DNA Vocab (Assignment)

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

AN ORGANISM’S GENETIC MATERIAL

Question 2

NUCLEOTIDE

Answer 2

A MOLECULE MADE OF A NITROGEN BASE A SUGAR AND A PHOSPHATE GROUP

Question 3

REPLICATION

Answer 3

THE PROCESS OF COPYING A DAN MOLECULE TO MACK ANOTHER DAN MOLECULE

Question 4

polygenic inheritance

Answer 4

Polygenic inheritance describes the inheritance of traits that are determined by more than one gene. These genes, called polygenes, produce specific traits when they are expressed together. Polygenic inheritance differs from Mendelian inheritance patterns, where traits are determined by a single gene.

Question 5

codominance

Answer 5

Codominance means that neither allele can mask the expression of the other allele. An example in humans would be the ABO blood group, where alleles A and alleles B are both expressed. So if an individual inherits allele A from their mother and allele B from their father, they have blood type AB. Suzanne Hart, Ph. D.

Question 6

heterozygous

Answer 6

If the two versions are different, you have a heterozygous genotype for that gene. For example, being heterozygous for hair color could mean you have one allele for red hair and one allele for brown hair.

Question 7

heterozygous

Answer 7

Heterozygous refers to having inherited different forms of a particular gene from each parent. A heterozygous genotype stands in contrast to a homozygous genotype, where an individual inherits identical forms of a particular gene from each parent.

Question 8

phenotype

Answer 8

Examples of phenotypes include height, wing length, and hair color. Phenotypes also include observable characteristics that can be measured in the laboratory, such as levels of hormones or blood cells.

Question 9

genotype

Answer 9

A gene encodes eye color. In this example, the allele is either brown, or blue, with one inherited from the mother, and the other inherited from the father. The brown allele is dominant (B), and the blue allele is recessive (b).

Question 10

allele

Answer 10

An allele is specific variation of a gene. Bacteria, because they have a single ring of DNA, have one allele per gene per organism. In sexually reproducing organisms, each parent gives an allele for each gene, giving the offspring two alleles per gene.

Question 11

homozygous

Answer 11

You can have brown eyes whether you’re homozygous (two alleles for brown eyes) or heterozygous (one for brown and one for blue). This is unlike the allele for blue eyes, which is recessive. You need two identical blue eye alleles in order to have blue eyes.

Question 12

translation

Answer 12

Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text.

Question 13

incompletedominance

Answer 13

Incomplete dominance is a form of intermediate inheritance in which one allele for a specific trait is not completely expressed over its paired allele. This results in a third phenotype in which the expressed physical trait is a combination of the phenotypes of both alleles.

Question 14

heredity

Answer 14

An example of heredity is the likelihood that you will have blue eyes. An example of heredity is your possibility of having breast cancer based on family history. The tendency of offspring to resemble parents or ancestors through such transmission. All the characteristics inherited genetically by an individual.

Question 15

genetics

Answer 15

a branch of biology that deals with the heredity and variation of organisms : the genetic makeup and phenomena of an organism, type, group, or condition.

Question 16

hybrid

Answer 16

Hybrid electric vehicles are powered by an internal combustion engine and an electric motor, which uses energy stored in batteries. A hybrid electric vehicle cannot be plugged in to charge the battery. Instead, the battery is charged through regenerative braking and by the internal combustion engine.

Question 17

gene

Answer 17

The basic unit of heredity that occupies a specific location on a chromosome. Each consists of nucleotides arranged in a linear manner. Most genes code for a specific protein or segment of protein leading to a particular characteristic or function.

Question 18

dominant trait

Answer 18

In genetics, dominance is the phenomenon of one variant of a gene on a chromosome masking or overriding the effect of a different variant of the same gene on the other copy of the chromosome. The first variant is termed dominant and the second

Question 19

recessive trait

Answer 19

Dominant refers to the relationship between two versions of a gene. Individuals receive two versions of each gene, known as alleles, from each parent. If the alleles of a gene are different, one allele will be expressed; it is the dominant gene. The effect of the other allele, called recessive, is masked.

Question 20

mutation

Answer 20

Other common mutation examples in humans are Angelman syndrome, Canavan disease, color blindness, cri-du-chat syndrome, cystic fibrosis, Down syndrome, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, haemochromatosis, haemophilia, Klinefelter syndrome, phenylketonuria, Prader–Willi syndrome, Tay–Sachs disease, and Turner syndrome.

Question 21

rna

Answer 21

The central dogma of molecular biology suggests that the primary role of RNA is to convert the information stored in DNA into proteins.