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Genetics > DNA structure And Analysis > Flashcards

DNA structure And Analysis Flashcards

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1
Q

At what wavelength can UV light mutate DNA

A

260 nm

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2
Q

At what wavelength does nucleic acid absorb light

A

260nm

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3
Q

At what wavelength does Protein absorb light

A

280nm

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4
Q

Genetic material

A

Information that is contained in genes and is passed on to the next generation
If information changes it can be seen in the next generation (variability in organisms )

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5
Q

Criteria for genetic material

A

Replication
Storage of information
Expression of information
Variation by mutation

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6
Q

Replication

A

Genetic material duplicates and then separates into two daughter cells

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7
Q

Storage of information

A

A chemical language for the survival of the cell

Genetic material is repository of information that may or may not be expressed in the cell

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8
Q

Expression of information

A

A cell needs to turn genes on and off

Depends on the needs of the cell at the given time

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9
Q

Variation by mutation

A

A change in the chemical composition of the DNA that affects the expressed product of DNA

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10
Q

What is the product of DNA

A

The central dogma
DNA-RNA - protein
Transcription then translation

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11
Q

DNA and RNA are both nucleic acid .True or False

A

True

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12
Q

What are the 3 essential components of nucleotides in DNA

A

Nitrogenous bases (A,T,C,G )
Pentode sugar ; deoxyribose
Phosphate groups

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13
Q

What are the 3 essential components of nucleotides in RNA

A 
Nitrogenous bases (A,U,C,G ) 
Pentode sugar (ribose ) 
Phosphate groups
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14
Q

Nitrogenous bases + pentose sugar =

A

Nucleoside

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15
Q

Nucleoside + phosphate groups

A

Nucleotide

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16
Q

Pyrimidine ring is a __________ membered ring

————— and ————— are pyrimidines

A

6
Cytosine and thymine (in DNA)
Cytosine and uracil (in RNA )

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17
Q

Purine ring is a __________ membered ring

————— and ————— are purines

A

9
Guanine and Adenine
(Pure silver (Ag ) Taxi (TC)

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18
Q

The sugar of DNA and RNA is a __________ sugar

A

Pentose sugar

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19
Q

The sugar of DNA and RNA ;C1

A

Can accept a nitrogenous base

20
Q

If C2 on the sugar of DNA and RN HAS AN OH it is DNA .True or false

A

False it is called ribose and is used for RNA .if it is has an H it is called deoxyribose and is used for DNA

21
Q

What is C3 and C5 on the pentose sugar important for

A

It’s important for making polynucleotides

22
Q

What bond forms between ribose or deoxyribose and a nitrogenous base

A

A glycosidic bond

23
Q

Name the ribonucleosides

A

Adenosine
Cytidine
Guanosine
Uridine

24
Q

Name the ribonucleotides

A

Adenylic acid
Cytidylic acid
Guanylic acid
Uridylic acid

25
Q

Why is the phosphate groups very important to making DNA and DNA

A

Phosphate groups store energy that help drive the synthesis of DNA and RNA
The phosphate groups are the structural backbone of DNA and RNA

26
Q

Why are Nucleoside triphosphats important

A

There are large amounts of energy that is released when you break the bonds between the phosphate groups
This energy is used to drive the synthesis reaction (making polynucleotides)

27
Q

What is the linkage between two mono nucleotides

A

Phosphate group linked to two sugars (phosphodiester )

28
Q

Each polynucleotides has a 5’ and 2 ‘ end true or false

A

False it has 5 ‘ and 3’

29
Q

What is Chargaffs Rule

A

A-T base ratio suggested they were In equal amounts

G-C base ratio suggested they were in equal amounts

30
Q

What is the overall form of form A DNA

A

Short and broad

31
Q

What is the overall form of the B form

A

Long and thin

32
Q

Describe the structure of DNA

A

Two Long polynucleotide chains coiled around a central axis forming a right handed double helix
The nitrogenous bases are stacked I’m the center
Two chains connected by base pairing
Chains are anti parallel
Complete turn of helix is 34A
(Major groove 22 A and minor groove 12 A )

33
Q

How is the Z form of DNA different from A and B form

A

The Z form is a left handed double helix

34
Q

How many hydrogen bonds are between A-T and G-C

A

A-T - two H bonds

G-C - three bonds

35
Q

The nitrogenous bases are1 __________and the phosphate backbone is 2____________
Hydrophilic / hydrophobic

A

1 hydrophobic

2 hydrophilic

36
Q

What are stem loop or hairpin structures

A

Thus is when RNA has a tendency to fold back on itself and form short regions on complementary base pairing

37
Q

Secondary structure of RNA (5)

A 
Hairpin loop 
Bulge loop 
Multi loop with 3 branches 
Pseudo-knot 
Stem
38
Q

mRNA

A

Is the template for protein synthesis

39
Q

rRNA

A

Structural component of ribosomes for protein synthesis

40
Q

tRNA

A

carries amino acids for protein synthesis

41
Q

Telomerase RNA

A

Involved in DNA replication at the chromosome ends

42
Q

RNA primers

A

Involved in starting off DNA synthesis

43
Q

SnRNA

A

Small nuclear RNA which helps process mRNA

44
Q

Antisense RNA ,micro RNA and siRNA

A

Involved in gene regulation.

45
Q

Hyperchromic shift

A

During unwinding , the viscosity of DNA decreases and the absorbance increases

46
Q

Molecules with a _________Tm have a ___________ G-C content

A

Higher

Higher

47
Q

Molecules with a _________Tm have a ___________ A-T content

A

Lower

Higher

Genetics (4 decks)

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