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Biology 1090 > DNA Structure (Lecture 8) > Flashcards

DNA Structure (Lecture 8) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the parts of a nucleotide?

A

Phosphate, Base, Sugar

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2
Q

What is the difference between a ribose and deoxyribose?

A

Ribose has two OH while deoxyribose has an OH and an H

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3
Q

What are purines and pyrimidines?

A

Purine has a double ring structure (Adenine and Guanine)

Pyrimidine is a single ring structure (Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil)

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4
Q

What does a Phosphate look like?

A
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5
Q

Adenine

Base symbol?

Nucleotide?

Nucleotide symbol?

Nucleoside?

Nucleoside symbol?

A

Adenine

Base symbol: A

Nucleotide: Deoxyadenosine 5’ monophosphate

Nucleotide symbol: dAMP

Nucleoside: Deoxyadenosine

Nucleoside symbol: dA

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6
Q

Guanine

Base symbol?

Nucleotide?

Nucleotide symbol?

Nucleoside?

Nucleoside symbol?

A

Guanine

Base symbol: G

Nucleotide: Deoxyguanosine 5’ monophosphate

Nucleotide symbol: dGMP

Nucleoside: Deoxyguanosine

Nucleoside symbol: dG

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7
Q

Thymine

Base symbol?

Nucleotide?

Nucleotide symbol?

Nucleoside?

Nucleoside symbol?

A

Thymine

Base symbol: T

Nucleotide: Deoxythymidine 5’ monophosphate

Nucleotide symbol: dTMP

Nucleoside: Deoxythymidine

Nucleoside symbol: dT

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8
Q

Cytosine

Base symbol?

Nucleotide?

Nucleotide symbol?

Nucleoside?

Nucleoside symbol?

A

Cytosine

Base symbol: C

Nucleotide: Deoxycytidine 5’ monophosphate

Nucleotide symbol: dCMP

Nucleoside: Deoxycytindine

Nucleoside symbol: dC

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9
Q

What is this strand called?

A

DNA polynucleotide strand

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10
Q

What is this strand called?

A

RNA polynucleotide strand

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11
Q

What kind of bonds do T-A pairs have? How many?

What kind of bonds do C-G pairs have? How many?

A

T-A pairs have two hydrogen bonds

C-G pairs have three hydrogen bonds

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12
Q

What kind of sugar does DNA have?

What kind of sugar does RNA have?

A

DNA had deoxyribose sugar (no oxygen here)

RNA has ribose sugar (an OH group here)

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13
Q

What is a phosphodiester linkage?

A

A phosphodiester linkage connects the 5’ - phosphate group and the 3’ -OH group of adjoining nucleotides

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14
Q

How do the two DNA strands run in correlation to one another?

A

The strands run in opposite directions; they are antiparallel

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15
Q

In RNA what replaces thymine (T)?

A

In RNA, uracil (U) replaces thymine (T)

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16
Q

DNA vs. RNA

Sugar?

Bases?

5’ end?

Size?

Strands?

A

Sugar

DNA is deoxyribose

RNA is ribose

Bases

DNA: A,T,C,G

RNA: A,U,C,G

5’ End

DNA: Monophosphate,

RNA: Triphosphate

Size

DNA: Very large

RNA: Smaller

Strands

DNA: Double

RNA: Single

17
Q

What is the DNA backbone?

A

The DNA backbone is deoxyribose sugars linked by a phosphate

18
Q

Eukaryotic Genome Organization

  1. DNA duplex is how big in diameter?
A

DNA duplex 2 nm in diameter

19
Q

Eukaryotic Genome Organization

  1. Nucleosome fiber how big in diameter?
A

Nucleosome fiber 10 nm in diameter

20
Q

Eukaryotic Genome Organization

  1. Chromatin fiber how big in diameter?
A

Chromatin fiber 30 nm in diameter

21
Q

Eukaryotic Genome Organization

  1. Coiled chromatin fiber how big in diameter?
A

Coiled chromatin fiber 300 nm in diameter

22
Q

Eukaryotic Genome Organization

  1. Coiled coil is how big in diameter?
A

Coiled coil 700 nm in diameter

23
Q

Eukaryotic Genome Organization

  1. Condensed chromatid is how big in diameter?
A

Condensed chromatid 1400 nm in diameter

24
Q

How we go from double-stranded DNA into a Metaphase Chromosome? (Or how to pack 2 meters of DNA into the nucleus of a cell)?

A
25
Q

Histones/Histones removed

Info slide

A
26
Q

DNA is interesting, but we are interested in changes in DNA that results in a new allele. What are these changes referred to as?

A

DNA is interesting, but we are interested in changes in DNA that results in a new allele. These changes are referred to as mutations.

27
Q

The Importance of Mutations

What are mutations?

A

Mutations: sustainer of life and cause of great suffering

  • Source of all genetic variation, which further provides the raw material for evolution
  • Source of many diseases and disorders
28
Q

The Importance of Mutations

What are mutations useful for?

A
  • Useful for probing fundamental biological processes
  • Identifying mutant genes that alter development are useful for identifying the function of that gene.
  • Example, Wnt genes involved in patterning the vertebrate axis now known to be at the center of colon cancer.
29
Q

Greater than 80% of all colon cancers are caused by mutations in how many genes?

A

Greater than 80% of all colon cancers are caused by mutations in just one gene, APC.

30
Q
A

Biology 1090 (24 decks)

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