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Freshman Bio > DNA Structure, Transcription and Translation Test > Flashcards

DNA Structure, Transcription and Translation Test Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

DNA

A

the code for our bodies functions; comprised of 4 letters (ATCG) forming books of instructions

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2
Q

genome

A

library of DNA

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3
Q

what is the polymer

A

DNA

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4
Q

what is monomer of DNA

A

nucliotide

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5
Q

what are the 4 bases

A

adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T)

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6
Q

what do purines always pair with

A

pyrimidines

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7
Q

what controls traits

A

gene

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8
Q

what are “flavors” of traits called (come from the parents)

A

alleles

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9
Q

when is dna dupicated during cell division

A

interphase

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10
Q

what is the zipper in dna replication

A

helicase

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11
Q

what do all enzymes end in

A

-ase

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12
Q

what is the purpose of the sonic hedgehog protien (shh)

A

it controls the number and placement of appendages/limbs.

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13
Q

difference between DNA and RNA

A

ribos v. deoxyribos
single strand v. double strand
uricil v. thymine

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14
Q

which way do the strands of dna run

A

antiparalell

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15
Q

what are the three types of rna

A

rRNA: part of the ribosome
mRNA: caries instructions to make a protien
tRNA: transphers the amino acid building blocks to the ribosome to build protiens

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16
Q

transcription

A

the process of creating mRNA from the basic building blocks AUCG ony using one stand of the DNA as the instructions/template

17
Q

what are the three essential regions of the gene

A

promotor
coding
terminator

18
Q

what is the central dogma

A

DNA through transscription converted to mRNA through translation turned into protein

19
Q

what is the coding part of the gene separated into

A

exon 1 - intron1 - exon 2 - intron 2 - exon 3

20
Q

what are the final mRNA

A

the exons

21
Q

what amino acid does every protein begin with

A

methionine

22
Q

what is the three letter sequince of DNA/RNA called

A

a codon

23
Q

how many codons for each amino acid are there

A

at least one

24
Q

what is the starting codon

A

AUG

25
Q

what are the stopping or treminating codons

A

UAA(ochre)
UGA(umber)
UAG(amber)

26
Q

what does translation require

A

processed mRNA: instructions
ribosome: protein factory
tRNA: amino acid supplier

27
Q

what is translation

A

the process of translating mRNA to proteins

28
Q

what is the back bone of th dna molecule

A

phosforus

29
Q

what is the other part of dna than the phosphate and the base

A

sugar

Freshman Bio (2 decks)

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