DNA Structure and Function

Question 1

Where was DNA isolated from?

Answer 1

White blood cells

Question 2

What does adenine pair with?

Answer 2

Thymine

Question 3

What forms the backbone of a DNA?

Answer 3

Alternating deoxyribose sugars and phosphates

Question 4

What ave the components of the nucleotides?

Answer 4

Nitrogenous base, phosphate, group 5 carbon sugar

Question 5

What are the nitrogenous bases?

Answer 5

Purines: adenine and guanine
Pyrimidines: cytosine, thymine and uracil

Question 6

What pairs with thymine?

Answer 6

Adenine

Question 7

What pairs with guanine?

Answer 7

Cytosine

Question 8

What pairs with cytosine?

Answer 8

Guanine

Question 9

What pairs with guanine in RNA?

Answer 9

Uracil

Question 10

What is the structure of purines?

Answer 10

Double ring structure with a six member ring fused to a five membered ring

Question 11

What is the structure of pyrimidines?

Answer 11

Smelled in size and have a six membered ring structure

Question 12

How many hydrogen bonds connect adenine and thymine

Answer 12

2 hydrogen bonds

Question 13

How many hydrogen bonds connect cytosine and guanine?

Answer 13

3 hydrogen bonds

Question 14

Describe how the bases are arranged in the ladder model of DNA?

Answer 14

• Adenine pairs with thymine and forms 2 hydrogen bonds
• cytosine pairs with guanine and forms 3 hydrogen bonds
• backbone is formed by alternating sugar deoxyribose and phosphate group

Question 15

Where does DNA and RNA occur in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 15

Separate compartments from protein synthesis

Question 16

Where does DNA and RNA occur in prokaryote cells?

Answer 16

Occur together

Question 17

What is conservative in DNA replication?

Answer 17

DNA molecule would get copied and make a new second complete molecule

Question 18

What is semi-conservative in DNA replication?

Answer 18

Each DNA strand separates and serves as a template for a new strand

Question 19

What is dispersive in DNA replication?

Answer 19

DNA molecule would get cut into pieces and then after being copied, these pieces would be incorporated into two new DNA molecules

Question 20

What does DNA polymerase do in prokaryotes for DNA replication?

Answer 20

Adds nucleotides one by one to the growling DNA chain

Question 21

What does DNA pol l do in prokaryotes for DNA replication?

Answer 21

Important accessory enzyme in DNA replication

Question 22

What does DNA pol ll do in prokaryotes for DNA replication?

Answer 22

Primarily required for repair

Question 23

What does DNA pol lll do in prokaryotes for DNA replication?

Answer 23

Enzyme required for DNA synthesis

Question 24

What is the DNA replication process?

Answer 24

1. DNA double helix unwinds, separating into 2 strands (unwinding)
2. Each strand serves as a template (pairing)
3. DNA polymerases link with nucleotides together to form new strands (joining)
4. 2 strands twist back into double helix ( rewinding)