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Network+ > DNS and Network Naming > Flashcards

DNS and Network Naming Flashcards

DNS

1
Q

The DNS root

A

.

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2
Q

DNS ports

A

UDP 53, sometimes TCP 53

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3
Q

Number of DNS root servers

A

13; see them at www.root-servers.org

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4
Q

TLD

A

Top level domain

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5
Q

Original TLD’s

A

com, org, net, edu, gov, mil, int

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6
Q

Limit on length of DNS name

A

255 characters, including the periods

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7
Q

Host name

A

The name for an individual computer

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8
Q

FQDN

A

Fully qualified domain name

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9
Q

DNS server

A

A single server running DNS server software

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10
Q

Zone

A

A container for a single domain that gets filled with records

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11
Q

DNS Record

A

A line in the zone data that maps a FQDN to an IP address

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12
Q

Zone that lists all hosts on the domain

A

Authoritative DNS server (aka SOA, Start of Authority)

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13
Q

SOA

A

Start of authority (zone listing all hosts on the domain); updates the name servers

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14
Q

Name servers

A

DNS servers subordinate to the SOA but supporting the same domain

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15
Q

Naming rules for name servers

A

None. Name them what you like (subject to 255 character limit)

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16
Q

HOSTS file

A

Locally cached file on a PC, overrides DNS

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17
Q

Windows command to verify DNS server info

A

ipconfig /all

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18
Q

DNS name resolution order

A

Local cache, local DNS server, root server, TLD server, domain server

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19
Q

Name of UNIX/Linux DNS server tool

A

BIND

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20
Q

Forward lookup zone

A

the zone that maps a FQDN to an IP address; the most important part of the DNS server

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21
Q

A records

A

The IP addresses for all of the hosts on the domain

22
Q

CNAME records

A

Stands for “canonical name”. An alias for another host name

23
Q

MX records

A

Stands for “mail exchanger.” The IP address of the mail server

24
Q

AAAA records

A

The IPv6 addresses of all of the hosts on the domain

25
Q

Primary zone

A

Created on the DNS server, act as the SOA for that zone

26
Q

Secondary zone

A

Created on other DNS servers, backups to the primary zone

27
Q

Reverse lookup zone

A

Maps an IP address to a FQDN. Allows reverse lookup

28
Q

PTR

A

Pointer records. In reverse lookup zones. They point to CNAMEs

29
Q

SMB/CIFS

A

Server Message Block (nka Common Internet File System). Legacy NetBIOS naming convention. Can run over DNS

30
Q

Workgroup

A

A collection of connected local computers running Windows.

31
Q

Windows domain

A

A collection of local computers connected to a server running Windows Server. Today Windows domains use DNS names.

32
Q

Domain controller

A

Windows Server configured to control a Windows domain

33
Q

Recommended top level name for Windows domain not on the Internet

A

.local (but not enforced)

34
Q

Active directory

A

An organization of related computers sharing one or more Windows domains. Multiple domain controllers

35
Q

What happens if primary DNS server goes down

A

You can use secondary to look up records, but cannot add new records

36
Q

Active directory-Integrated zone

A

Allows any Active Directory domain controller to act as a primary zone.

37
Q

Dynamic DNS

A

Enables DNS servers to automatically populate the IP addresses in forward lookup zones (usually by polling DHCP servers)

38
Q

Windows command to force DNS server to update its records

A

ipconfig /registerdns

39
Q

DNS SEC

A

DNS Security Extensions for authorization, authentication, to prevent DNS spoofing

40
Q

First clue that there is a DNS problem

A

“Server not found” error

41
Q

Windows command to flush local DNS cache

A

ipconfig /flushdns

42
Q

Using PING to test DNS problems

A

PING the domain name, then PING an IP address. If only the latter works you have a DNS issue

43
Q

Windows command to get information about the DNS server, see if it is active

A

nslookup

44
Q

Windows command to connect to a DNS server

A

server [server name or IP] (e.g., server totalhomedc1)

45
Q

WINS server

A

Windows Internet Name Service, allows NetBIOS hosts to register their names with just one server rather than broadcast

46
Q

How to test to see if a connection problem is at the host’s NIC

A

Ping the loopback (e.g., ping localhost or ping 127.0.0.1)

47
Q

NetBIOS command to see current cache of NetBIOS names on WINS server

A

nbtstat -c

48
Q

NetBIOS command to see other visible local systems

A

net view

49
Q

Windows command to see all current connections to a system

A

netstat (use -s switch to give statistics, can be useful)

50
Q

Windows command to trace a packet’s route around the internet

A

tracert

51
Q

RADIUS ports

A

UDP ports 1812, 1813

Network+ (4 decks)

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