DNA Structure, Transcription and Translation Test Flashcards
DNA
the code for our bodies functions; comprised of 4 letters (ATCG) forming books of instructions
genome
library of DNA
what is the polymer
DNA
what is monomer of DNA
nucliotide
what are the 4 bases
adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T)
what do purines always pair with
pyrimidines
what controls traits
gene
what are “flavors” of traits called (come from the parents)
alleles
when is dna dupicated during cell division
interphase
what is the zipper in dna replication
helicase
what do all enzymes end in
-ase
what is the purpose of the sonic hedgehog protien (shh)
it controls the number and placement of appendages/limbs.
difference between DNA and RNA
ribos v. deoxyribos
single strand v. double strand
uricil v. thymine
which way do the strands of dna run
antiparalell
what are the three types of rna
rRNA: part of the ribosome
mRNA: caries instructions to make a protien
tRNA: transphers the amino acid building blocks to the ribosome to build protiens
transcription
the process of creating mRNA from the basic building blocks AUCG ony using one stand of the DNA as the instructions/template
what are the three essential regions of the gene
promotor
coding
terminator
what is the central dogma
DNA through transscription converted to mRNA through translation turned into protein
what is the coding part of the gene separated into
exon 1 - intron1 - exon 2 - intron 2 - exon 3
what are the final mRNA
the exons
what amino acid does every protein begin with
methionine
what is the three letter sequince of DNA/RNA called
a codon
how many codons for each amino acid are there
at least one
what is the starting codon
AUG
what are the stopping or treminating codons
UAA(ochre)
UGA(umber)
UAG(amber)
what does translation require
processed mRNA: instructions
ribosome: protein factory
tRNA: amino acid supplier
what is translation
the process of translating mRNA to proteins
what is the back bone of th dna molecule
phosforus
what is the other part of dna than the phosphate and the base
sugar
