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DNA > DNA structure and packaging > Flashcards

DNA structure and packaging Flashcards

Basic DNA structure

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the purine bases

A

Adenine and Guanine

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2
Q

what are the purine bases

A

adenine and Guanine

Bigger bases

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3
Q

what are the pyrimidine bases

A

cytosine and thymine

small bases but long name

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4
Q

what are the characterisitics of purines

what allows us to identify them

A

two rings and one NH3 group

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5
Q

what differs adenine from guanine

A

both of double ring strucutre and NH3 group but guanine also has a double bond to O

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6
Q

what are the charecterisitics of pyrimidines

A

they have one ring and at least one double O bond

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7
Q

what differs cytosine from Thymine

A

Thymine has 2 double O bonds while cytosine has 1

All base pairs must have 2 double O bonds

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8
Q

Base pairing rules?

A

A pairs with T
G pairs with C

bases interact with H bonds

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9
Q

How many bonds does each base pair have?

A

Adenine with Thymine has 2 while Guanine with Cytosine has 3

because Guanine has an extra NH3 group to adenine

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10
Q

how is DNA packaged?

A

DNA strand->Nucleosome->Beads on a string-> chromatin-> chromosome

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11
Q

How is DNA packaged during transcription

A

Beads on a string

easier to acces genes

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12
Q

How is DNA packaged most of the time

A

Chromatin

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13
Q

How is DNA packaged during mitosis/Meisosis

A

chromosome

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14
Q

what is a nucleosome

A

It is when 8 histone proteins are bound together with DNA

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15
Q

why does DNA interact with Histones?

A

DNA is negatively charged because of phosphate groups while histone tails are rich in lysine and arginine which makes them positively charged

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16
Q

why is it important to package DNA into nucleosomes

A

so that it can fit into the cell

17
Q

why is it NB to package DNA into chromosomes during cell division

A

Compact structure ensures DNS is not damaged in the process

18
Q

What are the two types of chromatin

How are they packaged and why is that NB?

A

Euchromatin-Loosely packaged chromatin that allows genes to be more easily expressed.
Heterochromatin-Tightly packaged chromatin that leads to poorly expressed genes.

DNA (3 decks)

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