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Bio 181 > DNA Structure and Function > Flashcards

DNA Structure and Function Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Where was DNA isolated from?

A

White blood cells

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2
Q

What does adenine pair with?

A

Thymine

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3
Q

What forms the backbone of a DNA?

A

Alternating deoxyribose sugars and phosphates

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4
Q

What ave the components of the nucleotides?

A

Nitrogenous base, phosphate, group 5 carbon sugar

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5
Q

What are the nitrogenous bases?

A

Purines: adenine and guanine
Pyrimidines: cytosine, thymine and uracil

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6
Q

What pairs with thymine?

A

Adenine

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7
Q

What pairs with guanine?

A

Cytosine

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8
Q

What pairs with cytosine?

A

Guanine

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9
Q

What pairs with guanine in RNA?

A

Uracil

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10
Q

What is the structure of purines?

A

Double ring structure with a six member ring fused to a five membered ring

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11
Q

What is the structure of pyrimidines?

A

Smelled in size and have a six membered ring structure

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12
Q

How many hydrogen bonds connect adenine and thymine

A

2 hydrogen bonds

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13
Q

How many hydrogen bonds connect cytosine and guanine?

A

3 hydrogen bonds

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14
Q

Describe how the bases are arranged in the ladder model of DNA?

A
  • Adenine pairs with thymine and forms 2 hydrogen bonds
  • cytosine pairs with guanine and forms 3 hydrogen bonds
  • backbone is formed by alternating sugar deoxyribose and phosphate group
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15
Q

Where does DNA and RNA occur in eukaryotic cells?

A

Separate compartments from protein synthesis

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16
Q

Where does DNA and RNA occur in prokaryote cells?

A

Occur together

17
Q

What is conservative in DNA replication?

A

DNA molecule would get copied and make a new second complete molecule

18
Q

What is semi-conservative in DNA replication?

A

Each DNA strand separates and serves as a template for a new strand

19
Q

What is dispersive in DNA replication?

A

DNA molecule would get cut into pieces and then after being copied, these pieces would be incorporated into two new DNA molecules

20
Q

What does DNA polymerase do in prokaryotes for DNA replication?

A

Adds nucleotides one by one to the growling DNA chain

21
Q

What does DNA pol l do in prokaryotes for DNA replication?

A

Important accessory enzyme in DNA replication

22
Q

What does DNA pol ll do in prokaryotes for DNA replication?

A

Primarily required for repair

23
Q

What does DNA pol lll do in prokaryotes for DNA replication?

A

Enzyme required for DNA synthesis

24
Q

What is the DNA replication process?

A
  1. DNA double helix unwinds, separating into 2 strands (unwinding)
  2. Each strand serves as a template (pairing)
  3. DNA polymerases link with nucleotides together to form new strands (joining)
  4. 2 strands twist back into double helix ( rewinding)

Bio 181 (1 decks)

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