Von Willebrand’s disease, cryptorchid, schnauzer comedome syndrome (dermatitis in front of tail head), pseudohermaphroditism
Siberian Husky
- working dog
- loves to run
- sheds non stop
- DRAMA
- Skill: sled dog:
- playful, mischievous, hard-working, stable, not moody, fast learners
- poor obedience
- unsuitable watch or guard dog
- good with kids, friends, and strangers
Breed associated problems: Von Willebrand’s disease, progressive retinal atrophy
Neapolitan Mastiff
- working dog
- generally docile, but and exceptional guard dog
- energy efficient
what are the characteristics of a terrier?
- feisty, independent, stubborn
- may be aggressive to other dogs
- devoted, cheerful pets
- bred to eliminate vermin
- divided into 3 sub-groups: long-legged, short-legged, and at one time fighting dogs
- great at digging
fear nothing - barking may be a problem
what are the 3 subgroups of the terrier dogs?
long-legged
short-legged
fighting dogs
name all ten terriers
- Airedale
- American Staffordshire Terrier
- bull terrier
- cairn terrier
- wired terrier
- smooth terrier
- Mini schnauzer
- Scottish terrier
- Soft-coated wheaten terrier
- west highland terrier
American Staffordshire terrier
- terrier
- affectionate and outgoing
Bull terrier
- terrier
- playful, sensitive and affectionate
Cairn terrier
- terrier
- alert, inteligent, active
weird and smooth fox terrier
- terrier
- like to dig
- very alert
Mini Schnauzer
- terrier
- alert, spirited and friendly
- vocal
- was a ratter
- not moody
- fast learner
- one family dog, may snap at children, friendly to tolerant with strangers
- needs a fair amount of exercise
Breed-associated problems: megaesophagus, cataract, Von Willebrand’s disease, cryptorchidism, schnauzer comedome (dermatitis in front of the tail head), pseudohermaphroditism
Scottish terrier
- terrier
- dependable and loyal
- may be aloof with strangers
soft coated wheaten terrier
- terrier
- quick
- lively and affectionate
West Highland white terrier
- terrier
- strong-willed and ALL terrier
- determined and devoted
What are the characteristics of the toy breeds?
- are nobility from centuries ago
- a lot of dog in a small package
- many are the minis of larger breeds
- divides into 4 subgroups: sight hounds, molloser-type dogs, spaniels, spits, terriers, pinschers
- housebreaking problems
- not recommended around rowdy kids
- ## good for small spaces
chihuahua
- toy breed
- hardy and dependable
- good travelers
- can have long or short coat
- can have a deer or an apple head shape
- excessive barking, fear snapping, guards foods or objects, neither destructive nor playful
- fast learners
- alert and barks at all noises, not a good guard dog
- one-person dog
- may snap at children
- reserved to dangerous with strangers
- unpredictable, anti-social, does not like other dogs nearby
- needs little exercise
breed associated problems: patellar luxation, cleft palate, hypoglycemia, many eye problems, collapsed trachea
Maltese
- toy breed
- daily brushing
- not great with kids
Pekingese
- toy breed
- dignified and sometimes stubborn
- regular grooming
name the 7 toy breeds
- chihuahua
- bichon fries
- Shih Tzu
- Pomeranian
- toy poodle
- pug
- Yorkshire terrier
Pomeranian
- toy breed
- hearty and strong
- usually very extroverted
- destructive
- alert, barks at all noises
- one-person dog, dangerous and may snap at children and strangers
- dominant
- needs little exercise
- breed associated problems: patellar luxation, dislocation of the shoulder, tracheal collapse, excessive tearing, progressive retinal atrophy, open fontanel, cryptorchidism, glycogen storage disease
toy poodle
- toy breed
- active, intelligentt, elegant
- adaptable
- likes affection, excessive barking, dominance, guarding can be a problem, changeable mood
- fast learner, good obedient dog
- barks at noises, unsuitable guard dog
- one-person dog, snaps at children, reserved with strangers
- needs little exercise
breed associated problems: distichiasis, atopic dermatitis, progressive retinal atrophy, epilepsy, excessive tearing, eye problems, von Willeband’s disease, ectopic ureters, congenital deafness, patellar luxation, entropion, intervertebral disc degeneration
Pug
- toy breed
- even-tempered
- playful
Yorkshire terrier
- toy breed
- regular grooming
- easily injured
- originally a ratter
- excitable, excessive barking, changeable and moody
- fast learner, stubborn, average to poor obedience
- one family dog, will snap at children, tolerant of strangers
dominant
breed associated problems: patellar luxation, distichiasis, legg-perthes disease, hydrocephalus
describe the non-sporting group
- catch all group
- difficult to categorize
name the 8 non-sporting dog breeds
- Bichon Frise
- Shih Tzu
- Boston Terrier
- shar-pei
- chow-chow
- dalmatian
- keeshond
- Lhasa apso
Bichon Frise
- non-sporting breed
- cheerful (the curly lap dog)
Shih Tzu
- non-sporting dog
- sturdy
- can get injured by kids
- daily grooming
- originally a palace dog
- excitable, like lots of affection
not moody - fast learner, average obedience
- barks at all noises
- friendly with family and children, tolerant of strangers
Breed-associated problems: cleft palate, sensitivity to heat, von Willebrand’s disease
Boston terrier
- non-sporting group
- loving, sensitive, can be a clown
chow chow
- non-sporting breed
- weekly grooming
- can be possessive
- a good companion for adults
Sar-pei
- non-sporting breed
- regal, alert, intelligent
Lhasa apso
- non-sporting dog
- intelligent
- keen hearing
- wary of strangers
- originally a guard dog in ancient Tibet
- likes attention, not playfully, tries to dominate O, moody
- one family dog, irritable and snappish with children, unpredictable and aggressive towards strangers
- needs a fair amount of exercise
breed associated problems: inguinal hernia, distichiasis, progressive retinal atrophy, entropion, patellar luxation
Dalmatian
- non-sporting breed
- can appear snobbish with strangers
- many smile when happy
Keeshond
- non-sporting breed
- intelligent and outgoing
- bouncy dogs
what is a drover vs a herder?
drover: drive them to market
herder: tend to flock
what are the characteristics of the herding dogs?
- very intelligent
- good natural watchdog
- well-rounded pet
subdivided into herders and drovers - developed to work with a variety of livestock
- form strong family attachments
- not usually prone to roam
- very popular for companion dogs
name all 10 herding dogs
- Australian cattle dog
- Australian shepherd
- Bouvier des flandres
- smooth + rough collie
- German shepherd
- Old English sheepdog
- Pembrook Welsh corgi
- Cardigan Welsh corgi
- schapendoes ( dutch sheepdog)
Australian cattle dog
- herding dog
- sturdy, alert, watchful
Australian shepherd
- herding dog
- inteligent with strong herding instinct
- active, regular exercise
Bouvier des Flandres
- herding dog
- all-purpose farm dog
- natural guard dog
Smooth or rough collie
- herding dog
- alert watch dogs
- loyal and reliable
- playful, likes attention, normal to changeable moods
- unsuitable guard dog
- one family dog, sociable to tolerant with children, reserved with strangers
- submissive
- needs a lot of exercise
breed associated problems: cataracts, hip dysplasia, nasal solar dermatitis, walleye, progressive retinal atrophy, sometimes their testicles are slow to drop with some not dropping till 12 months
Pembroke welsh corgi
- herding dog
- sheds a lot
- active and fun to live with
German shepherd
- herding dog
- intelligent and faithful
- excellent travelers
- destructive, not moody
- fast learners, very obedient
- alert watchdog, aggressive guard dog
- one family dog, good with kids, reserved with strangers
- dominant
breed associated problems: epilepsy, cleft palate, von Willebrands disease, cataracts, hip dysplasia, osteosarcoma, behavioral abnormalities, gastroenteritis, malabsorption syndrome
old English sheep dog
- herding dog
- loves home and family
- extremely affectionate
cardigan welsh corgi
- herding dog
- has a special affinity for children
schapendoes
aka dutch sheepdog
- herding dog
- jolly, friendly, high spirited
- gallops rather than trots
describe the miscellaneous class
- breeds not well known outside of their area
- no cross breeds
coton de tulear
- miscellaneous class (toy)
- boisterous, merry, and a bit of a clown
- eager and intelligent
border collie
- misc group (herding_
- intelligent
- trainable
Catahoula leopard dog
- misc breed
- one family dog
- quick learners
- wary of strangers
jack russel terrier
- misc breed
Great Swiss mountain dog
- misc breed
