DNA test

Question 1

DNA stands for..

Answer 1

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

DNA is known as

Answer 2

the blueprint for life

Question 3

discovered the structure of DNA

Answer 3

watson & crick

Question 4

discovered that something passes information between cells

Answer 4

fredrick griffith

Question 5

made first image of DNA with x-ray diffraction

Answer 5

Rosalind Franklin

Question 6

the backbone of DNA is made up of

Answer 6

a phosphate and a sugar deoxyribose

Question 7

4 nitrogen bases

Answer 7

adenine + thymine , cytosine + guanine

Question 8

purine

Answer 8

2 rings

Question 9

pyrimidine

Answer 9

1 ring

Question 10

complementary base pairs means..

Answer 10

like CGAT

Question 11

bonds that hold nitrogen bases together

Answer 11

hydrogen bond (weak)

Question 12

what does chargaffs rule state

Answer 12

Complementary base pairs always have equal number

Question 13

which direction is a dna strand read

Answer 13

5’ to 3’

Question 14

ligase

Answer 14

enzyme that glues strand back together

Question 15

helicase

Answer 15

enzyme that separates the strand

Question 16

DNA polymerase

Answer 16

enzyme that build new strand

Question 17

replication form

Answer 17

Y shaped region where replication occurs

Question 18

semi conservative

Answer 18

each replication helix contains one strand from the original copy

Question 19

Which enzyme checks, and make sure that all the right bases are being added

Answer 19

DNA polymerase

Question 20

What are the three types of RNA

Answer 20

Messenger RNA (mRNA)
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 21

What does MRNA do?

Answer 21

Carries information from DNA outside the nucleus

Question 22

What does RRNA do?

Answer 22

Part of the structure of ribosomes

Question 23

What does TRNA do?

Answer 23

Carries the correct amino acid, when building and protein

Question 24

3 main differences between DNA and RNA

Answer 24

RNA is single stranded, RNA replaces base thymine with uracil, sugar is ribose instead of deoxyribose

Question 25

sequence of 3 nucleotides that code for a specific amino acids

Answer 25

codon

Question 26

a sequence of nucleotides that is the blue print for a protein

Answer 26

gene

Question 27

what is proteins synthesis

Answer 27

the process of turning a DNA sequence into a protein the cell can use

Question 28

mRNA is made in the process of..

Answer 28

transcription

Question 29

steps of transcription, and what happens in each

Answer 29

binding- RNA polymerase binds to a section of DNA copy- RNA polymerase copies a segment of DNA terminate- the stop signal cuts of the RNA

Question 30

a code in DNA that tells RNA to bind to the right spot

Answer 30

promoter

Question 31

The information used to create a protein originates in

Answer 31

DNA

Question 32

Each step of translation, and what happens in each step

Answer 32

initiation - a start codon and tRNA bind to the ribosome elongation - tRNAs bring amino acids to build the polypeptide termination- stop codon tells stop building the protein disassembly- the ribosomes and mRNA separate

Question 33

the section of tRNA that binds to a codon

Answer 33

anticodon

Question 34

what bonds do amino acids form with eachother

Answer 34

peptide bonds

Question 35

during which step of translation does the protein fold into shape

Answer 35

disassembly

Question 36

in whcih part of the cell does transcription take place

Answer 36

nucleus

Question 37

in whcih part of the cell does translation take place

Answer 37

cytoplasm

Question 38

what codons tell the cell to stop

Answer 38

UAA, UAG, UGA

Question 39

mutation where the sequence has no change

Answer 39

silent mutation

Question 40

mutation where the entire sequence shifts over

Answer 40

frameshift mutation

Question 41

mutation where the final protein is unable to function

Answer 41

missense muation

Question 42

mutation where the sequence stops early

Answer 42

nonsense mutation

Question 43

each step of mitosis and what it does

Answer 43

prophase- DNA becomes choromosomes, nucleus dissolves metaphase- chromosomes line up at center anaphase- centrioles pull chromosomes to opposite sides of telophase- new nuclei form cytokinesis- membrane and cytoplasm divide into 2 cells

Question 44

DNA wrapped around in tightly packed soil

Answer 44

chromosome

Question 45

4 stages of the cell cycle, what happens in each

Answer 45

G1- cell grows S- cell replicates DNA G2- cell prepares for mitosis M- process of a cell dividing into 2 brand new cells

Question 46

what’s it called when the cytoplasm divides

Answer 46

cytokinesis