DNA transcription

Question 1

__________________ is the process in which an RNA strand is synthesized from its complementary DNA strand. Various types of RNA are made: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, and more.

Answer 1

Transcription

Question 2

The enzyme involved in transcription is __________________.

Answer 2

RNA polymerase

Question 3

The reaction mechanism for RNA polymerase is similar to that of DNA polymerase except that RNA polymerase does not require ___________.

Answer 3

Primers

Question 4

A gene can be defined as a sequence that encodes a polypeptide chain. Is that the only product of a gene? What are some other gene products?

Answer 4

No

tRNA, rRNA

Question 5

Cells have lots of DNA, not all of which contains genes that must be transcribed. How does the cell transcription machinery known where genes are located?

Answer 5

Upstream of a gene is usually a promoter

Question 6

____________ are specific DNA sequences that are recognized by ______ factor of RNA polymerase and serve as start sites for transcription.

Answer 6

Promoters

Sigma factor

Question 7

RNA polymerase scans DNA strand for a ___________. Once there, an open complex is form. Draw a picture of a transcription “bubble” and important terms associated with transcription.

Answer 7

Promoter

Question 8

RNA is synthesized in the ___ to ___ direction and read in the ___ to ___ direction just as DNA.

Answer 8

Synthesis: 5’ to 3’

Read: 3’ to 5’

Question 9

The non-template strand is also known as the ________ strand or _________ strand.

Answer 9

Sense strand

Coding strand

Question 10

The template strand is also known as the ____________ strand and _____________ strand.

Answer 10

Antisense strand

Non-coding strand

Question 11

The DNA “____” at the promoter, which is a region rich in AT sequences.

Answer 11

Melts

Question 12

The region containing RNA polymerase, template DNA, and nascent RNA is known as the __________________ ________________.

Answer 12

Transcription bubble

Question 13

The RNA-DNA hybride helix is approximately ___ base pairs long.

Answer 13

8

Question 14

_________________________________ play an important role in transcription in eukaryotes. There are numerous general transcription factors that bind promoter regions and influence the level of transcription. Many general transcription factors are required for transcription, and others can activate or repress transcription.

Answer 14

Transcription factors

Question 15

Activators are transcription factors that __________ transcription rates by _________ binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter.

Answer 15

Increase

Increase

Question 16

Repressors are transcription factors that _______________ transcription rates by _______________ binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter.

Answer 16

Decreases

Decreases