DNA to Genes to Chromosomes (Part 1) Flashcards
Which strand can be used as a primer for PCR or as an ASO probe for detection of mutations?
Anti-parallel
What is an example of a epigenetic modifications that regulates the rate at which transcription occurs
Methylation
What are the types of DNA sequences that we have?
1) Nuclear
2) Extragenic
3) Mitochondrial
What are the types of extragenic DNA?
- Tandem repeat
- Interspersed
What are the categories of Nuclear DNA?
1) Nuclear genes
2) Multigene families
What are the sub-types of Nuclear Gene DNA?
Unique single copy
What are the types of Nuclear Multigene DNA?
1) Classic gene families
2) Gene superfamilies
What are characteristics of Nuclear Genes?
- 25,000-30,000 unique copy genes in nuclear genome
- Heterochromatic and centromeric regions are generally non-coding
- Variable in size
- Unique copy genes code for enzymes, hormones, receptors, structural and regulatory proteins
- Exon sequences of genes are interspersed by introns
In regards to Nuclear genes, where is the highest gene density?
subtelomeric region
What are unique single copy genes under the category of Nuclear coding DNA?
Unique sequences in the genome that code for one protein: receptors, enzymes, hormones, structural elements of the cell, etc.
What are multigene families under the category of Nuclear Coding DNA?
Multigene families (can be clustered or dispersed): Genes with similar functions that have arisen by gene duplication
Multigene families, a type of Nuclear Coding DNA, can be further subdivided into what?
1) Classic gene families
2) Gene superfamilies
What are classic gene families?
multicopy genes that show a high degree of homology (e.g. HOX genes and genes for rRNAs, tRNAs)
What are gene superfamilies?
multicopy genes with similar function but limited gene homology (e.g. HLA genes, T-cell receptors)
What are the characteristics of extragenic DNA?
- constitute majority of the human genome
- predominantly transcriptionally inactive
- May play role in regulation of gene expression
