DNA to RNA Protein Synthesis Supplements Flashcards
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
How many strands does DNA have?
2 strands
What is the name of the chemical building blocks that make up DNA
Nucleotides
What are the chemical building blocks of DNA made up of?
A phosphate group, a sugar group, and a nitrogen base
What shape does DNA make?
Double Helix
What is the sugar that makes up DNA and how many carbons does it have?
Deoxyribose and 5 carbons
What are the 4 bases of DNA
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine
What types of bond joins the nitrogen bases together?
Hydrogen bonds
Name the base parings for DNA
A-T
T-A
G-C
C-G
What does adenine and guanine create when joined?
Purines
What does thymine and cytosine create when joined?
Pyrimidines
What does RNA stand for?
Ribonucleic acid
How many strands does RNA have?
Single Strand
What is the purpose of RNA?
Gets DNA’s message out to organelles
What are the 4 bases of RNA
Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, and Guanine
What is it called when you put the genetic alphabet together?
A genome
What are the backbones of each stand of DNA
Phosphate and Sugar
What is it called when the base pairs match up?
Complementary base pairing
In DNA, if the base sequence on one strand is AGGCTA, the other complementary ______?
TCCGAT
Where does the DNA stay?
In the nucleus
How does DNA get out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm to make a new protein?
RNA
What is the whole entire process called?
Protein Synthesis
What letter does DNA have that RNA does not?
DNA has Thymine while RNA has Uracil
What is the first step needed to get out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm to make a protein for the pancreas?
Transcription
How many DNA strands are transcribed?
1
To make the protein he DNA code must first be transcribed into a ____
mRNA
What type of enzyme unzips the DNA strands/ uncoils them?
RNA enzyme
