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Pocitacove Siete 1 > DNS > Flashcards

DNS Flashcards

1
Q

Co je DNS?

A

Najvacsia distribuovana DB na prevod medzi domenovymi menami a IP adresami

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2
Q

Co je domenove meno?

A

meno.domena_n. … .domena_1

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3
Q

Co su domeny 1?

A

genericke ako com, org, net a pod

podla krajin ako sk, cz, pl…

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4
Q

Preco vyuzivame DNS?

A

Lebo sa zle pamataju IP adresy, lepsie je www.nieco.xy

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5
Q

Ako su usporiadane domenove mena?

A

Tvoria strom
korenom je .
xxx.yyy.tld je synom yyy.tld

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6
Q

Co je zona?

A

suvisla cast domenoveho stromu

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7
Q

Co je zaznam A?

A

IP adresa

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8
Q

Co je zaznam CNAME?

A

Alias

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9
Q

Co je zaznam MX?

A

Mail exchanger = kam sa maju dorucovat maily

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10
Q

Co je zaznam NS?

A

Meno DNS servera pre poddomenu

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11
Q

Co je zaznam SOA?

A

Zakladne informacie o domene

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12
Q

Co je zaznam PTR?

A

Pouziva sa pri opacnom vyhladavani

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13
Q

Ake zaznamy mozu byt pre jeden dopyt viac?

A

A, MX, NS

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14
Q

Ako vyhladame adresu a.b.c.d?

A

Ako zaznam typu PTR pre d.c.b.a.in-addr.arpa

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15
Q

Ake su caching a rekurivny DNS server?

A

Sluzi inym PC v sieti ktore mu posielaju queries pre DNS, udaje uklada do cache kde ich prednostne hlada

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16
Q

Aky je nerekurzivny autoritativny DNS server?

A

odpoveda len na priame otazky ktore sa tykaju jeho zon.

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17
Q

Ako ma nastavene DNS servery bezny PC v sieti?

A

ma nastaveny jeden alebo viac rekurivnych DNS serverov ktorym posiela otazky

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18
Q

Ako je pouzity rekurzivny DNS server v sieti?

A

Najde finalnu odpoved a pozna minimalne DNS servery pre korenovu zonu .

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19
Q

Ako je nastaveny nerekurzivny DNS server v sieti?

A

ma autoritativne info o jednej/viac zonach

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20
Q

Co je DHCP?

A

konfiguracia sietovych parametrov pocitaca

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21
Q

Co je DHCP klient?

A

Pocitac ktory chce ziskat IP adresu

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22
Q

Co je DHCP server?

A

prideluje adresy DHCP klientom

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23
Q

Ako vie pridelit DHCP server adresu?

A

Staticky, alebo dynamicky z mnoziny volnych adries

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24
Q

Aky protokol pouziva DHCP?

A

UDP na porte 68 pre klienta a 67 pre server

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25
Q

Co je DHCP discover?

A

klient ziada o ponuku adresy

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26
Q

Co je DHCP offer?

A

server ponuka adresu

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27
Q

Co je DHCP request?

A

klient ziada a pridelenie ponuknutej adresy

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28
Q

Co je DHCP ACK?

A

Server potvrdzuje pridelenie adresy klientovi na urcity cas

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29
Q

Co je DHCP NAK?

A

server odmietol poziadavku klienta

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30
Q

Co je DHCP release?

A

klient sa vzdava adresy

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31
Q

Co je DHCP decline?

A

klient odmieta adresu

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32
Q

Co je DHCP inform?

A

klient s externe nakonfigurovanou IP si pyta dalsie info o konfiguracii

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33
Q

Ako prebieha obnovenie adresy?

A

DHCP request a DHCP ACK alebo NAK

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34
Q

Akym sposobom prebieha DHCP discover?

A

broadcast

35
Q

Ktore volania sa robia cez unicast?

A

DHCP request alebo release

36
Q

Co ponuka okrem IP adresy DHCP?

A

cas platnosti, maska, gateway, DNS server, meno, domena, NTP server a pod.

37
Q

Co je DHCP relay?

A

Jeden DHCP server moze spravovat adresy vo viac sietach

Relay preposiela poziadavky od klientov na DHCP server

38
Q

Aka IP adresa je automaticka a teda znamena ze nemam pridelenu ziadnu?

A

169.254.x.x

39
Q

Co je to BOOTP?

A

Predchodca DHCP, nepodporoval pridelovanie adries na urcity cas a vlastne DHCP je rozsirenie BOOTP

40
Q

Co je WWW (World Wide Web)?

A

system, ktory umoznuje jednoduchym sposobom pristupovat k hypertextovym a multimedialnym dokumentom

41
Q

Co je hypertext?

A

Text dokumentu obsahuje spojenia na dalsie dokumenty resp na ine miesta toho dokumentu

42
Q

Co je multimedialny?

A

Sucastou moze byt obrazok, zvuk, video a pod.

43
Q

Na akom principe pracuje WWW?

A

klient-server

44
Q

Co je na WWW serveroch?

A

Dokumenty a bezi na nich WWW server alebo HTTP server, ponuka ich klientovi ako odpoved na poziadavku, www browserom

45
Q

V akom tvare je v systeme WWW Universal Resource Locator?

A

pristupova metoda:specificka cast

46
Q

Daj priklad universal resource lokator

A

metoda: http

speci. cast: //pocitac:port/adresar/subor

47
Q

Dokumentom v systeme www sa hovori aj _____

A

stranky

48
Q

Spojenia medzi dokumentmi sa nazyvaju ______

A

odkazy (links)

49
Q

V akom tvare robime netcat prikaz GET?

A

GET /www/index.html HTTP/1.0

50
Q

Na co sluzia proxy servery?

A

Ked sa neda pripojit priamo na server, napr klient je za firewall alebo v sieti so sukromnymi IP adresami

51
Q

Ako funguju proxy servery?

A

Ma cache, udrziava v nej casto navstevovane stranky pre zvysenie rychlosti pristupu

52
Q

Co je CGI? aj skratka

A

Common Gateway Interface

program ktory sa vykonava na www serveri na zaklade poziadavky klienta

53
Q

V akom jazyku musi byt napisany CGI skript?

A

lubovolnom, C, C++, perl…

54
Q

Co je vystupom CGI skriptu?

A

Dokument, ktory WWW server vrati klientovi

55
Q

Co je javascript?

A

Skriptovaci jazyk interpetovany prehliadacom

56
Q

Co je elektronicka posta?

A

Analogia klasickej posty, umoznuje pouzivatelom vymenu sprav. Kazdy pouzivatel posty ma vytvorenu postovu schranku na niektorom z pocitacov v sieti

57
Q

Z coho sa sklada sprava el. posty?

A

hlavicky (odosielatel, adresat, cas…)

tela (zvysok spravy)

58
Q

V akom tvare je adresa el. posty?

A

pouzivatel@domena

59
Q

Co je User Agent v el. poste?

A

program pomocou ktoreho pouzivatel spracovava spravy (Thunderbird, Outlook a pod.)

60
Q

Co je Message Transfer Agent? MTA

A

program ktory zabezpecuje prenos sprav el. posty medzi pocitacmi v sieti

61
Q

Co je sklad sprav? MS

A

miesto, kde su ulozene postove schranky pouzivatelov

62
Q

Ake su najcastejsie moznosti usporiadania systemu el. posty?

A

pouzitie vseobecneho tenkeho klienta
pouzitie specifickeho programu pre postu
spracovanie posty vo vlastnej LAN

63
Q

Opis pouzitie vseobecneho tenkeho klienta

A

WWW prehliadac napr

vsetky programy na strane poskytovatela

64
Q

Opis pouzitie specifickeho programu pre postu

A

UA bezi na zariadeni pouzivatela

65
Q

Opis spracovanie posty vo vlastnej LAN

A

vlastny postovy server
UA na zariadeniach userov
MTA, MS na serveri organizacie
MTA na serveri poskytovatela

66
Q

Opis SMTP

A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

Medzi MTA, ale aj z UA k MTA

67
Q

Kde bezi SMTP?

A

TCP port 25

68
Q

Co vie prenasat SMTP?

A

Len textove 7bit spravy

69
Q

Ako vie komunikovat UA a MS?

A

priamo cez suborovy system, ak je UA na rovnakom systeme ako MS
cez vseobecne sluzby pristupu k vzdialenym suborom
pouzitim protokolov POP3 alebo IMAP

70
Q

Opis POP3

A

starsi, jednoduchsi protokol

neumoznuje spravu viacerych priecinkov pre postu, len jeden inbox

71
Q

Ake su nevyhody pop3?

A

Ak na jednom zariadeni pozriem postu, tak na druhom sa stale ukazuje ako neprecitana
vacsina klientov nevie nacitat najprv len hlavicku sprav a telo az na vyziadanie

72
Q

Kde bezi pop3?

A

TCP port 110

73
Q

Opis IMAP?

A

Internet Message Access Protocol
Dnes najpouzivanejsi
umoznuje komplexnu spravu priecinkov na serveri, vzdy sa precitaju len hlavicky a telo az na vyziadanie a pod.

74
Q

Kde bezi IMAP?

A

TCP port 143

75
Q

Co robi uuencode? Pre bin. subor

A

Vstup sa rozdeli po 6 bitoch -> seria cisiel 0-63

ku kazdemu sa pripocita 32, cim dostaneme tlacitelne ASCII znaky

76
Q

Co robi uudecode?

A

decode z uuencode

77
Q

Co je MIME?

A

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension

pridava nove hlavicky

78
Q

Ake hlavicky pridava MIME?

A 
MIME version
Content Type (typ dokumentu)
Content Transfer Encoding (kodovanie)
79
Q

Ake kodovanie pouziva MIME?

A

BASE64 - najcastejsie podobne ako uuencode
Quoted Printable
bez kodovania

80
Q

Aky pozname typ obsahu MIME?

A

Napr. text/plain, text/html, image/gif

81
Q

Aky je content type ked je sprava z viac casti?

A

multipart/mixed

82
Q

Co je content type application/octet-stream?

A

nespecifikovany format

83
Q

Ako vieme prenasat binarne prilohy?

A

zakodujeme do 7bit textu, posleme cez SMTP, dekodujeme

84
Q

Aky je rozdiel medzi SMTP a POP3, IMAP?

A

SMTP je na prenos mailov medzi MTA, POP3 a IMAP medzi UA a MS

Pocitacove Siete 1 (6 decks)

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