Doctrine Flashcards
Campaign
(JP 3-0) A series of related major operations aimed at
achieving strategic and operational objectives within a given
time and space.
(ADRP 1-02) Same.
Operation
(JP 3-0) Major Operation A major operation is a series of
tactical actions (battles, engagements, strikes) conducted by
combat forces of a single or several Services, coordinated in
time and place, to achieve strategic or operational objectives
in an operational area. (Note: Single Service CDR or JFC)
(ADRP 3-0) For Army forces, an operation is a military action,
consisting of two of more related tactical actions, designed to
achieve a strategic objective, in whole or in part.
(ADRP 3-0) A tactical action is a battle or engagement
employing lethal and nonlethal actions designed for a specific
purpose relative to the enemy, the terrain, friendly forces, or
other entity.
Operational Art (Joint)
(JP 3-0) The cognitive approach by commanders and staffs—
supported by their skill, knowledge, experience, creativity, and
judgment—to develop strategies, campaigns, and operations to
organize and employ military forces by integrating ends, ways, and
means.
Through operational art, commanders link ends, ways, and means to
achieve the desired end state” (JP 5-0, III-1)
- Ends: What is the military end state that must be achieved, how is it related to the strategic end state, and what objectives must be achieved to enable that end state? - Ways: What sequence of actions is most likely to achieve those objectives and the end state? - Means: What resources are required to accomplish that sequence of actions within given or requested resources?
Operational Art (Army)
(ADRP 3-0) For Army forces, operational art is the pursuit of
strategic objectives, in whole or in part, through the
arrangement of tactical actions in time, space, and purpose.
Operational art applies to all aspects of operations and
integrates ends, ways, and means, while accounting for risk.
Operational art is applicable at all levels of war, not just to the
operational level of war. (ADRP 3-0, 4-1)
Center of Gravity
(Joint Element of Operational Design AND Army Element of Operational Art)
(JP 3-0) The source of power that provides moral or physical
strength, freedom of action, or will to act.
(ADRP 3-0) Same.
Strategy
(JP 3-0) A prudent idea or set of ideas for employing the
instruments of national power in a synchronized and
integrated fashion to achieve theater, national, and/or
multinational objectives.
(ADRP 3-0) None.
Decisive Point
(Joint Element of Operational Design AND Army Element of Operational Art)
(JP 3-0) A geographic place, specific key event, critical factor,
or function that, when acted upon, allows commanders to gain
a marked advantage over an adversary or contribute
materially to achieving success.
(ADRP 1-02) Same.
Different from Center of Gravity!!!!
Decision Point
(DoD) A point in space and time when the commander or staff
anticipates making a key decision concerning a specific
course of action.
Interior Lines v. Exterior Lines
Interior Lines (ADRP 3-0) Lines on which a force operates
when its operations diverge from a central point.
Exterior Lines (ADRP 3-0) Lines on which a force operates
when its operations converge on the enemy.
Decisive Terrain v. Key Terrain
Key Terrain
(ADRP 1-02) Any locality, or area, the seizure or retention of
which affords a marked advantage to either combatant.
Decisive Terrain
(ADRP 1-02) Decisive terrain, when, present, is key terrain
whose seizure and retention is mandatory for successful
mission accomplishment.
Combat Power (ADRP 3-0)
The total means of destructive, constructive, and information
capabilities that a military unit or formation can apply at a
given time.
Combat power has eight elements (Warfighting Functions +2):
1. Leadership
- Information
- Mission command
- Movement and maneuver
- Intelligence
- Fires
- Sustainment
- Protection
Mission Command (Philosophy)
Army Only
(ADRP 3-0)
The exercise of authority and direction by the commander using
mission orders to enable disciplined initiative within the commander’s
intent to empower agile and adaptive leaders in the conduct of unified
land operations. Exercised by Army commanders, it blends the art of
command and the science of control while integrating the warfighting
functions to conduct the tasks of decisive action.
Mission command illuminates the Army leader’s responsibility to
understand, visualize, describe, direct, lead, and assess.
Mission command has six fundamental principles:
- Build cohesive teams through mutual trust.
- Create shared understanding.
- Provide a clear commander’s intent.
- Exercise disciplined initiative.
- Use mission orders.
- Accept prudent risk.
Mission Command (WfF Function) (ADRP 3-0)
The mission command warfighting function is the related
tasks and systems that develop and integrate those activities
enabling a commander to balance the art of command and
the science of control in order to integrate the other
warfighting functions.
Commanders, assisted by their staffs, integrate numerous
processes and activities within the headquarters and across
the force as they exercise mission command.
Commander’s Role in Mission Command
ADRP 3-0
The art of command is the creative and skillful exercise of
authority through decisionmaking and leadership. As
commanders exercise the art of command, they perform the
following tasks:
Drive the operations process through their activities of
understanding, visualizing, describing, directing, leading, and
assessing operations.
Develop teams, both within their own organizations and with
joint, interagency, and multinational partners.
Inform and influence audiences, inside and outside their
organizations
Staff’s Role in Mission Command
ADRP 3-0
The commander leads the staff’s tasks under the science of
control. The science of control consists of systems and
procedures to improve the commander’s understanding and
to support accomplishing missions.
The four primary staff tasks are:
1. Conduct the operations process: plan, prepare, execute,
and assess.
2. Conduct knowledge management and information
management.
3. Conduct inform and influence activities.
4. Conduct cyber electromagnetic activities.
Operational Approach
(JP 5-0)
The operational approach is a description of the broad actions
the force must take to transform current conditions into those
desired at end state (JP 5-0).
(ADRP 3-0) Same.
Commanders use a common doctrinal language to visualize
and describe their operational approach. The operational
approach provides a framework that relates tactical tasks to
the desired end state. It provides a unifying purpose and
focus to all operations.
Elements of Operational Design (Joint)
Joint force commanders and staffs consider elements of operational design. Elements of operational design are individual tools that help the joint force commander and staffs visualize and describe the broad operational approach. 1. Termination 2. Military end state 3. Objective 4. Effects 5. Center of gravity 6. Decisive point 7. Lines of operations and lines of effort 8. Direct and indirect approach 9. Anticipation 10. Operational reach 11. Culmination 12. Arranging operations 13. Force and functions
Elements of Operational Art (Army)
- End state and conditions
- Center of gravity*
- Decisive points*
- Lines of operations and lines of effort*
- Operational reach*
- Basing
- Tempo
- Phasing and transitions
- Culmination*
- Risk
*Common to elements of operational design
Army forces utilize Elements of Operational Design when acting as Joint Forces
Headquarters.
