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Dental Hygiene > DNHY Fundamentals > Flashcards

DNHY Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

Angle

A

formed by 2 straight lines that meet at an endpoint.

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2
Q

Angulation

A

the relation between an instrument and the tooth surface to which it is applied

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3
Q

Anterior

A

Facing toward the front of the mouth

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4
Q

Posterior

A

Facing toward the back of the mouth

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5
Q

Biofilm

A

a well-organized colony of bacteria. (also called plaque)

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6
Q

Calculus

A

Calculus- mineralized biofilm or plaque (deposits too hard to remove at home, must be scal instruments, another name is “tartar”)

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7
Q

Carious lesion

A

Tooth decay (or “cavity”)

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8
Q

Cross section

A

Formed by cutting through an object, like a tree, to count the rings

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9
Q

Crown of the tooth

A

part of the tooth that is typically visible in the oral cavity

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10
Q

Root of the tooth

A

part of the tooth that is not visible, anchored in the jaw bone and contains the nerve, root canal and pulp of the tooth

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11
Q

Curets and scalers

A

types of sharp instruments used to remove calculus and stain from teeth

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12
Q

Cutting edge

A

the sharp working edge of an instrument- can be straight or curved

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13
Q

Ergonomics

A

the science of adjusting equipment, tools and environment for safe human use

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14
Q

Extrinsic and intrinsic stains

A

stains that occur on the external and internal surfaces of teeth

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15
Q

Fulcrum

A

a stabilizing point for a clinician’s hand during instrumentation; usually the ring finger is the fulcrum finger

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16
Q

Gingiva

A

commonly known as the “gum tissue”- the soft tissue covering certain areas of the oral cavity

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17
Q

Gingivitis

A

a bacterial infection confined to a part of the gingiva

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18
Q

Horizontal

A

Parallel to the ground

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19
Q

Indirect vision

A

Use of a mouth mirror in the oral cavity to see something that cannot be viewed directly

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20
Q

Line angle

A

an imaginary line formed where two tooth surfaces meet (mesiolingual, distolingual etc…).

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21
Q

Long axis

A

an imaginary line that passes through the center of teeth and divides the tooth symmetrically into equal parts

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22
Q

Magnification loupes

A

magnifying surgical telescopes that can aid vision during instrumentation

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23
Q

Maxillary

A

The upper jaw bone / arch of teeth

24
Q

Mandibular

A

The lower jaw bone / lower arch of teeth

25
Q

Midline

A

an imaginary line that divides arches of teeth into two equal parts. The midline is between the two Maxillary (upper) central incisors and between the two Mandibular (lower) central incisors.

26
Q

Millimeter

A

a unit of length, equal to one thousandth of a meter (mm is the abbreviation). A very common measurement used in the oral cavity.

27
Q

Mobility

A

the loosening of a tooth in its socket/ jaw bone support

28
Q

Modified pen grasp

A

the grasp used to hold instruments; allows for control and variable movements

29
Q

Oblique

A

a line that has sloping or slanting direction; this direction is used as a working stroke in removing calculus deposits from teeth

30
Q

Oral cavity

A

The mouth

31
Q

Paired working ends

A

Instruments that are double ended, two working ends are mirror images

32
Q

Parallel lines

A

lines that run in the same direction and will never meet/ intersect

33
Q

Periodontal disease

A

a bacterial infection of the periodontium; (a disease of the gingiva and bony tissues)

34
Q

Perpendicular lines

A

two lines that intersect to form a 90 degree angle (example is a door and a floor)

35
Q

Selective polishing

A

an esthetic procedure to remove visible stains from the teeth

36
Q

Periodontal probe

A

a blunt ended instrument, marked in millimeters, used to take measurements in the oral cavity

37
Q

Quadrant

A

what the areas are called when the oral cavity is divided into four equal parts. There are two Maxillary quadrants and two Mandibular quadrants. Each quadrant contains 1 central incisor, 1 lateral incisor, 1 canine, 2 premolars and 3 molars. (8 teeth in each quadrant).

38
Q

Sextant

A

what the areas are called when the oral cavity is divided into six parts- there are 3 Maxillary and 3
Mandibular sextants- 2 Maxillary posterior sextants (molars and premolars), 2 Mandibular posterior sextants (molars and premolars)and 2 anterior sextants (canines and incisors).

39
Q

Retraction

A

use of the mouth mirror or fingers to hold a patient’s lip, cheek or tongue away from areas being worked on, for better access and visibility

40
Q

Right angle

A

A 90 degree angle

41
Q

Scaling

A

instrumentation of the teeth to remove plaque/biofilm, calculus and/ or stain

42
Q

Supine position

A

the patient’s position during dental treatment; horizontal, nearly parallel to the floor-comfortable for the patient and clinician

43
Q

Surfaces of the teeth toward the clinician

A

surfaces of the teeth that are closest to the clinician’s dominant working hand. (also “Surfaces Away” from the clinician)

44
Q

Tactile sensitivity

A

the ability of the clinician to sense and feel vibrations transmitted from the tooth surface to the working instrument, mainly experienced with the “explorer” instrument

45
Q

Transillumination

A

the ability of the mirror to reflect light through the anterior teeth (front of the mouth).
Carious lesions (cavities) can be found this way.

46
Q

Vertical

A

A line that is perpendicular to level ground; upright

47
Q

Working end

A

the part of the instrument that contains the sharp edges, or working edges; the end of the instrument that contains the cutting edge or edges.

48
Q

How many teeth do adults have

A

32

49
Q

How many teeth do children have and what are they called ?

A

20 deciduous teeth or “baby teeth”

50
Q

Adult teeth have…

A

12 molars, 8 premolars, 4 canines, 4 lateral incisors, 4 central incisors.

51
Q

How are adult teeth labeled?

A

Teeth are numbered 1 through 32 beginning on the maxillary (upper right): #1 around to #16 (last tooth on maxillary left); then drop down to Mandibular (lower left) #17 around to #32 (mandibular right)

52
Q

How are deciduous teeth labeled?

A

The capital letters A through T instead of numbers

53
Q

Mesial surface

A

the surface of the tooth closest to the midline of the mouth, facing the front of the mouth

54
Q

Distal surface

A

the surface of the tooth closest to the back of the mouth, facing away from the midline

55
Q

Lingual surface

A

surfaces of the teeth facing toward the tongue or palate

56
Q

Facial surface

A

surfaces of the teeth toward the cheeks or lips in the anterior of the mouth

57
Q

Buccal surface

A

surfaces of the teeth toward the cheeks or lips in the posterior of the mouth

Dental Hygiene (1 decks)

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