DOC. REFUERZO - HEAD & NECK Flashcards
Demineralization of enamel and dentin
tooth loss before 35
DENTAL CARIES
Inflammation of periodontal ligaments alveolar bone, & cementum
PERIODONTITIS
Causes loosening & eventual tooth loss
• Origin of infective endocarditis
PERIODONTITIS
PAINFUL
SUPERFICIAL ORAL MUCOSAL ULCERATIONS
REGRESS 7-10 DAYS
APHTHOUS ULCER
APHTHOUS ULCERS
ASSOCIATED WITH IMUNOLOGIC DISEASES
CELIAC DISEASE
IBD
BEHCET DISEASE
HERPEX SIMPLEX
ON CHILDREN
GINGIVOSTOMATITIS
HERPES SIMPLEX
ON ADULTS
PHARYNGITIS
HERPES SIMPLEX ON
IMMUNOCOMPROMISED
CHRONIC MUCOCUTANEOUS INFECTION
ETIOLOGIC AGENT ON HERPES SIMPLEX INFECTIONS
HSV-1 & HSV-2
MORE COMMON HSV-1
HSV EXHIBITS LATENCY IN
TRIGEMINAL GANGLIA
HSV IN TRIGEMINAL GANGLIA
RECURRENT HERPETIC STOMATITIS
TRIGGERS FOR HSV
ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT
HIGH TEPMP EXPOSURES
TRAUMA
ALLERGIES
URTI
PREGNANCY
MENSTRUATION
IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
USE FOR DIAGNOSIS OF HSV
TZANCK SMEAR
EOSINOPHILIC VIRAL INCLUSIONS (COWDRY TYPE A)
MULTINUCLEATE POLYKARYONS : GIANT CELLS
HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION
WHITE PATCH CANOT BE SCRAPED OFF
LEUKOPLAKIA
RED, VELVETY AREA ORAL CAVITY
ERODED AND SLIGHTLY DEPRESSED
ERYTHROPLAKIA
MORE OMINOUS
LEUKOPLAKIA OR ERYTHROPLAKIA
ERYTHROPLAKIA
MARKEDLY DYSPLASTIC MERGING WITH CARCINOMA IN SITU
LEUKOPLAKIA
REDDISH PLAQUE DUE TO VASCULAR DILATION
ERYTHROPLAKIA
SEVERE DYSPLASIA
CARCINOMA INSITI
MINIMALY INVASIVE CARCINOMA
ERYTHROPLAKIA
MOST COMMONCA OFTHE HEAD AND NECK
SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA - 95%
HIGH RISK IN HPV INFECTION
SCC
-TONSILS
-TONGUE BASE
-OROPHARYNX
RISK FACTOR OF SCC
TOBACCO
SMOKING
BETEL CHEWING
SUNLIGHT
PIPE SMOKING
SCC NON-HPV ASSOCIATED
KERATINIZING
-VENTRAL SURFACE OF TONGUE
-FLOR OF MOUTH
-LOWER LIP
-SOFT PALATE
-GINGIVA
SCC HPV-ASSOCIATED
NON KERATINIZING
-TONSILS
-TONGUE BASE
-OROPHARYNX
NEST ANDLOBULES GROWING WITHIN SHEET OF LYMPHOCYTES
HPV ASSOCIATED: NON-KERATINIZING
MARKER OF HPVN ASSOC SCC
p16
WORSE PROGNOSIS SCC
NON-HPV ASSOC
MC SITE OF LOCALMETS
CERVICAL LN
DISTANT METS COMMON IN:
MEDIASTINAL LN
LUNG
LIVER
BONES
REMNANTS OF ODONTOGENIC EPITHELIUM IN THE JAWS
ODONTOGENIC CYSTS
2 ODONTOGENIC TUMORS
- ODONTOMA
- AMELOBLASTOMA
MC ODONTOGENIC TUMOR
TX: LOCAL EXCISION
ECTOMESENCHYMAL DIFFERENTIATION
ODONTOMA
LOCALLY INVASIVE
TX:WIDE EXCISION
NO EVIDENCE OF ECTOMESENCHYMAL DIFFERENTIATION
AMELOBLASTOMA
NONKERATINIZING
STROMAL CHRONIC INFLAMMATION
IMPACTED OR UNERUPTED TOOTH
PROGRESS TO AMELOBLASTOMA
DENTIGEROUS CYSTS
KERTINIZED
CORUGATED EPITHELIAL SURFACE
POSTERIOR MANDIBLE
LOCALY AGGRESSIVE
EVALUATED FOR NEVOID BCCA SYNDROME (GORLIN SYN SYNDROME)
ODONTOGENIC KERATOCYST
NON KERATINIZING
ACUTE & CHRONIC INFLAMMATION
APEX OF NON VIABLE TOOTH
DENTAL CARIES OR TRAUMA
PERIAPICAL ABCESS
DO NOT GIVE RISE TO AMELOBLASTOMA
RADICULAR CYST
RARECOMPLICATION OF BACTERIAL PHARYNGITIS
LEMIERRE SYNDROME
MC ORGANISM IN LEMIERRE SYNDROME
FUSOBACTERIUM SP.
INFECTIOUS - RHINOVIRUS,CORONA, ADENOVIRUS
ALLERGIC (IgE MEDIATED)
RHINITIS
SEQUELAE OF RHINITIS
CHRONIC RHINITIS
SINUSITIS
NASAL POLYPS
MASSESOF EDEMATOUS MUCOSA WITH LOOSE STROMA
NASAL POLYPS
NASAL POLYPS IS AN IMPORTANT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS FOR PATIENTS WITH
CHRONIC NASAL CONGESTION
MC CAUSE OF PHARYNGITIS AND TONSILITIS
BACTERIAL
MC- GABHS
THEN S. AUREUS
CAUSES OF PHARYNGITIS AND TONSILLITIS
VIRAL
RHINITIS
RSV
INFLUENZA
INFLAMED MUCOSA WITH OR WITHOUT EXUDATES
FOLICULAR TONSILLITIS (REACTIVE LYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA OF THE TONSILS
TONSILOPHRAYNGITIS
NASOPHARYNX BENIGN TUMOR
HISTO - BENIGN
BIOLOGICALLY - AGRESSIVE
HIGHLY VASCULAR - LEAD TO HEMORRHAGE
CTNNB1 (BETA CATENIN) MUTATIONS
NASOPHARYNGEAL ANGIOFIBROMA
ASSOC WITH FAMILIAL ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS
NASAOPHARYNGEAL ANGIOFIBROMA
FROM RESPIRATORY MUCOSA
LOW RISK HPV 6&11
MC FORM - EXOPHYTIC
SINONASAL (SCHNEIDERIAN PAPILLOMA)
MUCOSAL NESTS INVAGINATE INTO THE UNDERLYING STROMA, EGFR MUTATIONS
INVERTED PAPILLOMA
AFRICA- CHILDREN
CHINA - ADULTS
NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA
EBV INFECTION
NITROSAMINES
SALTED FISH
SMOKING
NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA
LEAST RADIOACTIVE
NASOPHARYNGEAL
KERATINIZING CARCINOMA
MOST RADIOACTIVE
UNDIFFERENTUIATED CARCINOMA
NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA
SYNCYTIAL NESTS OF MARKEDLY ATYPICAL CELLS IN A LYMPHOCYTIC BACKGROUND T CELLS
UNDIFERENTIATED CARCINOMA
+ FOR EBV ENCODED RNAs
EBER-1 AND LMP-1
BASALOID SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
NASOPHARYNGEAL
TX FOR NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMAQ
RADIOTHERAPY
H.INFLUENZAE
RSQ
GABHS
TO LARYNGEAL OBSTRUCTION (PEDIA EMERGENCY)
LARYNGOEPIGLOTTIS
PARAMYXOVIRUS
LARYNGOTRACHEOBRONCHITIS (CROUP)
HEAVY SMOKERS
VOICE STRAINERS
REACTIVE NODULES
NODULES
BILATERAL
POLYPS
UNILATERAL
SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
LOOSE MYXOID CONECTIVE TISSUE
NOT GO TO CANCER
RAECTIVE NODULES
BENIGN BUT WITH HEMOPTYSIS
SQUAMOUS PAPILLOMA
PAPILOMATOSIS
TRUE PAPILLAE COVERED BY AN ORDERLY STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
SQUAMOUS PAPILLOMA
PAPILOMATOSIS
ASSOC WITH LOW RISK HPV 6 &11
NO MALIGNANCY
SQUAMOUS PAPILLOMA
PAPILOMATOSIS
RISK FACTOR
S-A-R-A-H
SMOKING
ALCOHOL
RADIATION
ASBESTOS
HPV INFECTION
LARYNGEAL CARCINOMA
MC HISTOLOGY OF LARYNGEAL CARCINOMA
95%
SCC
CMCIN ELDERLY MALES 6TH DECADE
LARYNGEAL CARCINOMA
PERSISTENT HOARSENESS
DYSPHAGIA
DYSPHONIA
LARYNGEAL CARCINOMA
S. PNEUMONIAE
NHIB
M. CATARRHALIS
ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA
P. AERUGINOSA
S. AUREUS
FUNGI
MIXED
CHRONIC OTITIS MEDIA
NON NEOPLASTIC CYSTIC LESIONS
COMPLICATION FROM CHRONIC OTITIS MEDIA
CHOLESTEATOMA
KERATINIZING STRAT. SQUAMOUS OR
METAPLASTIC MUCUS SECRETING
CHOLESTEATOMA
KERATINOUS DEBRIS
CHOLESTEROL SPICULES
CHOLESTEATOMA
INFEXTION SPREADING TO SURROUNDSTRUCTURES ANDTO THE BRAIN
BRAIN ABSCES
REMNANT OD 2ND BRANCHIAL ARCH
BRANCHIAL CLEFT CYST
(CERVICAL LYMPHOEPITHELIAL CYST)
UPPER LATERAL NECKMASS ALONG SCM
BRANCHIAL CLEFT CYST (CERVICAL LYMPHOEPITHELIAL CYST)
SEROUS OR MUCINOUS WITHDESQUAMATED CELLS
BRANCHIAL CLEFT CYST (CERVICAL LYMPHOEPITHELIAL CYST)
WALL : LYMPHOID TISUE WITH PROMINENTGERMINAL CENTERS
BRANCHIAL CLEFT CYST (CERVICAL LYMPHOEPITHELIAL CYST)
MOST IMP DIAGNOSISWHEN YOU HAVE BRANCHIAL CLEFT CYST
CYSTIC METASTASIS OF SCC
REMNANTS OF THYROID GLAND DESCENT
THYROGLOSSAL DUCT CYST
STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS ( UPPER)
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR (LOWER)
THYROGLOSSAL DUCT CYST
WALL ; THYROID TISSUE ISLANDS
RARE MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION
THYROGLOSSAL DUCT CYST
NEUROENDOCRINE NEOPLASM
PARAGANGLIOMA
(CAROTID BODY TUMOR)
PARAGANGLIOMA
(CAROTID BODY TUMOR)
MC -
ADRENAL MEDULLA (PHEOCHROMOCYTOMAS)
PARAGANGLIOMA
(CAROTID BODY TUMOR)
MC EXTRA-ADRENAL
HEAD AND NECK
NEAR OR AT CAROTID ARTERY BIFURCATION
CAROTID BODY TUMOR
ORGAN OF ZUCKERKANDL
BLADDER (RARE)
LESS COMMON INCIDENCE
SYMPATHETIC
POSITIVE CHROMAFFIN STAIN
PARAVERTEBRAL
GREAT VESSELS OF HEAD AND NECK
MORECOMMON INCIDENCE
PARASYMAPTHETIC
NEGTAIVE CHROMAFFIN STAIN
AORTICOPULMONARY CHAIN
FAMILIAL PARAGANGLIOMAS
MULTIPLE INDOCRINE NEOPLASIA 2 (PHEOCHROMOCYTOMAS)
NESTS (ZELLBALLEN) WITH VASCUKAR SEPTA
PARANGANGLIOMAS
SALT & PEPPER CHROMATIN NUCLEI - CHIEF CELLS
PARANGANGLIOMAS
SUSTENTACULAR CELLS - SPINDLE SHAPED STROMAL CELLS
+S-100 PROTEIN
PARAGANGLIOMAS
MC CAUSE :DRUGS
PROMINENT COMPONENT OF SJOGREN SYNDROME
XEROSTOMIA
INCREASE INCIDENCE OF ULCERATIONS AND FISSURING
XEROSTOMIA
most common type of inflammatory salivary gland lesion
MC : LOWER LIP
MUCOCELE
TRUE CYST WHEN SUBLINGUAL GLAND DUCT IS DAMGED
RANULA
Most common form of viral sialadenitis
MUMPS
MC INVOLVED IN MUMPS
PAROTID GLAND
MC GLAND IN SIALOLITHIASIS
MAJOR (SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND)
MC CAUSE OF SIALOLITHIASIS
S. AUREUS
V. STREPTOCOCCI
Most common site of tumors regardless of behavior:
PAROTID GLAND
TUMOR BEING MALIGNANT IS ___ TO SIZE OF GLAND
INVERSELY
MC TUMOR
PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA
2ND MC TUMOR
WARTHIN TUMOR
MC PRIMARY MALIGNANT
MUCOEPIDERMOID CARCINOMA
MC - PAROTID
ROUNDED, WELL DEMARCATED MASS
ENCAPSULATED
GRAY-WHITE
MYXOID
BLUE TRANSLUCENT CHONDROID STROMA
PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA
BENIGN MIXED TUMOR
DUCTAL CELLS
MYOEPITHELIAL CELLS
PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA
BENIGN MIXED TUMOR
MC- PAROTID
ROUN TO OVAL
ENCAPSULATED
PLAE GRAY
NARROW SYSTIC SPACES
WARTHIN TUMOR
DOUBLE LAYER ONCOCYTIC CELLS
INNER COLUMNAR
OUTER CUBOIDAL
WITH LYMPHOCYTES
WARTHIN TUMOR
SMOKING NOTABLE RISK FACTOR
WARTHIN TUMOR
MC- PAROTID
MUCUS SECRETING CELS
SQUAMOUS CELLS
INTERMIDIATE CELLS
MUCOEPIDERMOID CARCINOMA
PROGNOSIS DEPENDS ON GRADE OF TUMNOR
MUCOEPIDERMOID CARCINOMA
MC - PALATINE GLANDS
MC FORM - CRIBIFORM
ADENOID SYSTIC CARCINOMA
SMAL CELLS
SCANT CYTOPLASM
HYPERCHROMIC NUCLEI
PERINEURAL INVASION
ADENOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA
WORSE PROGNOSIS IN MINOR SALIVARY GLAND
ADENOID CYSTIC ADENOMA