DNA studies Flashcards
Protein synthesis
Cells making protein needed to function.
Transcription;
Inside the ____
Nucleus
Transcription;
mRNA creates a
Message from the DNA
Transcription;
Codon
3 bases
Transcription;
Thymine changes to___
Uracils
Translation;
Happens in the ____
Ribosomes
Translation;
mRNA and tRNA translate ____
Messages from dna to make amino acid
Translation;
Used codon chart to
Name aminos
Translation;
How many amino acids are in the human body?
20
Translation; What is always the start codon?
MET (aug)
Translation; Amino acid chain =
Protein
DNA and RNA # of strands
D- 2 (double stranded)
R- 1 (single stranded)
DNA and RNA sugars
D- Deoxyribose
R-Ribose
DNA and RNA nitrogen bases
D- ACTG
R-ACUG
Weak bonds in nitrogen bases
Hydrogen bonds
Strong bonds that holds DNA back bone together
Covalent bonds
How does the central dogma says that info is disseminated from our DNA?
DNA —> RNA —> Protein
What is DNA replication?
Process by which dna makes an identical copy of itself
During the cell cycle the dna replication occurs?
S-Phase
Where does DNA replication occur?
Nucleus
What enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?
Helicase
What enzyme is responsible for the binding nucleotides together and editing the new strands of DNA
DNA polymerase
At the end of DNA replication each new molecule of DNA has an old and new strand this is also known as
Semi- conservative
Two steps of protein synthesis
1st Transcription 2nd translation
Transcription-
Nucleus and produces MRNA
Translation
Ribosomes and produced protein
The form of ribonucleic acid that carries genetic info from the DNA to the ribosomes is
MRNA
What are the monomers of proteins
Amino Acids
The enzyme responsible for making RNA during transcription is called
RNA Polymerase
During translation amino acids are brought to the ribosomes by molecules of
TRNA
The same genetics code is used in ALL living things
True
The sequence of three nucleotides that code for specific amino acids or stop signals in the synthesis of protein on MRNA is called
Codon
Nucleotide sequences are complementary to codons in mRNA are called
Anticodons
How does a ribosome know where to begin and end translations
Start codons, stop codons
Why did MRNA have holes?
The holes in the MRNA represent the binding sites where ribosomes attach to read the codons during translation
What is METhionine?
Amino acid coded by the start codon it initiates protein synthesis
Where is ribosomes going? Why?
Moving along the mRNA strand to read the amino acids and facilitate the assembly of polypeptide chain
What is a gene mutation
A change in the DNA sequence
Pointmutation
Change in a single nucleotide
Frame shift Mutation
Insertion or deletion by changing proteins or having no effect
What are silent mutations and how do they occur
Don’t change the protein due to redundancy in the genetic code
